旋涂速度对制备P3HT有机场效应晶体管性能的影响（英文）

采用溶液化的方法制备了以PMMA为绝缘层、P3HT为有源层的有机场效应晶体管。研究了P3HT有源层和PMMA绝缘层的旋涂速度对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当P3HT和PMMA的旋涂速度均为2 000 r/min时,器件的性能最佳。峰值场效应迁移率为6.84×10-2cm2·V-1·s-1。结果表明,选择适当的旋涂速度是一种有效提高溶液化制备有机场效应晶体管性能的方法。     

CCD紫外增强薄膜旋涂法工艺优化

在硅基探测器的入射窗上制备荧光下转换薄膜,是一种有效降低成本的紫外荧光增强技术。从理论上探讨了由聚二甲基硅氧烷与颜料黄101混合胶体的紫外荧光薄膜旋涂工艺参数与性能之间关系,搭建紫外荧光薄膜应用于光谱分析的性能测试实验平台,对紫外荧光增强薄膜旋涂工艺参数质量配比、旋涂转速进行优化。光谱分析探测器有两个主要指标,光谱响应灵敏度和光谱分辨率,分析与实验结果表明,利用旋涂法制备紫外增强荧光薄膜,旋涂转速将直接影响薄膜的厚度、表面粗糙度和荧光物质的分布,从而影响光谱分析系统的分辨率;紫外荧光增强薄膜的增强效率与荧光溶剂聚二甲基硅氧烷与荧光物质颜料黄101的质量比密切相关,质量比低无法满足对紫外响应效率的提高,但高质量比,荧光物质处在聚集态荧光自猝灭严重,也不利于增强薄膜的紫外响应效率。最终,在薄膜旋涂工艺优化的基础上,旋涂转速2 500～3 000 r·min-1,荧光物质与荧光溶剂质量比为7∶100制备出紫外荧光增强薄膜。汞灯特征光谱测试结果表明该薄膜313 nm紫外波长处探测响应灵敏度提高了1.6倍左右,对比分析镀膜前后特征光谱的半波带宽,镀制紫外增强荧光薄膜对其影响很小。     

大功率LED荧光粉硅胶点涂工艺的实验及模拟研究

为得到白光LED照明产品,大功率LED封装工艺流程中,荧光粉硅胶混合物需通过点涂等方式涂覆于LED芯片上。荧光粉硅胶涂覆工艺的本质是一个两相流动过程,它直接决定了荧光粉硅胶层的几何形貌及物理特性,并最终影响LED产品的性能,因此准确描述这一成形过程特别重要。基于高速摄像机的实验平台,通过实验捕捉荧光粉硅胶形貌的动态成形过程。应用格子Boltzmann方法,建立荧光粉硅胶流动模型,对荧光粉硅胶点涂工艺进行模拟,得到荧光粉硅胶点涂成形过程及最终形貌。结果表明:荧光粉硅胶点涂工艺中,存在撞击、铺展及稳定成形三个阶段;格子Boltzmann方法能够正确模拟荧光粉硅胶点涂这一流动过程,并能够预测荧光粉硅胶层的最终形貌,为后续研究中对点涂工艺的优化提供了理论基础。     

基于量子点-CBP混合层的量子点LED的制备

采用一锅法制备出高质量的具有核壳结构的Cd Se@Zn S、Cd Zn S/Zn S量子点。将量子点混入空穴传输材料CBP中形成复合的有源材料,经过几步简单的旋涂操作,制备出相应的绿光、蓝光量子点LED器件。这种方法利用了油溶性量子点和CBP材料的相容性,减少了旋涂操作的步骤,有利于快速制备基于量子点的电致发光器件。基于两步旋涂操作制备的量子点LED,由于阴极与复合有源层之间的能级差较大,导致需要较高的开启电压。在CBP材料中,注入的载流子有可能会被量子点表面缺陷捕获,形成表面态的发光。表面态发光的相对强度依赖于载流子浓度。     

旋涂速度对制备P3HT有机场效应晶体管性能的影响

采用溶液化的方法制备了以PMMA为绝缘层、P3HT为有源层的有机场效应晶体管.研究了P3HT有源层和PMMA绝缘层的旋涂速度对器件性能的影响.实验结果表明,当P3HT和PMMA的旋涂速度均为2 000 r/min时,器件的性能最佳.峰值场效应迁移率为6.84×10^-2 cm²·V^－1·s^－1.结果表明,选择适当的旋涂速度是一种有效提高溶液化制备有机场效应晶体管性能的方法.     

