Aromatization ofn-butane over Ni-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts prepared by using Ni and Cu impregnated silica, fiber

The reaction ofn-butane aromatization was carried out over Ni-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts prepared by using Ni and Cu impregnated silica fiber during the process of ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis. The catalysts prepared were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and X-ray fluorescency. The acidic properties of the catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia using a mass spectrometer equipped with a QTMD detector. The effect of catalyst pretreatment, reaction temperature, and time on stream on the reaction ofn-butane to aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated. The modification of ZSM-5 by Ni and Cu increased the selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons. The state of Ni and Cu and their stabilization in the ZSM-5 structure was highly influenced by the mode of catalyst pretreatments.     

Synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid and 5-trifluoromethyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid

The target folate analogue 5-trifluoromethyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid has been elaborated in a seven-step reaction sequence beginning with 2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile. The bridge-reversed isomer 5-trifluoromethyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid was prepared in six steps using the common intermediate 2,6-diamino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-trifluoromethylquinazoline. The key intermediate 2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-trifluoromethyl-quinazoline was prepared using two distinct synthetic routes and the resulting products were found to be identical.     

Propane Aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 Catalysts

Impregnation, mechanical mixing and hydrothermal treatment methods were used to introduce molybdenum species into the HZSM-5 zeolite. The structure and surface acidity of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, TPR and XPS. The effects of Mo content and reaction time on stream on the aromatization of propane were investigated. It was found that the performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal treatment method was much better than that of the other two catalysts. For example, under the reaction conditions of 823 K and 600 h-1, propane conversion and aromatics selectivity over the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment could reach 89.17% and 78.56%, respectively. XRD and XPS results showed that the Mo species in the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal treatment were highly dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5, and larger amounts of them could penetrate into the HZSM-5 channel, as compared with the other two kinds of catalysts. These factors may be responsi     

低温晶化对B-ZSM-5和Ti-ZSM-5物化性能的影响

 以改进方法合成的B-ZSM-5分子筛为母体,采用气固相法合成了Ti-ZSM-5分子筛,并以XRD,FT-IR,UV-Vis,XRF,SEM,ICP-AES和MAS NMR等手段对B-ZSM-5和Ti-ZSM-5进行了表征,考察了Ti-ZSM-5对苯酚羟基化反应的催化性能. 结果表明,合成B-ZSM-5时的前期低温晶化有助于晶粒的减小; 以其为母体制备的Ti-ZSM-5对苯酚羟基化反应具有优异的催化性能. 在n(PhOH)/n(H2O2)=3,n(Me2CO)/n(PhOH)=2.7,m(cat)/m(PhOH)=5%,T=353 K和t=6 h的反应条件下,苯酚转化率可达20%以上.     

铜掺杂五氧化二钒的制备及电化学性质

采用沉淀法于300 和600 ℃制备了结晶状的Cu0.04V2O5材料. 扫描电镜显示, 300 ℃时制备的样品具有多孔特征, 而600 ℃时制备的样品具有很高的结晶度. X射线研究表明, 少量铜掺杂不会改变V2O5的正交晶体结构. 红外光谱研究表明, 300 ℃时制备的Cu0.04V2O5样品含有少量水. 热失重分析确定了样品中所含水分是以吸附水的形式存在, 1 mol材料分子吸附水的摩尔数约为0.18 mol. 铜掺杂显著改善了V2O5的结构稳定性, 进而提高了材料的充放电循环性能. 于600 ℃制备的样品在C/5.6倍率下具有160 mAh·g-1的可逆比容量, 但提高放电倍率明显降低了材料的循环性能. 于300 ℃制备的样品在C/5.6倍率时的循环性能不如600 ℃样品, 但该材料在C/1.9倍率时仍具有100 mAh·g-1左右的可逆比容量. 两种材料在电化学性能上的差异与材料的微结构有关. 低温样品在较高放电倍率时良好的循环性能得益于其多孔的微结构, 而高温样品由于其较高的结晶度而表现出优异的低倍率充放电性能.     

Further evaluation of 5-alkyl-5-deaza antifolates. 5-propyl- and 5-butyl-5-deaza analogues of aminopterin and methotrexate

