反应堆中微子实验的基线优化

介绍了在χ2假设检验中引入本底和系统误差的方法，并通过最大化混合角θ13的测量敏感度对反应堆中微子实验的基线长度进行优化. 考察了对基线有影响的几个因素，包括振荡效应，统计误差，系统误差，本底等. 尽管实验条件可能很不相同，最优基线仍可被确定在一个较小的范围内.     

基于实际换热的ORC亚/跨临界综合评价

本文以有机朗肯循环(ORC)跨临界与亚临界工质换热特性最新研究成果为基础,采用热力学指标热源回收(火用)效率,以及经济学中的净现值(NPV)概念,结合换热面积分析,建立了考虑实际换热情况的热力学及经济性模型,更合理、更全面地对亚临界循环与跨临界循环的热力学性能和经济性进行了统一分析,为工程实际中亚临界和跨临界的选择提供...     

Recent Experiments Involving Few-Nucleon Systems

Recent experimental results are presented for reactions involving A = 3 to A = 6 nuclear systems. The emphasis is on unique data obtained at new experimental facilities. It is shown that the inertial confinement fusion facilities OMEGA and NIF provide a largely unexpected opportunity for experimental few-body physics to both obtain data of unprecedented quality and extend previous measurements to energies not accessible in the past. Whenever possible, data are compared to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations.     

Numerical Simulation of Precision Integral Experiments with Multiplying Assemblies of Plutonium and Depleted Uranium

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The results of critical and correlation experiments with a plutonium metal multiplying assembly in a depleted uranium all-round reflector are compared with the results of...     

Simple Systems with Anomalous Dissipation and Energy Cascade

We analyze a class of dynamical systems of the type where f _n (t) is a forcing term with only for and the coupling coefficients c _n satisfy a condition ensuring the formal conservation of energy . Despite being formally conservative, we show that these dynamical systems support dissipative solutions (suitably defined) and, as a result, may admit unique (statistical) steady states when the forcing term f _n (t) is nonzero. This claim is demonstrated via the complete characterization of the solutions of the system above for specific choices of the coupling coefficients c _n . The mechanism of anomalous dissipations is shown to arise via a cascade of the energy towards the modes with higher n; this is responsible for solutions with interesting energy spectra, namely scales as as n→∞. Here the exponents α depend on the coupling coefficients c _n and denotes expectation with respect to the equilibrium measure. This is reminiscent of the conjectured properties of the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in the inviscid limit and their accepted relationship with fully developed turbulence. Hence, these simple models illustrate some of the heuristic ideas that have been advanced to characterize turbulence, similar in that respect to the random passive scalar or random Burgers equation, but even simpler and fully solvable.     

Modified Cascade Synchronization Scheme for Discrete-Time Hyperchaotic Systems

In this paper, the modified cascade synchronization scheme is proposed to investigate the synchronization in discrete-time hyperchaotic systems. By choosing a general kind of proportional scaling error functions and based on rigorous control theory, we take the discrete-time hyperchaotic system due to Wang and 3D generalized Henon map as two examples to achieve the modified cascade synchronization, respectively. Numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

综合性大学普物实验探究式教学初探

为适应综合性大学物理专业研究型人才的培养目标,以实例说明了如何在大学物理实验课堂上贯彻探究式教学思想。列举了气垫转盘实验、弦振动实验课堂中的探究式教学设计。此外,还对现代化教学手段辅助探究式教学进行了阐述。     

基于“Sellmeier公式的光波波长测量”探究性实验设计

设计了基于Sellmeier公式的光波波长测量装置,该装置以起偏器、旋光片、沃拉斯顿棱镜为核心光学器件,结合"光电探测器"和LabVIEW实验程序,实现通过"相对光强",对单色光波长进行较为快速和准确的测量。     

Calibration of ITER Instant Power Neutron Monitors: Recommended Scenario of Experiments at the Reactor

Instant power is a key parameter of the ITER. Its monitoring with an accuracy of a few percent is an urgent and challenging aspect of neutron diagnostics. In a series of works published in Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Series: Thermonuclear Fusion under a common title, the step-by-step neutronics analysis was given to substantiate a calibration technique for the DT and DD modes of the ITER. A Gauss quadrature scheme, optimal for processing “expensive” experiments, is used for numerical integration of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U detector responses to the point sources of 14-MeV neutrons. This approach allows controlling the integration accuracy in relation to the number of coordinate mesh points and thus minimizing the number of irradiations at the given uncertainty of the full monitor response. In the previous works, responses of the divertor and blanket monitors to the isotropic point sources of DT and DD neutrons in the plasma profile and to the models of real sources were calculated within the ITER model using the MCNP code. The neutronics analyses have allowed formulating the basic principles of calibration that are optimal for having the maximum accuracy at the minimum duration of in situ experiments at the reactor. In this work, scenarios of the preliminary and basic experimental ITER runs are suggested on the basis of those principles. It is proposed to calibrate the monitors only with DT neutrons and use correction factors to the DT mode calibration for the DD mode. It is reasonable to perform full calibration only with ²³⁵U chambers and calibrate ²³⁸U chambers by responses of the ²³⁵U chambers during reactor operation (cross-calibration). The divertor monitor can be calibrated using both direct measurement of responses at the Gauss positions of a point source and simplified techniques based on the concepts of equivalent ring sources and inverse response distributions, which will considerably reduce the amount of measurements. It is shown that the monitor based on the average responses of the horizontal and vertical neutron chambers remains spatially stable as the source moves and can be used in addition to the staff monitor at neutron fluxes in the detectors four orders of magnitude lower than on the first wall, where staff detectors are located. Owing to low background, detectors of neutron chambers do not need calibration in the reactor because it is actually determination of the absolute detector efficiency for 14-MeV neutrons, which is a routine out-of-reactor procedure.     

