超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查水产品中28种酸性合成色素

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)技术建立了水产品中28种酸性合成色素的快速检测方法。水产样品采用氨水-水-乙醇(2:1:7, v/v/v)溶液提取,经氨基化吸附剂基质分散法净化后直接用UPLC-Q-TOF MS测定。目标物经Eclipse Plus-C₁₈柱分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾负离子模式下全信息串联质谱扫描模式进行检测。结果表明:水产品中28种酸性合成色素的定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)为20~100 μg/kg;并在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r)≥0.991,峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.61%;在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为70.24%~106.47%,相对标准偏差为5.62%~9.65% (n=6)。该方法快速简单、灵敏度高,适用于水产品中28种色素的快速筛查。     

Analysis of volatile compounds in Herba Asari by single-drop micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry

A rapid headspace single-drop micro-extraction(mix) gas chromatography mass spectrometry(SDMEGC -MS) for the analysis of the volatile compounds in Herba Asari was developed in this study.A mixed solvent of n-tridecane and butyl acetate(1:1) was finally used for the extraction at 70 C for 15 min with sample amount of 0.750 g and 100 mesh particle size.Under the determined conditions,the pound samples of Herba Asari were directly applied for the analysis.SDME-GC-MS,SPME-GC-MS and SD-GCMS methods were compared and the results showed that SDME-GC-MS method was a simple, inexpensive and effective way to measure the volatile compounds in Herba Asari and could be used for the analysis of volatile compounds in complex samples.     

高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查鉴别食品中非法添加的62种中药材北大核心CSCD

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱快速筛查鉴别食品中非法添加的62种中药材的方法。依据卫生部关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知(卫法监发[2002]51号)中可用于保健食品的物品名单,确定食品中可能非法添加的62种中药材原料清单,再从62种中药材中筛选其特征组分,获得不同中药材对应的特征组分清单。62种对照药材经甲醇超声提取后,于Thermo Accucore aQ色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)上分离,在电喷雾正负离子扫描模式下,分别以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-乙腈和水-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,进行一级质谱和二级质谱全扫描检测,采用Library View软件建立不同中药材对应的特征组分的一级精确质量数据库和二级碎片质谱库。样品同法处理后上样分析,采用Peak View软件将样品高分辨数据与自建数据库中的质谱图、精确分子离子质量数、碎片离子质量数、保留时间等相关参数进行快速筛查鉴别分析。该工作通过建立“中药材-特征组分”对应清单,构建了食品中易非法添加的62种中药材中共388种特征组分的高分辨质谱库,每种中药材包括5~10种特征组分,通过对实际食品样品配制酒、代用茶及饮料进行筛查分析,1批次配制酒样品与淫羊藿中药材的7种特征组分匹配一致,推断该配制酒样品中加入了淫羊藿中药材。该法可实现无标准品情况下中药材的定性筛查,具有高通量、准确、简便、快捷的特点,解决了食品中非法添加中药材难以识别和确证的难题,可以实现食品中非法添加中药材的快速筛查鉴别分析。     

Osteoblast cell membrane chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for screening specific active components from traditional Chinese medicines

A method using osteoblast membrane chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed to recognize and identify the specific active components from traditional Chinese medicines. Primary rat osteoblasts were used for the preparation of the stationary phase in the cell chromatography method. Retention components from the cell chromatography were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. This method was applied in screening active components from extracts of four traditional Chinese medicines. In total, 24 potentially active components with different structures were retained by osteoblast cell chromatography. There were five phenolic glucosides and one triterpenoid saponin from Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, two organic acids and ten flavonoids from Epimedium sagittatum Maxim, one phthalide compound and one organic acid from Angelica sinensis Diels, and two flavonoids and two saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Among those, four components (icariin, curculigoside, ferulaic acid, and timosaponin BII) were used for in vitro pharmacodynamics validation. They significantly increased the osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, levels of bone gla protein and collagen type 1, and promoted mineralized nodule formation. The developed method was an effective screening method for finding active components from complex medicines that act on bone diseases.     