5-Propyl-5-deaza and 5-butyl-5-deaza analogues of classical antifolates were synthesized by extensions of a previously reported general route which proceeds through 2,4-diamino-5-alkylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile intermediates followed by reductive condensation with diethyl N-4-(aminobenzoyl)-L-glutarnate to give diethyl esters of 5-alkyl-5-deazaaminopterin types. N¹⁰-Methyl derivatives, i.e., derivatives of 5-alkyl-5-deazamethotrexate, were also prepared by reductive methylation of the N¹⁰-H compounds. 5-Ethyl-5-deazamethotrexate was prepared using an alternative route through 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-diamino-5-ethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine. These antifolates were evaluated for inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L1210 cells, their effect on L1210 and S180 tumor cell growth in culture, and carrier-mediated transport through L1210 cell membranes. Inhibitory effect on DHFR was lowered relative to methotrexate in 5-propyl-5-deazaaminopterin and 5-propyl-5-deazamethotrexate by 2- to 3-fold (K_i = 9.3 and 11.7 pM, respectively, vs. 4.3 pM for methotrexate) and by 17- to 18-fold in 5-butyl-5-deaza-aminopterin and 5-butyl-5-deazamethotrexate (K_i = 74 and 78 pM, respectively). Molecular modeling using graphics derived from human DHFR show the propyl and butyl compounds interacting with the enzyme in conformations that account for these slight decreases in binding.     

Propane Aromatization over Mo／HZSM—5 Catalysts

Impregnation,mechanical mixing and hydrothermal treatment methods were used to introduce molybdenum species into the HZSM-5 zeolite ,the structure and surface acidity of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD,FT-IR ,NH3-TPD,TPR and XPS,The effects of Mo content and reaction time on stream on the aromatization of propane were investigated,It was found that the performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalst prepared by the hydrothermal treatment method was much better than that of the other two catalysts,For example ,under the reaction conditions of 823 K and 600h^-1, propance conversion and aromatics selectivity over the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment could reach 89.17% and 78.56%,respectively,XRD and XPS results showed that the Mo species in the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal treatment were highly dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5,and lartger amounts of them could penetrate into the HZSM-5 channel ,as compared with the other two kinds of catalysts,These factors may be responsibled for their high activities for propane aromatization,IR and NH3-TPD studies indicated that the number of Broensted acid centers decreased and the Lewis acid centers increased after Mo was introduced into the HZSM-5 zeolite.     

一步处理法制备高水热稳定多级孔ZSM-5分子筛

ZSM-5具有较高的催化活性和独特的择形选择性,因而被广泛用于精细化工和石油炼制等工业过程.但其较小的孔道尺寸导致其在反应中尤其在催化过程中的传质受到影响,从而严重影响催化剂寿命.为了解决反应过程中分子筛中底物及产物的扩散限制问题,近年来关于介微孔复合多级孔道分子筛的研究在分子筛合成领域引起了广泛兴趣,并取得一定进展.但直接合成法存在成本及复杂性问题,因此在量产的分子筛上进行后改性引入介孔表现出明显优势.在这一大类处理过程中,碱处理造介孔因成本低以及可操作性较高而备受青睐.但由于脱硅所形成的介孔往往无序,稳定性较差,因此提高其水热稳定性具有重要意义.文献已有较多报道通过磷元素修饰抑制分子筛在水热环境中脱铝,从而提高分子筛骨架稳定性.但传统的磷元素修饰一般采用后续浸渍法,过程繁琐.本课题组开发了一步法后处理制备高水热稳定多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,将脱硅过程与磷引入过程相结合,以四乙基氢氧化磷(TEPOH)为磷源,直接处理微孔分子筛得到含磷的多级孔分子筛.相比于传统的分子筛磷修饰过程,该磷物种在处理中优先交换分子筛骨架上铝原子附近用来平衡电荷的钠离子,从而增加了磷物种与铝物种相互作用的可能性,提高了稳化骨架的效果.基于此,本文利用氮吸附-脱附、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)以及27Al和31P固体核磁(NMR)等一系列表征技术,证明该一步后处理法对分子筛催化性能的作用.SEM和XRD结果表明,分子筛在进行各种处理前后,相对结晶度和分子筛形貌变化不大,说明大部分微孔得到保留.TEM测试表明,经过该一步后处理法得到的分子筛实现了介孔的引入,介孔孔径在10–20 nm.元素分析结果表明,几乎所有的磷源物质在该过程中被引入到分子筛上,实现了介孔和磷物种的同时引入.NH3-TPD测试表明,含磷分子筛在老化前后较无磷分子筛具有更高的酸性位密度保留度,说明磷元素对分子筛上的酸性位起到了稳化作用.孔结构特性数据不仅说明了脱硅过程中成功引入介孔,而且含磷分子筛老化前后的介孔特性数据保留度明显高于无磷样品,实现了磷元素对介孔结构的稳化作用.27Al和31P NMR结果从理论上证明了该样品上磷元素对抑制骨架脱铝的稳化效应,证实了分子筛在处理后水热稳定性的提高.基于前期的研究工作,本文完善了磷元素对分子筛稳化作用的机理过程.TEPBr在水热活化过程中转变成磷酸盐,并修饰分子筛的骨架铝以及部分难以避免的非骨架铝.该过程中形成的磷铝物种在后续的水热老化过程中进一步修饰分子筛骨架铝,使骨架铝得到稳化.而在脱硅过程中存在的"反插铝"过程往往使大部分骨架铝位于介孔孔道中,磷元素与铝元素的相互作用同时也对介孔进行了稳化.通过正辛烯和1,3,5-三异丙苯的裂化测试发现,处理后的分子筛由于其优化后的孔道性能和酸性性质,大大提高了底物分子的转化率以及其自身的容碳能力,从而延长了催化寿命.     

