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碳捕集技术是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。高温工业源CO2的捕集更宜使用钙基吸收剂。本文立足“双碳”背景,将碳捕集前沿技术融入仪器分析实验课程,开发了蛋壳源CaO的制备、表征及其碳捕集性能的设计性综合实验。选择高钙废弃物鸡蛋壳为原料,采用醋酸处理得到醋酸钙,再经高温煅烧制备了具有较好碳捕集性能的CaO;利用EDTA配位滴定、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和热重分析等多种分析手段,测试了CaO的纯度、形貌、结构及其对CO2的捕集性能。本实验采用项目式教学方式,引导学生自行设计实验方案并进行实践和总结,不仅锻炼了学生综合运用专业知识解决实际问题的能力,而且培养了学生的科研素养和团队合作精神。 相似文献
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大型湿气源排放中普遍存在的水汽是制约吸附碳捕集规模化发展的重要挑战之一。H2O的极性往往会导致吸附材料的CO2捕集率降低甚至出现失效,也会造成捕集系统产生温降、压降等寄生损失,甚至形成设备腐蚀、吸附剂中毒等不利影响,最终额外能耗和成本大幅提高。为解决上述挑战,深入理解CO2与H2O共吸附过程的作用机制,据此开发成本合理、再生能耗低且对水气不敏感的高效CO2吸附剂及吸附技术是实现湿气源下高效吸附碳捕集的重要途径。目前,由于分散在多个领域且各有侧重,关于H2O对CO2吸附影响的机制分析缺乏汇总与概括,难以形成相对统一的观点。本文针对CO2与H2O共吸附过程,从宏观与微观层面进行了详细综述。首先,基于共吸附机制的基础研究,依次介绍了竞争吸附、变湿吸附和呼吸效应领域的研究进展并进行了简要评价。其次,基于共吸附的应用研究,阐述了湿气源CO2捕集技术的吸附剂研发与工艺改进两部分的现状及进展,也对不同湿气源下CO2捕集水平进行了简要评价。最后,总结了目前研究中的不足之处并展望了未来的研究方向。本文将分散于各领域的CO2与H2O共吸附过程进行集中归纳、分析和对比,或可为湿气源碳捕集技术提供有效的指导。 相似文献
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提出了用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,以异丙醇和乙醇为吸收液、两级碰撞捕集器串联捕集烟气气相物,用气相色谱法测定主流烟气粒相和气相水分含量的方法。试验结果表明:线性范围为0.8~6.0g.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于2.5%之间,回收率为93.46%~106.15%。采用该法对7种卷烟主流烟气中粒相和气相水分进行测定,烟气总水分含量为6.77~9.43mg.支-1,其中气相水分约占总水分的65%~75%,表明气相水分是研究卷烟品质的重要参数。 相似文献
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CO2是导致温室效应的最主要成分,因此碳捕集技术的研究受到学术界和产业界的高度重视。离子液体具有不挥发、不燃烧、热稳定性好、溶解能力强、结构和性质可调节并可循环使用等特性,在CO2的吸收/分离领域展现了广阔的应用前景。本文系统地综述了近年来常规离子液体、功能化离子液体、支撑离子液体膜、聚合离子液体以及离子液体与分子溶剂的混合物在捕集CO2方面的研究进展;讨论了离子液体的阳离子结构、阴离子类型、烷基链长度、阴/阳离子的氟化程度和功能化、离子液体的负载作用和聚合效应以及体系的温度和压力对CO2选择性捕集性能的影响;分析了可能的捕集机理以及各种捕集方法的优点和缺点;提出了目前需要进一步研究的若干重要问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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变压吸附法在捕集烟气中的CO2这一领域中显示出强大的优越性,但实际电厂烟气含有少量的水蒸气,这对利用常规吸附剂捕集CO2造成很大挑战。为解决上述瓶颈问题,改进变压吸附工艺以及开发对湿度不敏感、高效的吸附剂成为最主要的途径。本文详细介绍了两种常用的变压吸附工艺,即多层变压吸附及微波辅助真空再生法分离高湿烟气的研究进展,综述了近年来研发的适于捕集高湿烟气的高效吸附剂,系统阐述了各种吸附剂的物理化学特性及其吸附CO2、H2O的机制,并在此基础上讨论了变压吸附技术捕集高湿烟气时存在的问题,提出了研究展望。相信随着人们对变压吸附工艺的改进以及对新型高效吸附剂的进一步研发,必将显著降低捕集高湿烟气中CO2的成本,这将对燃煤电厂等高湿CO2排放源的温室气体减排具有重要意义。 相似文献
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开发新型高效的二氧化碳捕集或利用技术对于减少化石能源利用过程的二氧化碳排放、缓解全球变暖等具有重要意义。集成二氧化碳捕集与利用技术(ICCU)因其能耗低和效率高等优势获得了广泛关注。该技术利用一种双功能材料通过集成二氧化碳吸附和原位转化两个主要过程,实现CO2的高效转化并获得含碳燃料。本工作综述了ICCU中主要技术之一集成二氧化碳捕集与甲烷化转化。首先对实现该过程的双功能材料的组成和特性进行概述,重点从反应温度、反应时间、反应气体成分等角度探讨了影响ICCU甲烷化反应的因素,并对该技术未来的机遇和挑战进行总结和展望,以期为中国“双碳”目标下致力于二氧化碳捕集和利用的相关研究提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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以探寻二氧化碳的工业捕集方案为项目主题,开展初中化学二氧化碳的性质及其转化的教学。学生通过“建立价类二维模型并设计二氧化碳的理想转化路径”“实验探究二氧化碳的实际转化”“解决二氧化碳的工业转化”等3个项目子任务理解了物质“组成、性质、变化”之间的关系,运用手持技术数字化实验探究了二氧化碳在不同碱溶液中的吸收效率,发展了实验探究能力,构建了物质转化在化工生产领域的认知模型,提高了思维迁移的能力。从“碳捕集”到“碳利用”的进阶解决问题模式,有利于学生化学学科核心素养的内化。 相似文献
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Development and evaluation of porous materials for carbon dioxide separation and capture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The development of new microporous materials for adsorption separation processes is a rapidly growing field because of potential applications such as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and purification of clean-burning natural gas. In particular, new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other porous coordination polymers are being generated at a rapid and growing pace. Herein, we address the question of how this large number of materials can be quickly evaluated for their practical application in carbon dioxide separation processes. Five adsorbent evaluation criteria from the chemical engineering literature are described and used to assess over 40 MOFs for their potential in CO(2) separation processes for natural gas purification, landfill gas separation, and capture of CO(2) from power-plant flue gas. Comparisons with other materials such as zeolites are made, and the relationships between MOF properties and CO(2) separation potential are investigated from the large data set. In addition, strategies for tailoring and designing MOFs to enhance CO(2) adsorption are briefly reviewed. 相似文献