聚乙二醇/二氧化钛一维光子晶体的制备及其性质研究

采用旋涂法制备了多层聚乙二醇/二氧化钛(PEG/TiO₂)一维光子晶体膜,通过控制旋涂时间、旋涂速度和聚乙二醇溶液质量浓度,制备出具有不同光子禁带的PEG/TiO₂一维光子晶体膜。制备的PEG/TiO₂膜对有机溶剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)和强碱溶液有双重响应。     

球面旋涂光刻胶膜厚分布的数学模型

提出了球面旋涂微米级厚度光刻胶膜层薄化率公式及径向位置演变公式,并得到了膜厚分布的演变公式。与平面涂胶相比,球面涂胶离心力及重力分量是在不断的变化。根据平面旋涂运动方程及球面面形特征,给出了球面旋涂运动方程;结合流体层流的表面条件及不可压缩流体的质量连续方程,推导出了膜厚h及径向位置r对时间t的演变公式,并得到了在径向位置r处初始厚度为h0的膜厚演变的数学模型。通过对模型参数的分析可知,球面旋涂光刻胶应采用主从轴偏心旋涂,旋涂时工件的开口应朝向侧面(旋转轴水平)。     

凹球面涂布光刻胶均匀性研究

通过对离心法在凹球面上涂布光刻胶过程进行分析,阐明了离心状态下光刻胶在凹球面基底上的流动机理,结合试验提出影响凹球面涂布光刻胶膜厚均匀性的主要因素有胶液粘度、旋涂速度、旋涂时间,列举了以上因素引起的各种现象,并进行了理论分析。引用凹球面旋涂光刻胶的膜厚公式,建立了膜厚与速度关系数学模型;利用流体力学原理解释了有限圆形空间中流体速度对膜层均匀性的影响,从而解决了大曲率凹球面上制备微细图形结构的关键工艺问题,对非球面上制备微细图形具有借鉴作用。     

旋涂法快速制备双层二元胶体微球有序薄膜

以较大粒径的聚苯乙烯或SiO₂胶体微球的单层有序薄膜作基膜,较小粒径的SiO₂微球作第二层,用分步旋涂法快速制备了二元双层胶体微球复合有序薄膜.膜中小粒径微球与大粒径微球的粒径比γ=020—056,大粒径与小粒径微球的排列方式可表示为LS_x（x=1,2,…,13）.旋涂速度、旋涂时间、微球悬浮介质的黏度、悬浮液中微球的数密度、旋涂衬底的可润湿性等因素均会影响旋涂组装胶粒薄膜的质量.在旋涂衬底能够被胶体微球悬浮介质完全润湿的前提下,适宜的胶体微球数密度、旋涂速度、旋涂时间是旋涂组装有序薄膜的必要条件. 关键词： 复合有序薄膜 分步旋涂 胶体微球模板     

基于点线对应的多摄像机全局位姿估计迭代算法

为了解决工业视觉场景中点和直线段共存情况下的多摄像机位姿估计问题,提出了基于点线特征对应的多摄像机全局位姿估计算法.以正交迭代算法为基础,使用多个固定在平台上的已标定摄像机间的几何约束,以全局方式处理多摄像机的重叠和非重叠视图的点和直线段特征,获得更加稳定精确的位姿估计.该算法先把所有摄像机数据进行统一表达,再把摄像机观测到的全部点特征的目标空间共线性误差和直线段特征的目标空间共面性误差之和作为误差函数,最后经数学推导得到使该误差函数最小化的迭代求解过程.实验结果验证了该算法的有效性以及优越性.     

