基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

新型分布式光纤管道泄漏检测技术及定位方法研究

介绍了一种基于萨尼亚克(Sagnac)干涉仪的直线型分布式光纤管道泄漏监测系统,实时进行管道泄漏监测和定位。此系统有两条传感光纤,可有效提高管道监测距离。推导了泄漏信号引起的光信号相位变化表达式;分析了该干涉仪应用于泄漏检测的原理及其泄漏源定位方法,并在分别距两传感光纤末端的法拉第旋转镜为3.990km和4.024 km处进行了泄漏检测实验。管道泄漏实验结果表明,该系统较准确地确定了泄漏源位置且定位误差小于1.05%.     

基于时延估计的光栅阵列管道泄漏检测与定位方法研究

城市燃气在管道运输过程中存在很大的安全隐患,一旦发生危险,后果不堪设想,燃气管道泄漏的监测与定位意义重大。为解决目前大部分管道泄漏检测与定位方法存在的易受环境干扰、精度低、适用范围窄、计算难度较高等问题,提出了一种基于时延估计的光栅阵列（wFBG）管道泄漏检测与定位方法,该方法通过光栅阵列技术采集振动信号,根据采集到的泄漏振动信号时域、频域上的特征,首先通过基于短时能量分析的方法检测管道是否泄漏,然后对满足要求的信号片段进行峰值间多项式拟合获取泄漏信息到达的时刻,最后根据时间差定位泄漏点。实验结果表明,该方法能有效检测泄漏,并且在测量距离为40 m的情况下,定位误差在1 m左右。     

声发射衰减特性管道泄漏定位方法

声发射技术具有灵敏度高、实时性强、覆盖范围大等优点.泄漏产生的声发射波沿管壁传播会发生衰减,通过研究衰减系数与金属晶粒散射和热流损失的关系,建立准确的声发射能量衰减模型.在此基础上,针对声发射频带宽的特点对传统衰减定位模型进行改进,提出宽频带声发射源定位模型,该方法先通过实验确定泄漏信号频带,再将滤波后的信号经过小波包...     

基于琼斯矩阵建模的管道泄漏检测及预警系统的定位误差分析

为了解决分布式光纤油气管道泄漏检测及预警系统中常出现粗大定位误差的问题,需要提高定位精度,在分析系统的检测定位原理的基础上,基于单模光纤的双折射特性等效琼斯矩阵,建立了油气管道光纤预警系统的光学偏振模型,并对模型进行了仿真.指出信号关联的二义性即两传感器获得同一振动源的波形不相关的现象,是造成粗大定位误差的原因.根据该理论模型,提出了利用外加偏振控制器改变激光偏振方向的解决方法,定位实验证明该方法较好地解决了上述问题,提高了现场实验的定位精度.该模型的建立,为预警系统光路的改进和调节提供了理论指导.     

基于声发射和GAN-CNN的铝合金管道法兰 连接松动泄漏检测*

面向管道法兰连接松动引起的泄漏检测需求,为解决数据样本不足和减少特征指标手动选取的繁琐环节。本文,考虑到生成性对抗网络（GAN）作为数据扩充工具,已被证明能够生成与真实数据相似的样本数据。同时,卷积神经网络（CNN）作为一种深度学习方法,为自动提取数据的特征提供了一种有效的方法。开展了基于GAN和CNN的铝合金管道法兰连接松动泄漏检测研究。首先,搭建管道泄漏标定和数据采集实验台,利用声发射技术获取不同等级的原始泄漏信号。其次,采用GAN生成样本数据扩充原始数据。同时,为了评估生成模型的性能,引入统计特评估生成质量。最后,将生成的样本数据与原始数据设置为不同训练集,基于卷积神经网络构建智能分类检测模型,应用于管道泄漏检测。同时,分类检测结果与小样本智能分类方法SVM进行了比较,实验结果表明,基于GAN和CNN构建的智能分类模型可显著提高管道法兰连接松动泄漏检测精度。     

流体回路在轨泄漏检测与定位技术研究

流体回路是长期在轨飞行器较常用的主动热控制技术,通过泵强迫流体工质在设定的管道中循环流动进行可调节传热。在轨运行期间,流体外回路可能会因空间碎片撞击等多种因素而发生泄漏故障,从而影响整个回路的热控平衡,最终影响整个航天器的运行安全。通过对外回路的工质压力和温度特性进行仿真分析,提出采用RBF神经网络对压力、温度关键点数据进行反演,获得泄漏孔径大小和泄漏位置,从而对管路泄漏进行实时监测。     

炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的研究现状

电站锅炉管道泄漏的声检测与定位系统,已经越来越广泛地应用于电站锅炉。该系统主要利用声学技术检测炉内管道的泄漏状态,并利用多传声器定位机理对泄漏点进行定位,有效地减少了由管道泄漏引起的非计划停炉,这对电站锅炉来说意义尤为重要。本文分析了炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的关键技术,介绍了该系统的发展概况及应用现状,并提出了改进方向。     

光纤传感技术在管道泄漏检测中的应用与进展

快速发现并定位管道泄漏对管道运输的安全至关重要,开发永久的、分布式、实时在线的管道检测传感系统是管道安全检测的重要目标.光纤传感技术具有体积小、灵敏度高、耐酸碱腐蚀、抗电磁干扰能力强、不产生电火花等优点,在管道检测中具有巨大的应用潜力.对应用于管道泄漏检测的各种光纤传感技术的原理和国内外发展现状进行了介绍,包括光纤布拉...     

