保护的几丁寡糖及结构类似物的合成：复杂氨基寡糖合成的通用方法

建立了逐步合成具有重要生物活性的2-脱氧-2-氨基葡萄糖寡糖链的通用方法。采用邻苯二甲酰基保护氨基、硫代苯基为还原末端的离去基团,以氨基葡萄糖为起始原料,几种保护的几丁寡糖及结构类似物被合成：3-O-乙酰基-4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→4）-（3-O-乙酰基-6-O-苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基）-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖甲苷（4）、3-O-乙酰基-4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→4）-（3-O-乙酰基-6-O-苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖）-（1→4）-（3-O-乙酰基-6-O-苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基）-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖甲苷（6）、3-O-乙酰基-4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→3）-（4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基）-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖甲苷（8）、3-O-乙酰基-4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→3）-（4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基-b-D-吡喃葡萄糖）- （1→3）-（4,6-O-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚氨基）- b-D-吡喃葡萄糖甲苷（10）。所合成化合物通过核磁共振和质谱分析确证了其化学结构。     

十二烷基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷的合成

本文以3-O-烯丙基-6-O-乙酰基-2,4-二-O-苯甲酰基-α-D-葡萄糖三氯乙酰亚氨酯1为原料,设计合成了尚未见报道的十二烷基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷6。其组成和结构已由元素分析、1H NMR、13C NMR表征。     

N-连接的糖蛋白核心甘露五糖及其异构体的合成研究

以1,2-O-亚乙基-4,6-O-亚苄基-β-D-甘露糖(2)和2,3,4,6-四-O-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯(3)为基本原料，经一些简单的化学转换和选择性的糖基化反应，得到了甘露核心五糖及其异构体。     

N-连接的糖蛋白核心甘露五糖及其异构体的合成研究

以1,2-O-亚乙基-4,6-O-亚苄基-β-D-甘露糖(2)和2,3,4,6-四-O-苯甲酰基-α-D-甘露吡喃糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯(3)为基本原料,经一些简单的化学转换和选择性的糖基化反应,得到了甘露核心五糖及其异构体。     

(4-苄氧基苄基)-2,3-二-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷的合成

为合成酚酸取代的葡萄糖苷类天然产物,以全乙酰溴代葡萄糖为起始物,与4-苄氧基苄醇反应成苷,脱乙酰基后,选择性地在葡萄糖4,6-位形成亚苄基,2,3-位羟基用苄基保护,脱去亚苄基得到裸露葡萄糖4,6-位羟基的化合物(4-苄氧基苄基)-2,3-二-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),该化合物可作为合成4,6-位选择性取代的葡萄糖衍生物的有效中间体。     

SGLT2抑制剂3-脱氧达格列净简便的汇聚式合成方法

3-脱氧达格列净(1)是一个高选择性的强效钠依赖性葡萄糖转运子2(SGLT2)抑制剂.本研究发现了一条以廉价的α-D-甲基吡喃葡萄糖(2)为起始原料的简便的3-脱氧达格列净(1)的汇聚式合成路线,共13步,总产率38%.在此过程中系统研究了4,6-O-苄叉-α-D-甲基吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)中2-OH和3-OH的选择性保护策略,使用NOE(nuclear overhauser effect)技术对区域异构体进行了结构鉴定,并对区域异构体的相对比例和相对极性提出了合理解释;在此过程中对4,6-O-苄叉-2-O-叔丁基二苯基硅基-α-D-甲基吡喃葡萄糖(4)中葡萄糖片段上位阻较大3-OH的脱氧策略也进行了系统研究,最终获得了最优的脱氧策略.该路线为一条汇聚式路线,具有廉价、操作简便的特点,可以作为一种高效合成3-脱氧苯基C-葡萄糖苷类化合物的通用方法.     

2-乙酰氨基-2-去氧-3,6-二-氧-苄基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖 烯丙基苷的合成工艺优化

以N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖为原料，经烯丙基化、苯亚甲基化、苄基化和选择性开环等4步反应，合成了2-乙酰氨基-2-去氧-3,6-二-氧-苄基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖烯丙基苷，总收率53.4％，其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和LC-MS（ESI）确证。     

二-(氨基葡萄糖)磷酸酯的合成研究

用2-乙酰胺-3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-a-D-葡萄吡喃糖-1-磷酸吡啶盐(3)和2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(4)进行缩合,没有得到6-O-(2-乙酰胺-3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-D-葡萄吡哺糖-1-磷酰)-2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(7),而分离到了6-O-(2-乙酰胺-3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基)-2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(9)和二-(2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-6)-磷酸酯(10)。它们是由7的二个分解产物再次与4反应生成的。用1-溴-2-N-DNP-3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-1,2-二-脱氧-α-D-葡萄吡喃糖(13)和2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-6-磷酸三乙胺盐(8)反应,得到了6-O-(2-N-DNP-3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-1-磷酰)-2-乙酰胺-1,3,4-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(16)。16性质稳定,说明氨基葡萄糖的2-位乙酰基的存在使其1-位磷酸基团较易离去,而2-位 DNP 基则没有这种影响。     

1-脱氧-1-氨甲基-4,6-O-亚苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖的合成

1-脱氧-1-氨甲基-4,6-O-亚苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖是合成糖碳苷类糖肽的重要潜在中间体.本文以无水D-葡萄糖为原料经过两步反应合成1-脱氧-1-硝基甲基-4,6-O-亚苄基葡萄糖,然后通过催化转移氢化反应选择性地对硝基进行还原而不影响4,6位的亚苄基.     

氨基糖的研究Ⅲ——6-O-(N′-乙酰-2′-胺基-2′-脱羟-β-D-葡萄糖甙基)-N-乙酰-2-胺基-2-脱羟-D-葡萄糖的合成

作者用 Knigs-Knorr 的方法,从1,2,3,4-四乙酰-2-胺基-2-脱羟-β-D-葡萄糖和1-溴-2,3,4,6-四乙酰-2-胺基-2-脱羟-α-D-葡萄糖合成八乙酰异壳二糖,经氨解得二乙酰异壳二糖([6-O-N′-乙酰-2′-胺基-2′-脱羟-β-D-葡萄糖甙基]-N-乙酰-2-胺基-2-脱羟-D-葡萄糖)。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Syntheses,Spectroscopic Studies,and Crystal Structures of Me2Sn(O2PPh2)2, Ph2Pb(O2PMe2)2, and Ph2Pb(O2PPh2)2

Me₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 1 ), Ph₂Pb(O₂PMe₂)₂ ( 2 ), and Ph₂Pb(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 3 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me₂SnCl₂ or Ph₃PbCl with the corresponding diorganophosphinic acid in methanol. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the diorganophosphinate groups behave as double bridges between the metal atoms leading to polymeric ring‐chain structures with M₂O₄P₂ (M = Pb, Sn) eight‐membered rings. The organic groups bonded to the metal atoms are in trans‐position in the resulting octahedral arrangement around the metal atoms. The IR and the mass spectra were reported and discussed.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.