Threshold Field That Separates Domains of Subcritical and Deeply Subcritical Microwave Discharges Ignited on a Dielectric Surface

Technical Physics - Microwave discharges initiated by an electromagnetic (EM) vibrator and ignited on the inner surface of a dielectric tube in a quasi-optical EM beam are experimentally studied. A...     

Preparation and Performance of Irradiation Experiments for Express Analysis of Reactor Structural Materials at Accelerator HIPr

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The paper presents the results of experiments carried out during the preparation of the HIPr accelerator for irradiation of specimens of reactor structural materials in...     

次临界系统处理钚及高放锕系元素的概念研究

对加速器驱动的次临界反应堆处理反应堆级钚和高放锕系废物进行了概念性设计的研究 .建立了以液态铋系合金金属为载热剂的次临界堆芯模型 ,利用 ADVBISON程序对该问题进行了数值计算 ,得到了满意的中子学、燃耗和放射性衰变等结果.Disposition of the reactor plutonium and high level actinides by using accelerator driven subcritical reactor was studied theoretically and the corresponding core model using liquid Bi alloy as the reactor coolant was proposed. The satisfied numerical results of neutronics, burn up and radioactivity were obtained by the ADVBISON code.     

Experiments on clusters

In this contribution we discuss four different types of experiments that have been conducted at molecular beams of neutral clusters. The size of particularly stable sodium chloride clusters and their corresponding geometrical structure is inferred from intensity anomalies in mass spectra. This information is obtained either for charged or for neutral clusters depending on whether the clusters are ionized by electron impact or by multiphoton absorption. The important role of fragmentation in mass spectrometry of xenon clusters is revealed by multiphoton ionization; dissociative reactions occurring on the time scale of 10⁻⁷ s with respect to the ionizing event can be analyzed. The solvation energy of negatively charged carbon dioxide clusters as a function of cluster size is obtained from electron attachment spectra. A resonance in the ion yield close to zero eV electron energy signifies that all clusters except for the monomer feature a positive electron affinity. An analysis of the kinetic energy of fragment ions, originating from delayed dissociation of triply charged carbon dioxide clusters, reveals that the size distribution of their fission fragments is extremely symmetric.     

NaOH溶液表面PARC18自组装手性的变化

具有共轭结构的非手性分子在界面通过自组装能够形成手性超分子,这种自发对称性破缺的过程为解释生命起源提供了线索,相关研究具有重要的科学意义。目前,尽管文献中对于界面手性自组装的机理有了详细的探讨,但对于手性结构的动力学过程缺乏深入的研究。为了阐明界面自组装手性是否会随时间变化,利用二次谐波-线二色谱方法(SHG-LD)研究了偶氮苯衍生物PARC18在气/液界面的超分子自组装手性。结果表明,PARC18在纯水表面形成了手性状态稳定的宏观结构,而在亚相为NaOH溶液时,界面形成的手性结构状态随时间变化。此外,在纯水表面,谐波信号主要源于电偶极矩的贡献,而在NaOH溶液表面,磁偶极距对谐波信号,尤其是手性信号的贡献占主导。推测这是由于在碱性条件下,界面的PARC18分子发生构型异构化,分子中的两个发色团相互耦合,导致手性结构发生变化,同时增强了磁偶极的贡献。     

Research and Development of ITER Bellows Assemblies

In ITER facilities, there are some special expansion joints connected with the openings of cryostat. Expect for the assemblies connected with NB openings, others are rectangular section with big dimensions and severe working conditions and they are important for ITER safe runing.     

The Application of Operator Formalism for Describing Experiments in Multipole Spin Systems under Multipulse Actions

An operator formalism is developed which allows multi-pulse actions on scalar-coupled spin systems with quadrupole nuclei to be analyzed. The formulas describing the evolution of angular-momentum operators under the action of a spin-spin interaction Hamiltonian are derived. The calculation of an NMR-spectrum for scalar-coupled multipole spin systems of the AX (A = 1/2, X = 1, 3/2) and AMX (M = 1, X = 1) types is presented and the polarization transfer processes under multi-pulse action are examined as examples of application of the operator formalism. A series of pulse sequences is proposed which allows individual longitudinal spin orders to be observed.     

Experiments on four-nucleon reactions

The status of experimental evidence on four-nucleon reactions in the range from very low to medium energies (50 MeV) is reviewed. The recent progress of microscopic theories as well as computer capabilities, the renewed interest in astrophysical and the new fusion-energy aspects of the four-nucleon reactions, the emphasis on improved measurements of polarization observables especially at very low energies and on new types of studies such as break-up reactions with polarized projectiles prompt such a survey. The aim is to stimulate interest in the four-nucleon system. It is expected that the four-nucleon system will undergo a development similar to the three-nucleon system as a special testing ground for nuclear forces.     

基于量子级联激光器的红外光谱技术评述

量子级联激光器是一种新型的红外相干光源。利用量子理论与带隙工程,量子级联激光器可实现3 μm到100 μm波长范围内的任意输出波长。由于大多数气体分子的特征光谱都集中在中红外波段,而中红外量子级联激光器具有功率高、线宽窄、扫描速度快等独特的优点,因此,基于量子级联激光器的红外光谱技术已成为气体检测技术的研究热点。尤其是,近年来室温激光器性能得到不断的完善,输出功率和电光转换效率得到了极大的提高,这在很大程度上推动了红外激光光谱技术的迅速发展。本文根据工作原理,分别介绍了基于直接吸收谱检测、相位调制光谱检测、光声调制光谱检测和法拉第旋光效应光谱检测的量子级联激光器红外光谱检测技术,并对其实现方法和应用情况进行了介绍。