Prevalence of the Ordinary Mode in Microwave Radio Emission from Solar Active Regions

We propose an interpretation of some observations of the ordinary (o) mode in the microwave emission of slowly-varying (s) radio sources associated with active regions in the solar atmosphere. As a rule, the extraordinary (e) mode dominates in the s-component, which is fully explained by the generally accepted theory of its origin. This theory is based on the cyclotron and bremsstrahlung mechanisms of radiation of thermal electrons in an inhomogeneous plasma of the solar atmosphere above sunspots, where the magnetic field decreases and the kinetic temperature increases with height. It is shown in this work that the prevalence of the ordinary mode is due most probably to the presence of a region with a negative gradient of the kinetic temperature in the atmosphere above the sunspot. We analyze the qualitative frequency dependences of the brightness temperature and polarization of the radiation of a hot and cold (compared to the ambient plasma) filament in the s-component source, as well as the possible reasons for the polarization reversal at a certain frequency. Special attention is paid to the active region NOAA 4741 with the unipolar sunspot described in [1, 2]. Criteria permitting one to judge which of two effects (linear wave coupling or presence of a region with a negative temperature gradient) is responsible for the o-mode in the s-component are discussed.     

重复频率X波段类周期加载微波腔的实验研究

在CHP-01加速器上对我所提出的X波段类周期加载微波腔进行了实验研究. 在实验中,首先对加速器进行了调试,使其能够稳定运行;然后对磁场、电压等参数与微波输出的关系进行了研究; 最后在二极管电压约为790kV、电流约为6.7kA时得到了微波输出功率为1.4GW、微波频率为9.4GHz、微波脉宽为30ns、束波转换效率为26%的实验结果.     

宽波段太阳辐照度仪光谱定标方法研究

宽波段太阳辐照度仪采用fèry棱镜分光,利用线阵CCD反馈控制光谱扫描,波长覆盖范围为400~2 500nm.为实现该仪器的高准确度光谱定标,在实验室内利用单波长激光器和OPO激光器分别作为光源.通过光谱扫描,得出定标波长与CCD像元的对应关系.根据棱镜参量和光路设计参量推导出全波段内光谱定标方程,实现全波段光谱定标.通过与其他特征波长比较,分析得出光谱定标合成不确定度优于0.5nm.用定标好的仪器进行室外测量,将测量结果与大气辐射传输软件modtran4模拟结果相比对,可得实际测量的大气吸收峰与模拟结果一致.将该方法在红外波长区域定标结果与传统的多项式拟合光谱定标方法对比,显示该定标结果优于传统多项式拟合方法.证明该定标方法的正确性和仪器设计的合理性.     

太阳射电爆发中纤维精细结构频漂率的计算

太阳射电爆发中观测到的纤维精细结构携带着爆发初期磁场活动的小尺度信息.对原始的纤维结构观测资料进行算法处理,分析纤维结构的重要特征———频率漂移率.利用小波变换提取宁静太阳背景信息,用原始频谱图减去背景并经过阈值处理,纤维结构被很好地分离出来,然后在每个通道上找出构成纤维结构的连续片断,利用三次样条插值法对每个连续片断拟合其时间-强度关系,确定最大强度对应的时间,用线性回归方法计算纤维结构的频漂率.对2002年4月21日的一组纤维结构事件进行计算,得出其平均频漂率在-0.041 0~-0.013 8 GHz.s-1之间.     

微波段左手材料光子晶体带隙特性研究

利用电磁理论和传输矩阵法仿真得到了在0.3~6.935GHz微波波段具有负折射率的左手材料,并分别对右手材料和左手材料构成的光子晶体带隙特点进行了分析.结果表明:右手材料光子晶体结构的带隙对周期数变化不敏感,而对层厚度比、入射角度变化敏感;左手材料光子晶体带隙随层厚度比的增大,带隙位置出现蓝移,随着入射角度的增大,TM波主带隙的上带边会出现红移,而TE波带隙特性对入射角度变化不敏感.研究结果对微波技术中全方位反射器等器件的设计有一定的参考意义.     