Simultaneous detection of eight active components in Radix Tinosporae by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight major active components (magnoflorine, menisperine, 20‐hydroxyecdysone, cepharanthine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, columbin, and palmatine) in Radix Tinosporae. The separation was performed on an InterSustainSwift C₁₈ column (1.9 μm, 2.1 id × 100 mm) at 40 °C with a gradient elution. A mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (v/v = 1:1) and ammonium acetate buffer (25 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.2% formic acid) were used as mobile phases, and the flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min. The recovery was tested in real samples and calculated to be 86.97–111.28%, and all the compounds showed good linearity (r > 0.998) in relatively wide concentration ranges. The developed method was applied to the determination of eight active compounds in real herb samples, which were collected from four different places. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method has great potential for the quality control of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Tinosporae.     

Rapid on‐line system for preliminary screening of lipase inhibitors from natural products by integrating capillary electrophoresis with immobilized enzyme microreactor

An on‐line system for preliminary screening lipase inhibitors from natural products with an immobilized lipase microreactor coupled to capillary electrophoresis was established. In this research, the lipase was anchored on the amino activated capillary inner wall using glutaraldehyde as a homobifunctional linker through Schiff base reaction. The immobilized lipase activity was evaluated by measuring the peak area of the hydrolyzate of p‐nitrophenyl acetate. In order to maintain the enzymatic activity of immobilized lipase, the acetonitrile content and the pH of the reaction solution were also optimized. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the Michaelis–Menten constant of the immobilized lipase and the half maximal inhibitory concentration for orlistat were studied, which were consistent with previous literature data. Furthermore, the developed method was applied to screen lipase inhibition activity from ten natural products. As a result, we found that six natural products have inhibitory effect on the activity of lipase, among which the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma atractylodis extract has never been reported before.     

Rapid screening for anthocyanins and anthocyanin dimers in crude grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid and efficient method using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD–MS/MS) for fast screening large numbers of anthocyanins and anthocyanin dimers in different grape skin extracts, without further sample clean-up procedures, was developed. A good separation of most detected anthocyanins was achieved in a run time of 15 min. Identification of anthocyanin pigments required a combination of several information: UV–vis spectra, MS and MS/MS spectra, and elution pattern. Many compounds have been here detected for the first time and their structures tentatively elucidated.     

Characterization of the chemical constituents in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry

In this work, the chemical constituents in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang, a traditional Chinese formula, were studied by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry for the first time. Among the 146 compounds detected in Da‐Huang‐Gan‐Cao‐Tang, 104 compounds were identified unambiguously or tentatively based on their accurate molecular weight and multistage MS data, including one potential novel compound and two reported in Glycyrrhiza genus for the first time. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed and fragmentation rules of the major types of compounds were concluded. This study provided an example to facilitate the tedious identification of chemical composition in traditional Chinese medicine, and maybe a promising reference approach to research the analogous formulae.     

Phytochemical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly considered to operate due to the synergistic effects of all the major and minor components in the medicines. Hence sensitive and comprehensive analytical techniques are needed to acquire a better understanding of the pharmacological basis of the herb and to enhance the product quality control. The present review mainly focuses on the phytochemical analysis of TCMs using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) are the two commonly used ion sources. Triple quadrupole, ion trap (IT), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers are used as on-line analyzer. The relationship between structural features and fragmentation patterns should be investigated as thoroughly as possible and hence be applied in the on-line analysis to deduce the structures of detected peaks. Characteristic fragmentation behaviors of the reference standards, as well as information regarding polarity obtained from retention time data, on-line UV spectra, data from the literature and bio-sources of the compounds allowed the identification of the phytochemical constituents in the crude extracts. Although a mass spectrometer is not a universal detector, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS(n)) technique was still proved to be a rapid and sensitive method to analyze the majority of the many constituents in herbal medicines, particularly for the detection of those present in minor or trace amounts. The methods established using HPLC-MS techniques facilitate the convenient and rapid quality control of traditional medicines and their pharmaceutical preparations. However, the quantitative analysis is not the topic of this review.     

