Fun and frustration with Calogero model

We review some algebraical (oscillator) aspects of N-body single-species and multispecies Calogero models in one dimension. We treat them as a particular cases of deformed harmonic oscillators and discuss the corresponding Fock spaces. Presented at the International Colloquium “Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries”, Prague, 16–18 June 2005.     

Multicenter Higgs oscillators and Calogero model

We show that the spherical part of N-particle Calogero model describes, after exclusion of the center of mass, the motion of the particle on (N − 2)-dimensional sphere interacting with N(N − 1)/2 force centers with Higgs oscillator potential. In the case of four-particle system these force centers are located at the vertexes of cuboctahedron. The geometry of the five-particle case is also investigated.     

Quantum hydrodynamics, the quantum benjamin-ono equation, and the Calogero model

Collective field theory for the Calogero model represents particles with fractional statistics in terms of hydrodynamic modes--density and velocity fields. We show that the quantum hydrodynamics of this model can be written as a single evolution equation on a real holomorphic Bose field--the quantum integrable Benjamin-Ono equation. It renders tools of integrable systems to studies of nonlinear dynamics of 1D quantum liquids.     

Deformed Heisenberg algebras, a Fock-space representation and the Calogero model

We describe generally deformed Heisenberg algebras in one dimension. The condition for a generalized Leibniz rule is obtained and solved. We analyze conditions under which deformed quantum-mechanical problems have a Fock-space representation. One solution of these conditions leads to a q-deformed oscillator already studied by Lorek et al., and reduces to the harmonic oscillator only in the infinite-momentum frame. The other solution leads to the Calogero model in ordinary quantum mechanics, but reduces to the harmonic oscillator in the absence of deformation. Received: 27 April 2000 / Published online: 8 September 2000     

π-N scattering in the operator droplet model

π-N scattering is treated within the framework of the operator droplet model. We have incorporated spin dependent effects, and we calculate the differential cross section, polarization and spin rotation parameters, R and A, at infinite energy. Considerable structures in R and A have been found in contrast with the prediction of the present favourite idea of S-channel helicity conservation for high-energy scattering. The original parametrization of the fit of Byers and Yang for π⁻p → π^On is used to calculate energy dependent amplitudes in elastic πN scattering. Without any new parameters, we have obtained a good fit for total cross sections, polarization and a consistent fit for the R- and A-parameters. Further possible developments are indicated.     

Permutation invariant algebras, a Fock space realization and the Calogero model

We study permutation invariant oscillator algebras and their Fock space representations using three equivalent techniques, i.e. (i) a normally ordered expansion in creation and annihilation operators, (ii) the action of annihilation operators on monomial states in Fock space and (iii) Gram matrices of inner products in Fock space. We separately discuss permutation invariant algebras which possess hermitean number operators and permutation invariant algebras which possess non-hermitean number operators. The results of a general analysis are applied to the -extended Heisenberg algebra, underlying the M-body Calogero model. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of Gram matrices for the Calogero model. We discuss their structure, eigenvalues and eigenstates. We obtain a general condition for positivity of eigenvalues, meaning that all norms of states in Fock space are positive if this condition is satisfied. We find a universal critical point at which the reduction of the physical degrees of freedom occurs. We construct dual operators, leading to the ordinary Heisenberg algebra of free Bose oscillators. From the Fock-space point of view, we briefly discuss the existence of a mapping from the Calogero oscillators to the free Bose oscillators and vice versa. Received: 26 July 2001 / Revised version: 9 January 2002 / Published online: 12 April 2002     

Density waves in the Calogero model - revisited

The Calogero model bears, in the continuum limit, collective excitations in the form of density waves and solitary modulations of the density of particles. This sector of the spectrum of the model was investigated, mostly within the framework of collective-field theory, by several authors, over the past 15 years or so. In this work we shall concentrate on periodic solutions of the collective BPS-equation (also known as “finite amplitude density waves”), as well as on periodic solutions of the full static variational equations which vanish periodically (also known as “large amplitude density waves”). While these solutions are not new, we feel that our analysis and presentation add to the existing literature, as we explain in the text. In addition, we show that these solutions also occur in a certain two-family generalization of the Calogero model, at special points in parameter space. A compendium of useful identities associated with Hilbert transforms, including our own proofs of these identities, appears in Appendix A. In Appendix B we also elucidate in the present paper some fine points having to do with manipulating Hilbert-transforms, which appear ubiquitously in the collective field formalism. Finally, in order to make this paper self-contained, we briefly summarize in Appendix C basic facts about the collective field formulation of the Calogero model.     

