Nuclear Power System Based on Fission and Fusion Reactors is the Strategic Line of Nuclear Power Industry Development

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The strategic line of development of a nuclear power system based on fission and fusion reactors which ensures electricity generation on a specified scale, solves the...     

Production of the 186mRe Isomer in Nuclear Reactors

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - To provide experiments on stimulation of de-excitation of the isomer state of the 186mRe nucleus (isomer half-life T1/2 = 2 × 105 yr) with...     

聚变-裂变混合堆系统在能源战略中的地位及其设计中若干问题的分析

简要描述聚变-裂变混合堆在长期能源发展战略中的地位,着重计算分析具有不同类型的聚变堆芯和包层的混合堆生产电能和可裂变核燃料的能力,研究不同类型聚变-裂变混合堆与其支持的卫星堆(如压水堆)组合燃料循环系统生产电能的能力.指出以天然铀或贫化铀为燃料,水冷却的包层设计是一种经济可行、技术风险较小的设计方案.     

新一代堆芯多群常数库制作系统的研制

随着新一代组件计算程序计算精度要求的不断提高,组件计算程序对配套多群常数库提出了更高的要求,例如:要求能群结构更加精细、共振参数更加多样、燃耗数据更加精确等。为满足新一代组件计算程序的这一系列需求研发了一套制作多群常数库的系统NPLC-3。NPLC-3系统以NJOY程序为中心包含了输入参数库、驱动程序、主库制作程序、并群、并库、删除、添加、进制转换、数据自动检验等功能模块,针对各功能模块采用不同方法初步验证了系统的正确性。相对传统的数据制作方法,NPLC-3系统在燃耗链设计、燃耗数据计算以及共振数据制作等方面增加新的特性,而且系统采用独立的I/O接口、全自动读取参数库并生成输入卡,相对过去制作数据库的手段有了很大的改进。With the unceasing enhancement of the calculation accuracy requirement on the new generation of lattice code, higher requirements on multi-group constants library were put forward. For example, fine energy group structures are required, more types of data are need for the resonance processing, more accuracy burn-up data is required. To meet this series of demand, a multi-group constants production system NPLC-3 was developed. The NPLC-3 system which mainly based on the NJOY program contains an input parameter database and a series of functional codes such as driver code, main library production code, energy group collapsing code, work library production code and so on. Recently, different methods were adopted to validate these codes respectively according to their functions. Compared to the traditional methods in multi-group constants production, NPLC-3 system adopts several new methods in the design of burn up chain, calculation of burn up data and resonance parameters. What's more, the NPLC-3 system has an independent I/O interface, and can fully automatic generate input cards from the input parameters database. Relative to the past means of production library, NPLC-3 system has great improvement.     

Production of Transuranium Nuclides in Pulsed Neutron Fluxes from Thermonuclear Explosions

The production of transuranium nuclides in pulsed neutron fluxes from thermonuclear explosions has been studied within the kinetic model of the astrophysical r-process taking into account the time dependence of external parameters and processes accompanying the beta decay of neutron-rich nuclei. Neutron fluxes depending on the time in the range of ~10^–6 s have been simulated within the developed adiabatic binary model. The probabilities of beta-delayed processes have been calculated within the microscopic theory of finite Fermi systems. The yields of transuranium nuclides Y(A) have been calculated for three experimental thermonuclear explosions Mike (Y_M), Par (Y_P), and Barbel (Y_B) (United States). The rms deviations of the calculations from experimental data are 91, 33, and 29% for Y_M, Y_P, and Y_B, respectively. These deviations are much smaller than those for other known calculations and are comparable with the proposed exponential approximation ensuring rms deviations of 56, 86.8, and 60.2% for Y_M, Y_P, and Y_B, respectively. The even–odd anomaly in the observed yields of heavy nuclei is explained by the dominant effect of processes accompanying the beta decay of heavy neutron-rich isotopes.     

合成和研究稀土区质子滴线附近的6种新核素

利用兰州重离子加速装置(HIRFL)的SFC加速器引出的能量为165—180MeV的³⁶Ar重离子束,分别轰击⁹²Mo、⁹⁶Ru和¹⁰⁶Cd缺中子同位位素靶,产生了稀土区质子滴线附近的新核素¹²⁵Nd、¹²⁸Pm、¹²⁹Sm、¹³⁷Gd、¹³⁹Dy和¹³⁹Tb.借助高灵敏度的氦喷嘴快速带传输系统和“p–γ”或“X–γ”符合测量方法对它们进行了分离鉴别,确定它们的半衰期分别为(0.60±0.15)s,(1.0±0.3)s,(0.55±0.10)s,(2.2±0.2)s,(0.6±0.2)s和(1.6±0.2)s,并测量了¹²⁵Nd、¹²⁸Pm、¹²⁹Sm、¹³⁷Gd和¹³⁹Dy的β延发质子能谱,指认了能量为109.0和119.7keV的两条γ射线属于¹³⁹Tb的EC/β+衰变.     