超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱法同时检测乳制品中19种抗生素

利用超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱结合数据库建立了乳制品中19种抗生素的分析方法。样品依次经过乙腈和酸化乙腈处理后,冷冻离心浓缩,经超高效液相色谱分离,正离子扫描模式下,在10 min内对19种抗生素进行分离和检测,质量浓度在10～500或15～1000 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为3～5 μg/L,平均回收率为68.4%～96.7%。加标样品的筛查结果表明,保留时间偏差不大于0.1 min,质量偏差小于5 mDa,同位素峰形匹配度不低于87.4%, 19种加标抗生素被全部检测出来,且大部分抗生素获得很高的鉴定评分。对购自本地超市的40余份乳制品进行了筛查分析,未检出阳性样品。该分析方法具有前处理简单、分析速度快、灵敏度高、质量精确度高的特点,可应用于乳制品中抗生素的快速筛查。     

气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查食品中182种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱同时筛查食品中182种香港《食物内残余除害剂规例》农药残留的分析方法。样品经含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,改进的QuEChERS方法净化,采用Agilent HP-5MS色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）进行分离。样品经电子轰击源电离,一级质谱采用全扫描模式完成化合物的定性和定量检测,对疑似物质进行二级谱库检索确证。考察了10种典型食品基质（大米、香菇、黄豆、菠菜、西红柿、西兰花、柚子、胡萝卜、生菜、黄瓜）的基质效应。在10~500 μg/kg范围内,182种目标化合物的线性关系良好（r>0.99）,方法的定量限（S/N≥10）为10~100 μg/kg,在3个添加水平下的平均加标回收率分别为66.1%~121.5%、75.4%~125.8%、77.2%~128.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.8%~17.6%（n=6）。该方法操作简单、耗时短、灵敏度高、稳定性好,可显著降低日常筛查检测的成本,具有实际应用价值。     

Separation and identification of compounds in Adinandra nitida by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source ion trap tandem mass spectrometry

A comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic (2D-LC) separation system based on the combination of a CN column and a Merck Chromolith Flash reversed-phase column was developed for the separation of components in Adinandra nitida, one type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The two dimensions were connected by a ten-port, dual-position valve controlled automatically by software written in-house. The effluents were detected by both ultraviolet and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The calculated peak capacity of the 2D-LC–MS/MS system was above 1240. More than 57 components were resolved in the methanol extract from Adinandra nitida leaves, and five of these were identified based on their relative retention times, molecular weights and MS/MS spectra.     

Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy based discovery of cytotoxic principles from Daphne tangutica Maxim

An ethyl acetate extract from the barks of the ethnic Chinese medicine Daphne tangutica Maxim. exhibited antihepatocellular carcinoma activity against HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. By using high‐performance liquid chromatography based activity profiling in combination with offline liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and NMR analysis, we rapidly identified ten major components of the extract, including seven active principles, coumarins ( 1–4 ) and biscoumarins ( 7, 8, 10 ), along with three inactive flavonoids ( 5, 6, 9 ). This study demonstrated that our combined protocol can be used as an important strategy for chemical profiling, dereplication as well as the identification of bioactive compounds from herbal medicines.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查姜和葱中44种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)快速筛查和确证姜和葱中44种农药残留的分析方法。样品采用QuEChERS技术进行前处理,用含0.1%(v/v)乙酸的乙腈溶液进行提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C_(18))吸附剂净化。使用Poroshell 120 SB-C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下检测,外标法定量。采用全离子MS/MS模式,通过一次数据采集,同时完成化合物的定性筛查和确证。44种化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995。44种化合物的定量限(S/N=10)为2.5~5.0μg/kg,在3个添加水平下的回收率为73.4%~113.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~12.1%(n=6)。该法有效地提高了高分辨质谱进行农药多残留筛查时的检测效率,具有较强的实际应用价值。     

Rapid simultaneous determination of twelve major components in Pien Tze Huang by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

An efficient method using ultra‐performance LC coupled with triple quadrupole MS was developed for the rapid determination of 12 major active components in Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a well‐known traditional Chinese formula. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters XBridge BEH RP18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm id, 1.7 μm) with a gradient mobile phase (A: 0.1% aqueous formic acid and B: acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The chromatographic peaks of 12 components were identified by comparing their retention time and MS data with the related reference compounds. Multiple‐reaction monitoring was employed for the quantitative analysis. Ten batches of PZH were analyzed with a good linear regression relationship (r, 0.9987–0.9995), intraday precisions (RSD, 2.05–4.80%), interday precisions (RSD, 1.99–4.98%), repeatability (RSD, 2.21–4.20%), stability (RSD, 3.52–4.81%), and recovery (95.63–104.80%). By using this established method, the present study offered highly sensitive, specific, and speedy determination of 12 major components, which promoted the quality control investigation of PZH greatly.     