Asymptotics and Dimensional Dependence of the Number of Critical Points of Random Holomorphic Sections

We prove two conjectures from [DSZ2,DSZ3] concerning the expected number of critical points of random holomorphic sections of a positive line bundle. We show that, on average, the critical points of minimal Morse index are the most plentiful for holomorphic sections of \({\mathcal {O}(N) \to \mathbb {CP}^m}\) and, in an asymptotic sense, for those of line bundles over general Kähler manifolds. We calculate the expected number of these critical points for the respective cases and use these to obtain growth rates and asymptotic bounds for the total expected number of critical points in these cases. This line of research was motivated by landscape problems in string theory and spin glasses.     

Advanced optimization method for spherical aberration and focus offset for optical disc drive

We developed an optimization method for spherical aberration and focus offset for an optical disc drive using an elliptical approximation. This method measures the small number of points that are located at specific positions. Furthermore, it approximates a characteristic distribution to an ellipse and calculates the center of the ellipse as the optimal point. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally confirmed using Blu-ray discs with three types of protective layer of various thicknesses.     

基于自适应粒子群算法的多峰谱线分离方法研究

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析法（ICP-AES）已成为一种常规的元素分析方法,但在ICP-AES分析过程中,大多元素的分析谱线会受到背景或其他谱线的重叠干扰,形成的光谱干扰严重影响了谱线分析的准确性,所以在元素的分析过程中,需要通过适当的光谱干扰校正方法才能得到合适的元素分析线。根据光谱强度具有叠加性的特征,利用谱图将谱线形状表示为Voigt线型函数加和的多峰谱线叠加模型,以多峰谱线叠加模型与目标谱线的均方根误差构建多元函数作为评价函数的数学模型,设计自适应粒子群优化（APSO）算法寻找分离谱线特征参数的最优解,APSO算法在标准PSO算法的基础上,引入压缩因子同时使得种群参数惯性权重根据粒子个体适应度值自适应变化以及学习因子线性变化,在算法迭代过程中协调粒子种群内全局搜索能力和局部开发能力,保证算法有效且迅速收敛,实现多峰谱线分离,减少干扰谱线的影响从而得到更精准的元素分析线。以ICP-AES检测器返回的含Pr元素溶液特征波长为390.844 nm和汞灯特征波长为313.183 nm两条谱线的光强AD采样值作为两组实测数据,以两个Voigt线型近似函数构成的三种不同重叠程度的叠加合成曲线作为三组模拟数据,在数据曲线上分别选取50个能够包含曲线全部特征参数信息的点作为数据点,通过对上述五组目标数据点进行APSO算法处理,结果表明APSO算法得到的多峰谱线叠加模型相关参数能够较准确地拟合出相应的目标数据曲线,目标数据点与拟合曲线函数值相对误差较低,算法表明能够有效扣除谱线重叠干扰,同组目标数据经过多次算法处理,选择最小的最优适应度值相应的特征参数向量作为Voigt线型函数相关参数,以此拟合出的多峰谱线叠加模型曲线精准度越高、相对误差越小。这种算法具有良好的收敛性和适应性,可应用于ICP-AES在元素定性、定量方面的分析研究。     

Theoretical and experimental study of the nanoparticle-driven blue phase stabilisation

We have studied theoretically and experimentally the effects of various types of nanoparticles (NPs) on the temperature stability range [Formula: see text] T (BP) of liquid-crystalline (LC) blue phases. Using a mesoscopic Landau-de Gennes type approach we obtain that the defect core replacement (DCR) mechanism yields in the diluted regime [Formula: see text] T (BP)(x) [Formula: see text] 1/(1 - xb) , where x stands for the concentration of NPs and b is a constant. Our calculations suggest that the DCR mechanism is efficient if a local NP environment resembles the core structure of disclinations, which represent the characteristic property of BP structures. These predictions are in line with high-resolution ac calorimetry and optical polarising microscopy experiments using the CE8 LC and CdSe or aerosil NPs. In mixtures with CdSe NPs of 3.5nm diameter and hydrophobic coating the BPIII stability range has been extended up to 20K. On the contrary, the effect of aerosil silica nanoparticles of 7.0nm diameter and hydrophilic coating is very weak.     