Reconstruction of Radio Images of the Sun Obtained by the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope

Reconstruction of radio images of the Sun obtained by the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) encounters two main problems. First, since the solar radio images at a wavelength of 5.2 cm have a high contrast, the amplitude–phase distribution in the antenna–feeder section should be known with a very high accuracy. Second, since such images comprise not only bright compact components but also low-contrast diffuse areas, there is a problem of deconvolution of these diffuse sources, which is inherent to the CLEAN algorithm. To solve the first problem, we determine the amplitude–phase distortions by an iterative analysis of the image itself, in which the opposite sidelobes of the point-source response are compared. To suppress the influence of other sources on the response, we analyze several compact sources. The phase distortions are determined from the asymmetry of the sidelobes, and the amplitude distortions, from sidelobe values. The image is corrected in the spatial-spectrum domain after each iteration. On the one hand, the problems encountered when reconstructing extended sources are related to the fact that the CLEAN algorithm requires significant computer resources. On the other hand, reconstructing images of extended areas requires that the number of cycles of this algorithm should be increased. Another problem consists in the fact that the use of the same clean antenna pattern for reconstructing compact and extended sources results in appearance of high-frequency distortions of the latter sources. If the CLEAN algorithm is applied, then the computer resources are mainly spent to shift the pattern and to find the maximum of the initial image. We decrease the time necessary for shifting the pattern by excluding the points near the zero value from the antenna-pattern data set and by sorting the remaining data points. The time of finding the maximum was decreased by using a local search window. In addition, we use a number of cutoff levels and search the next maximum in the whole image only after reconstructing the windowed image down to the current cut level. To reconstruct bright compact sources, we use the clean antenna pattern close to the ideal pattern. To reconstruct low-contrast diffuse areas, we use the model patterns obtained by convolving the antenna pattern with the images of extended sources.     

Dielectric-Based Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Metamaterial in the Microwave Band

An electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial (EITM) based on dielectric resonators is presented in this paper, which consists of a cut wire (CW) and ten dielectric columns. Destructive interference between the CW, which is a branch of the microstrip line, and the dielectric resonators causes the EIT phenomenon. The simulation results show that the dielectric-based EITM designed can obtain a transmission peak of 0.938 at 2.17 GHz, and the two-oscillator model is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the structure. In addition, samples of the dielectric-based EITM are also fabricated and the effectiveness of the metamaterial is experimentally verified. The proposed metamaterial has several advantages, including high efficiency, low loss, a simple structure, and ease of manufacture, which has good prospects for application in the fields of electromagnetic switches, sensors, and nonlinear metamaterials.     

Designing High Dynamic Range Microwave Photonic Links for Radio Applications

A tutorial review to design high-performance microwave photonic links is presented. The link performance is analyzed in detail in terms of the link gain, noise figure, and dynamic range. The two-port microwave network is used to model fiber optic links, which takes full advantage of microwave circuit analysis. We have also examined and compared several kinds of noise suppression techniques on the basis of balanced and/or carrier filtering schemes to achieve maximum dynamic range.     

大天顶角的到达角起伏

基于修正Kolmogorov谱,运用相位结构函数的平方近似,导出了适用于大天顶角传输的到达角起伏方差及其功率谱的解析表达式.研究结果表明,新导出的方差表达式在任意天顶角都是适用的.散射盘尺度和接收孔径对到达角起伏起平滑作用,当接收孔径远大于散射盘尺度时,由于孔径平滑作用,导出的表达式在任意天顶角都可以近似为弱起伏理论给出的结果;当接收孔径小于散射盘尺度时,散射盘尺度的平滑作用明显,接收孔径的平滑作用相对较小,传统的到达角起伏理论仅在小天顶角是适用的,在大天顶角必须用新导出的方差表达式.当接收孔径D<25 cm时,弱起伏理论给出的表达式的适用范围被限制在小于50°~70°的天顶角内.     

微波退火对聚合物太阳能电池性能的提高

利用微波对基于poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)和 -phenyl-C61-buytyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) 的体异质结太阳能电池进行退火处理,提高了器件的效率。使用的微波频率为2.45 GHz,当处理时间为10 min时,获得的短路电流为9.13 mA/cm²,开路电压为0.63 V,能量转化效率为3.21%,其性能参数完全可以与普通真空干燥箱退火相比拟。研究了微波对活性层的作用,从微波退火处理后的UV-Vis吸收谱和SEM图发现,微波退火主要改善了活性层的粗糙度,提高了相分离程度,有利于激子在界面处的解离和载流子的传输。     

相对论重离子碰撞中逐事件横动量起伏的蒙特卡洛研究

用蒙特卡罗模型研究了相对论重离子碰撞中逐事件横动量起伏与多重数的关联, 发现蒙特卡罗产生器,HIJING,不能描述实验现象. 提出了一个简单的蒙特卡罗模型, 可以与实验一致, 有助于理解逐事件横动量起伏与多重数关联的动力学起源.     