中、重质量区新核素的合成

论述了远离稳定线核素合成的科学意义,总结了有关新核素合成研究的国内外概况以及中、重质量区远离稳定线核素的主要产生机制．给出了我国合成的一些新核素的半衰期,并与理论预言值进行了比较．简略地叙述了核反应产物的传输、分离以及新核素的鉴别方法.The importance of synthesis of new nuclei far from stability is concisely recounted. The prograsses on synthesis of the new nuclides and the main methods used for producing new nuclei far from stability in the intermediate and heavy mass region is summarized. The half lives of some new nuclides synthesized in china are compared with those calculated based on the gross theory and the microscopic theory. Some examples for transport and chemical separation of the nuclear reaction products...     

产生医用放射性核素核数据的测量、理论计算与评价

简要介绍已广泛用于临床的^32P,^89Sr,^90Y,^103Pd,^125I,^131I,^137Cs,^153Sm,^186Re,^188Re,^192Ir和具有很大潜在使用可能性的^64Cu,^67Cu,^67Ga,^86Y,^105Rh,^111In,^114mIn,^124I,^149Pm,^166Ho,^169Yb,^177Lu,^211At,^213Bi,^225Ac 26个放射性核素利用反应堆或加速器或衰变的55种不同途径产生的核数据的测量、理论计算及数据可靠性的初步评价,以改善其在诊断和治疗医用中的安全性、有效性和科学性。The nuclear data measurements and preliminary evaluation as well as alculation for established and emerging 26 radionuclides produced in 55 ways by using reactor or accelerator or decay are briefly introduced in order to keep the safety and validity in medical therapeutic applications. The 11 established radionuclides are ^32P,^89Sr,^90Y,^103Pd,^125I,^131I,^137Cs,^153Sm,^186Re,^188Re,^192Ir and the 15 emerging radionuclides are 64Cu,^67Cu,^67Ga,^86Y,^105Rh,^111In,^114mIn,^124I,^149Pm,^166Ho,^169Yb,^177Lu,^211At,^213Bi,^225Ac.     

Comprehensive Analysis of Nanostructure of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels as Prospective Materials for Nuclear Reactors

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The enhanced mechanical properties of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are mainly due to the high density of homogeneously distributed oxide inclusions. It is...     

On-Line Analysis of Power Fluctuations in Reactors with a Weak Source

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - In this paper, approximate and readily amenable algorithms are formulated for solving the stochastic problem for reactors with a weak source as applied to the cases of...     

Revisiting the Choice of a Nuclear Power Source for the Arctic

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The possibility of creating a practically maintenance-free reactor facility with a thermoelectric generator or a Stirling engine with a capacity of 1 to 500 kWe and a...     

Production of Monodisperse Nanoparticles and Application of Discrete-Monodisperse Model in Plasma Reactors

The particle growth in plasma reactor were investigated by using the discrete-monodisperse (D-M) model for various process conditions. The monodisperse large sized particle distribution predicted by the D-M model are in good agreement with the large sized particles by the discrete-sectional model and also in the experiments by Shiratani et al. (1996). Some fractions of the small size particles are in a neutral state or even charged positively, but most of the large sized monodisperse particles are charged negatively. As the mass generation rate of monomers increases, the large sized particles grow more quickly and the production rate of nanoparticles of 100nm by plasma reactor increases. As the initial electron concentration or the monomer diameter increases, it takes longer time for the large sized particles to grow up to 100nm, but the large sized particle concentration of 100nm increases and the resulting production rate of large sized particles of 100nm increases. As the residence time increases, the time for the large sized particles to grow up to 100nm decreases and the large sized particle concentration of 100nm increases and, as a result, the production rate of large sized particles of 100nm increases. We propose that the plasma reactor can be a good candidate to produce monodisperse nanoparticles.     