Analysis of phytosterols and phytostanols in enriched dairy products by Fast gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

A Fast gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method for plant sterols/stanols analysis was developed, using a short capillary gas chromatography column (10 m × 0.1 mm internal diameter × 0.1 μm film thickness) coated with 5% diphenyl‐polysiloxane. A silylated mixture of the main plant sterols/stanols standards (β‐sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, campestanol, sitostanol) was well separated in 1.5 min, with a good peak resolution (>1.4, determined on a critical chromatographic peak pair (β‐sitosterol and sitostanol)), repeatability (<13%), and sensitivity (<0.017 ng/mL). The suitability of this Fast chromatography method was tested on plant sterols/stanols‐enriched dairy products (yogurt and milk), which were subjected to lipid extraction, cold saponification, and silylation prior to injection. The analytical performance (sensitivity < 0.256 ng/mL and repeatability < 10.36%) and significant reduction of the analysis time and consumables demonstrate that Fast gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method could be also employed for the plant sterols/stanols analysis in functional dairy products.     

Determining the purity of samples from natural products by coupling HPLC and CCD spectrometry

Isolation and identification of natural products is a very important and active research field. However, establishing the purity of the samples during the isolation process is quite difficult, especially when the retention times are similar for two desired components in HPLC. Although some technologies, e.g. MS and NMR, offer effective ways of obtaining purity information about the samples, the expensive instrumentation required or the off-line nature of coupling (generally speaking) make purity analysis somewhat inconvenient. In this paper, an on-line analytical system coupling HPLC and a CCD spectrometer for determination of purity for each eluate was developed in a thin layer spectrometric cell. The effectiveness of the system was demonstrated by differentiating Tanshinone I, Tanshinone IIA, and their mixture. The time-resolved UV-Vis spectra promptly revealed significant differences between the three samples while conventional single wavelength detection (CSWLD) could not. The system was then used to distinguish two steroid compounds which behaved as a single component in CSWLD. The compounds were isolated from a Chinese marine invertebrate animal, a marine annelid, Arenicola cristata, referred to here as Stimpson. The method reported here provided an efficient, convenient, fast, and inexpensive approach holding promise for on-line determination of the purity of samples isolated from natural products.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查水产品中15种碱性合成色素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速检测水产品中15种碱性合成色素的方法。水产样品经乙腈(含10%(v/v)乙酸)提取,采用C₁₈复合硅胶基质分散管进行样品净化处理。目标物采用C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,四极杆飞行时间串联质谱电喷雾正离子模式检测。结果表明:15种碱性色素的定量限(LOQs, S/N=10)为0.1~100 μg/kg,并在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.993。在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.60%~107.37%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.33%~6.69%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便、灵敏度高,适用于日常水产品中15种碱性合成色素的快速筛查。     

Chemical profiling of Qingfei Paidu Decoction by triplex off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Qingfei Paidu Decoction is a Chinese medicine formula that has been proved effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. However, the comprehensive separation and characterization of Qingfei Paidu Decoction are of a great challenge due to the diversity of chemical components in a wide range of polarity. In this study, a triplex off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry is developed for the analysis of Qingfei Paidu Decoction. One reversed-phase liquid chromatography×hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography system and two reversed-phase liquid chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography systems were constructed to separate polar components and weak-polar components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, respectively. Benefiting from the good orthogonality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography and high sensitivity of quadrupole time-of-flight MS, chemical components with different polarities and content were discovered. A total of 749 peaks were detected in positive and negative ionization mode and presented as a four-dimensional data plot. Meanwhile, 498 compounds belonging to 14 categories were tentatively identified. These results provide good supplementary to elucidate the material basis of Qingfei Paidu Decoction. The triplex off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry strategy can be a powerful and efficient tool for the separation and characterization of chemical substances in traditional Chinese medicine formulas.