一种用于管道泄漏声定位的可调Q因子小波变换分析方法

针对泄漏声发射信号的非平稳随机特性,进行了泄漏声信号可调Q因子小波变换(Tunable Q-Factor Wavelet Transform,TQWT)的理论分析和实验研究。首先通过对典型泄漏声信号的TQWT分析,研究品质因子和分解尺度对泄漏声特征提取的影响。然后根据峭度最大原则,优选出适合泄漏声信号分析的TQWT参数。在此基础上,提出了一种基于TQWT提取管道泄漏声特征分量的方法,并将提取的特征分量进行互相关分析用于管道泄漏定位。实验结果表明,利用该方法可以有效提取出泄漏声信号中的特征分量,从而更好实现泄漏定位,定位误差较小。该项研究工作为实际工程管道泄漏检测提供了可行的解决方案。      

基于莫尔干涉的激光中心波长精确检测的研究

为了提高激光中心波长检测的精确度,提出了基于正交干涉原理的静态干涉系统,由两个相互垂直的棱镜组成产生二维平面上的光程差分布,以面阵CCD取代线阵CCD,对平面上的正交干涉条纹数据进行采集.在计算分析莫尔干涉仪的光程差分布的基础上,计算干涉图像中干涉条纹的拼接及傅氏变换等,最终得到光谱分辨率.由MATLAB仿真软件分析结果可知,静态莫尔干涉系统可以产生的光程差最大为234μm,比等尺寸的傅里叶干涉体高约一个数量级.实验标定用的光谱仪选用LAB SPAKR 750A型光谱仪,针对中心波长为635 nm的半导体激光器进行测量,结果显示中心波长位置基本一致,但在中心波长附近的光谱细节上莫尔干涉优于传统干涉具.     

Two-photon interference in the presence of absorption

Experiments on two-photon interference are discussed in the case when there is absorption of all the modes participating in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) of light. The objects of investigation are 10-to 80-Å-thick ultrathin gold films deposited on fused-silica substrates. Conditions are determined under which the effect of absorption of the signal and pump waves on the interference pattern is small. It is shown that, under these conditions, the visibility of the interference pattern and the shape of the frequency-angular spectrum at the signal frequency are determined by the optical parameters of the medium at the idler frequency, which belongs to the near-infrared region.     

Indoor human detection based on micro-Doppler features in the presence of interference from moving clutter sources

In this paper, to address the problem of detecting the presence of human in indoor environments in the presence of moving clutter sources, an indoor human detection method that utilizes random forest to process micro-Doppler signatures and a single pair of TX/RX unit is proposed. In contrast to most of the existing methods that use both distance information and micro-Doppler information assuming no interference from moving clutter sources (window curtains, blinds, table fans, etc.), our proposed method relies only on micro-Doppler information for human detection in indoor environments with curtain and fan interferences. Based on our time–frequency analyses on the measured radar data, seven features, i.e., the mean and standard deviation of the doppler centroid, the mean and standard deviation of the span of envelopes, the silhouette size, the positive peak values, and the peak spread, are extracted from spectrograms. These features are fed into a random forest classifier for categorizing the state of a room into one of the five scenarios considered in this work, namely (1) a person entering the room, (2) a person leaving the room, (3) interference from curtain/blind, (4) interference from fan, and (5) an empty room. The proposed system has been validated using real-world experiments and be able to deliver an accuracy of 97.5% in classifying the scenarios.     

Arbitrarily accurate approximate inertial manifolds of fixed dimension

By employing an embedding result due to Mañé, and its recent strengthening due to Foias and Olson it is shown that a global attractor with finite fractal (box counting) dimension d lies within an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of a smooth graph over the space spanned by the first [[2d + 1]] Fourier-Galerkin modes. The proof is, however, nonconstructive.     

白光干涉实验中的一种现象及其分析

分析了迈克耳孙实验中白光干涉的原理，介绍了在测定透明介质折射率的过程中侧梭出现彩色条纹的特殊现象，并分析了其成因，     

物理最值三趣题

用数学中不等式a b c≥3(abc开立方）的基本性质，可以求解某些物理问题的最值．下面介绍3道电磁场的趣题．     

Sound source in the presence of wall shear layers

Numerical solution techniques for evaluating the acoustic field generated by a single line source located inside or outside a wall shear layer of an infinitely long lined rectangular duct are presented. A formula for calculating wave attenuation due to an acoustic lining is given.     

Classical pion fields in the presence of a source

A classical pion field that is similar to a disoriented chiral condensate is considered in the presence of an external source. The field is similar to the condensate in that the isotopic orientation of the field in the whole space is determined by a single vector. Within the nonlinear sigma model, classical solutions are considered both in the chiral limit, where the pions are massless, and in the case of a finite pion mass. In either case, the classical filed is similar to the Coulomb field of a charged particle; however, the nonlinear pion interaction results in the existence of several solutions. In the massless case and in the case where the source is sufficiently small, there are a great number of classical solutions characterized by finite discrete energies. In the more realistic case of heavy ions, there are no stable solutions of this type; however, long-lived quasistationary states, which slowly decay, emitting very soft pions, can be formed. The structure and the energies of these solutions are studied numerically.     

Robust estimation of Gaussian-noise variance in the presence of pulsed interference

A robust estimator of the mean power of a Gaussian noise signal in the presence of pulsed interference is proposed for remote sensing. The technique is based on the following rationale: under certain conditions, the histogram of a signal contaminated by pulsed interference is close to a normal distribution in a certain range of snapshot values, i.e., the histogram is an estimate almost insensitive to contaminating pulsed interference. Correspondingly, we propose a modified minimum ² method, which is called the method of robust approximation, for estimating the mean power of the useful Gaussian component. It is shown that the proposed estimate yields a higher accuracy compared with, e.g., median estimates and is close to the Cramér-Rao lower bound. The results of experimental testing of the technique using hydroacoustic data are presented.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 76–85, January 2005.