A buckybowl with a lot of potential: C5-C20H5(CF3)5

Lots of potential: a trifluoromethylated corannulene, C(5)-C(20)H(5)(CF(3))(5), has been prepared and characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography. The structure exhibits a highly ordered bowl stacking that is unusual for corannulenes with acyclic substituents. The first reduction of C(5)-C(20)H(5)(CF(3))(5) is anodically shifted by 0.95 V, making it the strongest corannulene-based electron acceptor to date.     

Formulation and Evaluation of 5-FU Loaded Eudragit Microspheres: Effect of Various Eudragit on Micromeretic Properties of Microspheres

The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate microspheres of Eudragit (RS, RL and RSPO) containing an anticancer drug 5-FU. Microspheres were prepared by O/O solvent evaporation method using a acetone/liquid paraffin system. Magnesium stearate was used as the droplet stabilizer and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their micromeretic properties and entrapment efficiency; as well by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the crystalline nature of drug in a final state. The in vitro release studies were performed in a Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) pH 7.4. The best fit release kinetics was achieved with a Higuchi plot. The yields of preparation and entrapment efficiencies were very high with a larger particle size for all the formulations. Mean particle size, entrapment efficiency and production yield were highly influenced by the type of polymer and polymer concentration. It is concluded from the present investigation that various Eudragit are promising controlled release carriers for 5-FU.     

Ru/ZSM-5催化葡萄糖选择性加氢制备山梨醇(英)

采用无有机模板剂一步法制备了Ru/ZSM-5催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-程序升温脱附和CO₂-程序升温脱附、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征.考察了反应温度、钌负载量和催化剂重复利用等因素对Ru/ZSM-5上葡萄糖加氢反应性能的影响,并与浸渍法制备的Ru/ZSM-5催化剂进行了对比.结果表明,与传统浸渍法相比,一步法制备的Ru/ZSM-5催化剂钌粒子具有更高的分散性和稳定性.在120℃和4 MPa的温和反应条件下,葡萄糖接近完全转化,山梨醇选择性高达99.2%,催化剂可重复利用5次,仍保持较高活性.     

过渡金属对分子筛担载Pd催化剂上CO氧化性能影响

分别采用共浸和连续浸渍法制备了一系列添加过渡金属的Pd-M-Ox-NaZSM-5(M=Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，Mo，Zr等)负载型催化剂．以CO氧化为探针反应，考察了不同制备方法对CO氧化性能影响，结果表明共浸法制备的各催化剂其活性明显优于连续浸渍法．详细考察了反应温度、Fe含量、氢气预还原、空速以及水蒸气等对共浸Pd-Fe-Ox-NaZSM-5催化剂上CO氧化行为影响，并应用XRD和XPS等手段对催化剂体相结构和表面状态进行了表征．结果表明：加入Fe2O3可明显提高Pd/NaZSM-5催化剂活性，且催化CO氧化的转化率随反应温度及Fe含量增加而增加；空速增加以及H2预还原作用导致Pd-Fe-Ox-NaZSM-5活性有所降低；催化剂对水蒸气较为敏感．XRD测试结果表明催化剂中Pd组分处于较高分散状态，以红铁矿形式存在的Fe2O3的引入，促进了Pd物种在NaZSM-5载体上的分散．表面XPS分析证实Fe2O3与Pd物种间存在较强的相互协同作用，且催化剂表面Pd物种处于较高氧化状态．Pd的高分散及其与Fe2O3的相互协同作用是共浸催化剂具有高活性的关键因素．     

Bis-8-hydroxyquinoline-armed diazatrithia-15-crown-5 and diazatrithia-16-crown-5 ligands: possible fluorophoric metal ion sensors.

The synthesis and preliminary photophysical properties of a series of diazatrithia-15-crown-5 and diazatrithia-16-crown-5 ligands containing two 8-hydroxyquinoline sidearms are reported. The ligands were prepared by a two-step process. First, diazatrithiacrown ethers 11 and 12 were prepared by treating bis(alpha-chloroamide) 5 with various dimercaptans followed by reduction using a boron-THF complex. Hydroxymethyl-substituted macrocycle 12 was rearranged to hydroxy-substituted diazatrithia-16-crown-5 in refluxing aqueous HCl. Macrocyclic diamines 11-13 were converted to either 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinolin-7-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 14-16 by a Mannich aminomethylation reaction or to 8-hydroxyquinolin-2-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 17-19 by reductive amination using 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde. Preliminary photophysical studies show that ligands 16 and 19 exhibit increased fluorescence in the presence of Zn(2+), indicating that these ligands could be chemical sensors for Zn(2+).     