An approximation for prey-predator models with time delay

A prototype prey-predator (P-D) model in which the effective size of the predator population interacting with its prey follows an instantaneous time-delay τ regarding its total size is considered here. A simplified model was derived after substituting the approximation into the above time-delay model. In order to assess the reliability of the simplified model, we performed a comparative study of both models under a wide range of parameter values, focusing on the effect of τ on two issues: (i) the boundary (in parameter space) between the regions leading either to stable fixed points characteristic of the non-delay model, both the boundary and the periods and amplitudes obtained for the time-delay model can be fairly approximated by the corresponding results for the simplified model.     

On noninvertible mappings of the plane: Eruptions

In this paper we are concerned with the dynamics of noninvertible transformations of the plane. Three examples are explored and possibly a new bifurcation, or "eruption," is described. A fundamental role is played by the interactions of fixed points and singular curves. Other critical elements in the phase space include periodic points and an invariant line. The dynamics along the invariant line, in two of the examples, reduces to the one-dimensional Newton's method which is conjugate to a degree two rational map. We also determine, computationally, the characteristic exponents for all of the systems. An unexpected coincidence is that the parameter range where the invariant line becomes neutrally stable, as measured by a zero Lyapunov exponent, coincides with the merging of a periodic point with a point on a singular curve. (c) 1996 American Institute of Physics.     

Crossings and Anticrossings of Unbound States

We investigate the characteristic crossings and anticrossings of energies and widths of a doublet of resonances, observed in the vicinity of, and at a degeneracy of unbound states, when the control parameters of the system are varied. This characteristic behavior is explained in terms of the local, topological structure of the surfaces that represent the complex energy eigenvalues in parameter space in the vicinity of a degeneracy point. In the simple but illustrative case of the scattering of a beam of particles by a double barrier potential well with two regions of trapping, we solved numerically the implicit, transcendental equation that defines the eigenwave numbers of a degenerate isolated doublet of resonances as functions of the real, control parameters of the system. We found that, at a degeneracy of unbound states, the surface representing the resonance eigenwave numbers as functions of the control parameters has an algebraic branch point of rank one. Unfolding the degeneracy point, crossings and anticrossings of energies and widths are obtained as projections of sections of the eigenwave number surfaces.     

Contact angle hysteresis on nano-structured surfaces

We present results from an experimental study on the phenomenon of contact angle hysteresis on solid surfaces decorated by a random array of nanometric hollows. For weak values of the areal density of defects φ_d, the hysteresis H increases linearly with φ_d. This evolution is described by a pinning–depinning process of the contact line by individual defects. At higher values of φ_d, a collective pinning effect appears and H decreases with increasing φ_d. In the linear regime, our experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions for contact angle hysteresis induced by a single isolated defect on the solid surface. We suggest that the crossover from the individual to the collective pinning effects could be interpreted in terms of an overlapping of wetting cross sections. Finally, we analyse the influence of both the size and the morphology (hollows/hillocks) of defects on the anchorage of the contact line.     

Zero-temperature Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a two-dimensional quantum system

We construct a local interacting quantum dimer model on the square lattice, whose zero-temperature phase diagram is characterized by a line of critical points separating two ordered phases of the valence bond crystal type. On one side, the line of critical points terminates in a quantum transition inherited from a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in an associated classical model. We also discuss the effect of a longer-range dimer interaction that can be used to suppress the line of critical points by gradually shrinking it to a single point. Finally, we propose a way to generalize the quantum Hamiltonian to a dilute dimer model in presence of monomers and we qualitatively discuss the phase diagram.     

Automotive disc brake squeal

Disc brake squeal remains an elusive problem in the automotive industry. Since the early 20th century, many investigators have examined the problem with experimental, analytical, and computational techniques, but there is as yet no method to completely suppress disc brake squeal. This paper provides a comprehensive review and bibliography of works on disc brake squeal. In an effort to make this review accessible to a large audience, background sections on vibrations, contact and disc brake systems are also included.