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电厂废气中饱和水蒸气对活性炭变压吸附捕集CO2的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于热电厂废气中含有高湿饱和水蒸气,选用疏水材料活性炭为吸附剂,利用真空变压吸附技术研究了活性炭分离电厂废气中水蒸气和二氧化碳的可行性和优越性,研究了水对CO2捕集的影响。实验分析表明,水在活性炭上的“S”型等温吸附曲线有利于真空条件下被解吸。同时,圆锥模型描述了水蒸气在吸附床内的浓度分布。结果表明,即使水蒸气可以被活性炭吸附,但它的存在不影响CO2的捕集。每个循环操作可在相对较短的解吸时间和较高的解吸压力下完成。实验中单床三步变压吸附工艺可以使CO2回收率高达80%,CO2纯度达43%。 相似文献
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2009年哥本哈根全球气候大会之后,如何减排导致全球气候变暖的温室气体之一的CO2,并能将CO2转化成有用化工产品成为当前全球研究的热点.本文总结了至今在CO2捕集、存储和转化方面的进展工作.另外,结合各种CO2利用技术的原理和特点,总结出这些技术的优势与不足,对CO2的利用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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The urgency of dealing with global climate change caused by greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions is increasing as the carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration in the atmosphere has reached a record high value of 416 ppm(parts per million). Technologies that remove CO2 from the surrounding air(direct air capture, DAC) could result in negative carbon emissions, and thus attracts increasing attention. The steady technical progress in adsorption-based CO2 separation greatly advanced the DAC, which largely relies on advanced sorbent materials. This review focuses on the latest development of porous solids for air capture; first discussed the main types of sorbents for air capture, which include porous carbons, zeolites, silica materials, and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), particularly their modified counterparts. Then, we evaluated their performances, including uptake and selectivity under dry and humid CO2 streams for practical DAC application. Finally, a brief outlook on remaining challenges and potential directions for future DAC development is given. 相似文献
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工业酸性气体是造成环境污染的最主要因素之一.本文围绕国家环保超低排放新要求,提出了超重力反应强化理论原理和新途径,利用超重力反应器数量级强化传质和超短停留时间优势,高选择性地从混合酸性气体中反应脱除SO2、H2S或CO2,实现了硫化物超低排放;提出了"科学实验+微观机理模型+宏观CFD模拟"三位一体的超重力反应器放大方法,实现了超重力反应器的工程放大,研制出国际规模最大的超重力反应器(转子直径3.5 m、外壳5 m,气体处理量20×104 m3/h)并投入产业化应用;该强化新技术现已在工业尾气脱SO2、石油炼厂气和海洋天然气脱H2S、电厂烟气脱CO2等环保工程中实现了工业应用和推广. 相似文献
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Zeolite NaX (commonly known as zeolite 13X) has found wide use in industry for the separation of carbon dioxide from air, methane-containing landfill gas, and flue gases. Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide has become of utmost importance to mitigate severe environmental problems associated to burning of fossil fuels, such as the greenhouse effect and the consequential warming of global climate. Due to its low energy consumption and ease of operation, the zeolite-13X molecular-sieve pressure-swing adsorption process has become the method of choice for the recovery and capture of carbon dioxide from air and flue gas. Accurate correlation of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX is required for the reliable modeling and simulation of that process. In this paper, we firstly show that none of the traditional adsorption isotherm models (such as those of Langmuir, Sips, Toth, UNILAN, and Dubinin–Astakhov) is entirely capable of correlating a published set of equilibrium adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX that were measured over a range of eight decades of pressure. A generalized statistical thermodynamic adsorption (GSTA) model, which we had already derived and successfully applied to the adsorption of water vapor in zeolite 3A, is employed in this work to obtain a very accurate correlation of that set of adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide in zeolite NaX, for the pressure range from 0.2 Pa to 6.4 MPa and in the temperature range from −78 to 150 °C. We also provide thermochemical and structural interpretations of the isotherms fit and make predictions for the isosteric heat of adsorption that are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. 相似文献