One-pot,microwave-assisted synthesis of polymethylene-bridged bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) and their tautomerism

A highly selective and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,3′(5,5′)-polymethylene-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) was developed using the reaction of dicarboxylic acids and aminoguanidine in an aqueous medium. This one-pot, microwave-promoted method was proved to be scalable affording the desired products in good yields and purity. The scope of the method was successfully explored by the preparation of a small library of polymethylene-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(3)-amines) with different alkyl chain linkers. The annular prototropic tautomerism in the prepared compounds was studied using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis of various 5-arylsubstituted cytosines

Some Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions have been evaluated for the synthesis of 5-substituted cytosines. A large number of 5-arylcytosines were prepared in good yields by using 2,4-O,N-bis-trimethylsilyl-5-iodocytosine with various aryl tin compounds. The use of trimethylsilyl groups proved to be essential for the reaction, attempted coupling of 5-iodocytosine and 2-trimethylstannylthiazole was not successful. One convenient alternative, which unfortunately was not successful, would have been to reverse the coupling functionalities and couple commercial arylhalides with 5-trimethylstannyl- or 5-tributylstannyl-derivatives or the corresponding 2,4-O,N-bis-trialkylsilylcytosines.     

低温晶化温度对B-ZSM-5及Ti-ZSM-5物理化学性质的影响

采用变温晶化方法, 通过改变低温段晶化温度, 水热合成B-ZSM-5沸石. 以B-ZSM-5沸石为母体, 经脱硼处理后, 与TiCl4进行气固相取代反应制得Ti-ZSM-5样品. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、拉曼光谱、N2吸附-脱附及1,2,4-三甲苯物理吸附等手段对其进行了表征, 并考察了Ti-ZSM-5样品在苯酚羟基化反应中的性能. 结果表明, 合成的母体均为长方体颗粒的聚集体且具有完整的MFI拓扑结构, 但其聚集体颗粒大小、载钛量、孔容及比表面积却存在明显差异; 低温晶化最佳温度为333-353 K, 以此条件下合成出以B-ZSM-5为母体制得的Ti-ZSM-5具有更小的颗粒尺寸、较大的孔容及比表面积, 在苯酚羟基化反应中表现出更加优异的催化性能. 在苯酚与过氧化氢的摩尔比为3的条件下, 苯酚转化率最高可达到20.5%.     

Versatile assembly of 5-aminothiazoles based on the Ugi four-component coupling

A flexible route to novel 5-aminothiazoles has been developed based on cyclisation of diamide adducts, prepared using the Ugi reaction, in the presence of Lawesson’s reagent. The Walborsky reagent (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl isocyanide) was used as the isonitrile component, facilitating subsequent deprotection of the N-alkyl group to yield free 5-aminothiazoles, which were prepared with a variety of substituents at the 2- and 4-positions.     

1,3-二(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-四氢咪唑基-苯亚甲基-二吡啶基-二氯合钌化合物的合成

设计了由1,3-二(2,6-二甲基苯基)-2-四氢咪唑基-苯亚甲基-三苯基膦-二氯合钌(7)和吡啶反应生成无膦型金属钌卡宾化合物1,3-二(2,6-二甲苯基)-2-四氢咪唑基-苯亚甲基-2-吡啶基-二氯合钌(8),8作为高效催化剂用于丙烯腈和烯丙基苯的交叉交互置换反应.新化合物7,8经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和高分辨率质谱予以证实.     

Synthesis of 5-hydroxyquinolines

A series of 5-hydroxyquinolines has been prepared via the Skraup reaction. Several regioisomers were made either by selective displacement of a leaving group or by using a bromo substituent as a blocking group. The bromo group was found to be an excellent blocking group due to its stability during the Skraup reaction and easy removal thereafter. Halides at the 5-position of quinoline were found to be much more reactive than those at the 7- and 8-positions. Finally, we have also found a unique method to reduce the pyridyl ring on quinolines, leaving a halogen substituent untouched.     

Convergent and enantioselective syntheses of both enantiomers of (5Z)-tetradecen-4-olide,scarab beetle pheromones

Japonilure and its enantiomer, that is, (R)-(−)- and (S)-(+)-(5Z)-tetradecen-4-olide, have been synthesised in satisfactory overall yields using a highly convergent procedure. In situ prepared 1-decynylethylzinc was enantioselectively coupled to isopropyl 4-oxobutanoate in the presence of (S)- or (R)-BINOL. The alkoxy-ester intermediates obtained were cyclised to the corresponding substituted γ-lactones, carrying a triple bond in the side chain. Lindlar-hydrogenation of the latter yielded the target compounds.