微波矩孔衍射仿真与实验

从基尔霍夫标量式出发,在振幅零级近似和相位一级近似条件下,由Mathematica仿真计算获得微波经不同尺寸矩孔的衍射分布,并在微波光学实验仪上进行实验验证,获得了从夫琅禾费衍射向菲涅尔衍射转化的衍射花样,实验与仿真结果较为吻合。     

Density Fluctuation Spectrum of Solar Wind Turbulence between Ion and Electron Scales

We present a measurement of the spectral index of density fluctuations between ion and electron scales in solar wind turbulence using the EFI instrument on the ARTEMIS spacecraft. The mean spectral index at 1?AU was found to be -2.75±0.06, steeper than predictions for pure whistler or kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence but consistent with previous magnetic field measurements. The steep spectra are also consistent with expectations of increased intermittency or damping of some of the turbulent energy over this range of scales. Neither the spectral index nor the flattening of the density spectra before ion scales were found to depend on the proximity to the pressure anisotropy instability thresholds, suggesting that they are features inherent to the turbulent cascade.     

Fluctuation Anomalies of the Gravitational Center of the Raman Scattering OH Band in Water

Physics of Wave Phenomena - Anomalously large fluctuations are experimentally found for the gravitational center of the OH band envelope of the Raman scattering of 10-ns pulses in water. Upon...     

Experimental Line Parameters of the Oxygen A Band at 760 nm

To support atmospheric remote sensing applications, line positions, intensities, self- and nitrogen-broadened linewidths and their temperature dependences and pressure-induced shifts in line positions at room temperature were measured up to J' and N' = 22 for the oxygen A band at 13 122 cm(-1). Line intensities were obtained with 1% precisions and 2% absolute accuracies using absorption spectra recorded at Doppler-limited (0.02 cm(-1)) resolution with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) located at Kitt Peak National Observatory/National Solar Observatory in Arizona. The oxygen line positions were calibrated using near-infrared transitions of the 2-0 and 3-0 bands of CO as secondary standards. The intensities and positions of seven H(2)O lines near 13 900 cm(-1) were also remeasured to validate the FTS performance. The O(2) intensities fell within 1% of the values currently assumed for the molecular databases, but it was found that broadening coefficients and line positions should be revised for the A band of molecular oxygen. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

A Sensitivity Analysis of Frequency Selective Surfaces at Millimeter Wave Band

This work presents a sensitivity analysis for the resonant frequency and bandwidth of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) as a function of the structural parameters. The frequency selective surface structure considered here is composed by crossed dipole conductive patches deposited on an anisotropic dielectric layer. Firstly, the moment method is used in combination with the immittance technique in the spectral domain to determine the frequency response of the analyzed structure. Secondly, numerical techniques are used to obtain the resonant frequency and bandwidth sensitivities as a function of the considered FSS structural parameters.     

Radiation Losses in the Microwave X Band in Al-Cr Substituted Y-Type Hexaferrites

We present a study on radiation losses in the microwave X band in Al-Cr substituted Y-type hexaferrites,namely Ba_2 Mg_2 Al_(x/2)Cr_(x/2)Fe_(12-x)O_(22)(x= 0, 0.5 and 1.0). The study is performed by means of a vector network analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a vibrating sample magnetometer and x-ray powder diffraction.Ba_2 Mg_2 Fe_(12)O_(22) hexaferrite shows radiation loss of-37.25 dB(99.999% loss) at frequency 9.81 GHz, which can be attributed to its high value of saturation magnetization, i.e., 22.08 emu/g. Moreover, we obtain that magnetic properties have strong influence on the radiation losses.     

Band Alignment and Band Gap Characterization of La2O3 Films on Si Substrates Grown by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

La2O3 films are grown on Si （100） substrates by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The band alignment of the La203/Si heterojunction is analyzed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence- band and the conduction-band offsets of La2 Oa films to Si substrates are found to be 2.40±0.1 and 1.66±0.3 eV, respectively. Based on 0 ls energy loss spectrum analysis, it can be noted that the energy gap of La203 films is 5.18±0.2eV, which is confirmed by the ultra-violet visible spectrum. According to the suitable band offset and large band gap, it can be concluded that La2O3 could be a promising candidate to act as high-k gate dielectrics.