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Paul A. Webley 《Adsorption》2014,20(2-3):225-231
The capture of CO2 from process and flue gas streams and subsequent sequestration was first proposed as a greenhouse gas mitigation option in the 1990s. This proposal spawned a series of laboratory and field tests in CO2 capture which has now grown into a major world-wide research effort encompassing a myriad of capture technologies and ingenious flow sheets integrating power production and carbon capture. Simultaneously, the explosive growth in materials science in the last two decades has produced a wealth of new materials and knowledge providing us with new avenues to explore to fine tune CO2 adsorption and selectivity. Laboratory and field studies over the last decade have explored the synergy of process and materials to produce numerous CO2 capture technologies and materials based on cyclic adsorption processes. In this brief perspective, we look at some of these developments and comment on the application and limitations of adsorption process to CO2 capture. We identify major engineering obstacles to overcome as well as potential breakthroughs necessary to achieve commercialization of adsorption processes for CO2 capture. Our perspective is primarily restricted to post-combustion flue gas capture and CO2 capture from natural gas. 相似文献
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近十年,多孔配位聚合物(porous coordination polymers, PCPs)因其晶体结构中可调节的孔道尺寸、形状以及化学功能化,在小分子的选择性吸附及分离领域受到了极大的关注。基于环境问题的严峻性,胺功能化PCPs材料对煤电厂燃烧废气中CO2优异的选择性吸附性能,使其在该领域拥有较好的应用潜力。本文综述了含末端氨基配体的PCPs材料应用于二氧化碳捕捉及存储的代表性工作,并对所存在的问题及发展方向进行了分析总结。 相似文献
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Highly efficient CO2 capture with a metal–organic framework‐derived porous carbon impregnated with polyethyleneimine
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Global warming is considered as one of the great challenges of the twenty‐first century. Application of CO2 capture and storage technologies to flue gas is considered to be a useful method of lessening global warning. Highly porous carbon has played an important role in tackling energy and environmental problems. We attempted to synthesize a highly porous carbon adsorbent by carbonizing a highly crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) without any carbon precursors and focused on the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 gases and CO2/CH4 selectivity at 298, 323 and 348 K using a volumetric apparatus. The MOF‐derived porous carbon (MDC) was prepared by direct carbonization of MOF‐199 as a template at 900 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. Amino‐impregnated MDC samples exhibited enhanced adsorption capacities by a combination of physical and chemical adsorption. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as the amine source, which was found to greatly enhance CO2 capture when supported on the porous carbon. Novel PEI‐impregnated MDC nanocomposites were synthesized by wetness impregnation and then characterized using various methods. 相似文献
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Seung Hyo Kim Kwang Hee Kim Prof. Dr. Soon Hyeok Hong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(3):771-774
A carbon capture and use (CCU) strategy was applied to organic synthesis. Carbon dioxide (CO2) captured directly from exhaust gas was used for organic transformations as efficiently as hyper‐pure CO2 gas from a commercial source, even for highly air‐ and moisture‐sensitive reactions. The CO2 capturing aqueous ethanolamine solution could be recycled continuously without any diminished reaction efficiency. 相似文献