Advantages of STED-Inspired 3D Direct Laser Writing for Fabrication of Hybrid Nanostructures

We present a new method of additive laser technology referred to as STED nanolithography technique. This technique provides a means for fabrication of 3D dielectric and plasmonic composite nanostructures. The new technology is of the utmost interest for the electronics manufacturing industry, in particular, for formation of specific hybrid (metal–dye) nanostructures, which can be utilized as luminescent markers in biology, medicine, criminalistics, and the trade industry. In the present study, we demonstrate the advantages of STED-inspired nanolithography for fabrication of metallic and hybrid nanostructures. The 3D-scanning setup implemented offers the possibility to form both periodic and aperiodic nanostructured arrays. We show the possibility to decrease substantially the lateral size of the lines formed with the use of STED nanolithography as compared to the direct laser writing (DLW) method. The STED nanolithography technique proposed provides a means for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles in the specified points of the volume of the studied object in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate the synthesis of metallic lines by means of STED nanolithography. Moreover, nanometer spatial precision of positioning of the synthesized nanoobjects is achieved. Therefore, it is possible to obtain significant local enhancement of the emission of luminescent markers (surface enhanced luminescence) at any desired point or area of the sample due to plasmonic enhancement of the electromagnetic fields near the surface of metallic nanostructures.     

Nuclear Power Unit with Molten Salt Fuel for the Arctic

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - A schematic of a low-power nuclear power unit with circulating fuel based on molten metal fluoride salts is considered. The possibility of creating a virtually...     

A Hybrid Data-Differencing and Compression Algorithm for the Automotive Industry

We propose an innovative delta-differencing algorithm that combines software-updating methods with LZ77 data compression. This software-updating method relates to server-side software that creates binary delta files and to client-side software that performs software-update installations. The proposed algorithm creates binary-differencing streams already compressed from an initial phase. We present a software-updating method suitable for OTA software updates and the method’s basic strategies to achieve a better performance in terms of speed, compression ratio or a combination of both. A comparison with publicly available solutions is provided. Our test results show our method, Keops, can outperform an LZMA (Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain-algorithm) based binary differencing solution in terms of compression ratio in two cases by more than 3% while being two to five times faster in decompression. We also prove experimentally that the difference between Keops and other competing delta-creator software increases when larger history buffers are used. In one case, we achieve a three times better performance for a delta rate compared to other competing delta rates.     

Nuclear Physical Properties of Austenitic Nickel and Manganese Steels under Neutron Irradiation in Nuclear Fission (Fast) and Fusion Reactors

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The nuclear physical properties of austenitic chromium-nickel steel EK-164 (Fe–16Cr–19Ni–2Mo–2Mn–Nb–Ti–B) and its...     

Population of Unstable Nuclides and Nuclear Temperature Extraction in 46.7MeV/u 12C Induced Reaction

The experiment results of unstable nucliaes decay by using the light charged particle correlation function obtained in ¹²C 46.7MeV/u+⁵⁸Ni experiment are reported.Under the assumption of statistical equilibrium,the nuclear temperatures are extracted,and the influence of the reaction mechanism on the nuclear temperature are also investigated.     

产生医用放射性核素核数据的测量、 理论计算与评价(续)

简要介绍产生治疗放射性核素 (利用反应堆、 加速器或衰变而产生的26个核素、 61种不同反应途径) 核数据的测量、 理论计算与评价的新进展。 这些核素是: 已广泛用于临床的32P, 89Sr, 90Y, 103Pd,125I,131I, 137Cs, 153Sm,186Re,188Re,192Ir和具有很大潜在使用可能性的64Cu,67Cu,67Ga, 86Y, 105Rh,111In,114mIn,124I, 125I(新),149Pm, 166Ho,169Yb,177Lu,211At,213Bi,225Ac。 61种不同反应途径中有6种新的反应途径。 为提高核医学应用的安全性和有效性, 对现有核数据进行评价与适当能区的理论计算是十分必要的。 The nuclear data measurements and preliminary evaluation as well as theoretical calculation for established and emerging 26 radio nuclides produced in 61 ways by using reactor, accelerator or decay are briefly introduced. The measured data evaluation and theoretical calculation in some energy range are very important in order to keep the safety and validity in medical therapeutic applications. The 11 established radio nuclides are 32P, 89Sr, 90Y, 103Pd,125I,131I, 137Cs, 153Sm,186Re,188Re,192Ir and the 16 emerging radio nuclides are 64Cu,67Cu,67Ga, 86Y, 105Rh,111In,114mIn,124I, 125I(new),149Pm, 166Ho,169Yb,177Lu,211At,213Bi,225Ac.