Quantization and conformal properties of a generalized Calogero model

We analyze a generalization of the quantum Calogero model with the underlying conformal symmetry, paying special attention to the two-body model deformation. Owing to the underlying SU(1,1) symmetry, we find that the analytic solutions of this model can be described within the scope of the Bargmann representation analysis, and we investigate its dynamical structure by constructing the corresponding Fock space realization. The analysis from the standpoint of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM), when applied to this problem, reveals that the model is also shape invariant. For a certain range of the system parameters, the two-body generalization of the Calogero model is shown to admit a one-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions, leading to inequivalent quantizations of the system. PACS 02.30.Ik; 03.65.Fd; 03.65.-w     

Analyticity and integrability in the chiral Potts model

We study the perturbation theory for the general nonintegrable chiral Potts model depending on two chiral angles and a strength parameter and show how the analyticity of the ground-state energy and correlation functions dramatically increases when the angles and the strength parameter satisfy the integrability condition. We further specialize to the superintegrable case and verify that a sum rule is obeyed.     

Collective field formulation of the multi-species Calogero model and its duality symmetries

We study the collective field formulation of a restricted form of the multi-species Calogero model, in which the three-body interactions are set to zero. We show that the resulting collective field theory is invariant under certain duality transformations, which interchange, among other things, particles and antiparticles, and thus generalize the well known strong-weak coupling duality symmetry of the ordinary Calogero model. We identify all these dualities, which form an Abelian group, and study their consequences. We also study the ground state and small fluctuations around it in detail, starting with the two-species model, and then generalizing to an arbitrary number of species.     

3N scattering in a three-dimensional operator formulation

A recently developed formulation for a direct treatment of the equations for two- and three-nucleon bound states as set of coupled equations of scalar functions depending only on vector momenta is extended to three-nucleon scattering. Starting from the spin-momentum dependence occurring as scalar products in two- and three-nucleon forces together with other scalar functions, we present the Faddeev multiple scattering series in which order by order the spin degrees can be treated analytically leading to 3D integrations over scalar functions depending on momentum vectors only. Such formulation is especially important in view of awaiting extension of 3N Faddeev calculations to projectile energies above the pion production threshold and applications of chiral perturbation theory 3N forces, which are to be most efficiently treated directly in such three-dimensional formulation without having to expand these forces into a partial-wave basis.     

Dynamics and integrability property of the chiral string model

The effect of fermionic string conductivity by purely right (or purely left) moving “zero modes” is shown to be governed by a simple Lagrangian characterizing a certain “chiral” (null current carrying) string model whose dynamical equations of motion turn out to be explicitly integrable in a flat spacetime background.     

Quantum phase transitions in the interacting boson model: integrability, level repulsion, and level crossing

We study the quantum phase transition mechanisms that arise in the interacting boson model. We show that the second-order nature of the phase transition from U(5) to O(6) may be attributed to quantum integrability, whereas all the first-order phase transitions of the model are due to level repulsion with one singular point of level crossing. We propose a model Hamiltonian with a true first-order phase transition for finite systems due to level crossings.     

Exploiting the time-reversal operator for adaptive optics, selective focusing, and scattering pattern analysis

We report on the experimental measurement of the backscattering matrix of a weakly scattering medium in optics, composed of a few dispersed gold nanobeads. The decomposition of the time-reversal operator is applied to this matrix and we demonstrate selective and efficient focusing on individual scatterers, even through an aberrating layer. Moreover, we show that this approach provides the decomposition of the scattering pattern of a single nanoparticle. These results open important perspectives for optical imaging, characterization, and selective excitation of nanoparticles.     

Distortion operator approach and [N, 1] Padé sequence in nonrelativistic scattering theory

A brief account of the scattering theory using the so called distortion operator is given. The Neumann series for a matrix element of the distortion operator is proved to imply the [N, 1] Padé sequence for the transition matrix element. As a consequence a region of convergence of the [N, 1] Padé sequence is found.     

重力场,运动积分与可积性

讨论了重力场中质点系统的运动积分及其中的Runge-Lenz型运动积分与分离变量方法中分离系数之间的关系,也讨论了系统的可积性以及它与运动积分之间的关系等问题.     

Hadron polarization operator in superrenormalizable model

The paper studies the hadron polarization operator in the model in the rainbow approximation. With the assumption of a nonzero mass of the exchange particle an expression free of infrared and ultraviolet divergences is obtained for the polarization operator.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 50–54, November, 1979.The authors express their profound gratitude to V. Ya. Fainberg for his discussion of the results.