SDY型沸石的浸取处理及其对催化性能的影响

分别用Ｎａ２Ｈ２ＥＤＴＡ、Ｈ４ＥＤＴＡ和Ｈｃｌ对ＳＤＹ型沸石的非骨架铝进行了浸取处理，并应用化学分析、ＸＲＤ、高真空苯吸附、低温Ｎ２吸附、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和正庚烷裂解脉冲微型反应等物理和化学实验技术对浸取前后样品的结构、酸性和催化性能进行了研究。发现Ｎａ２Ｈ２ＥＤＴＡ能选择地浸取沉积于沸石微孔和二次孔中的非骨架铝碎片，且不损伤沸石骨架，浸取出部分非骨架铝后的样品，其正庚烷裂解和抗氮性能均有所提高。     

放射性废物微波处理装置有效输出功率的测定

以微波为热源处理放射性废物的相关技术和装备的研究,在国外已经达到较高水平,在我国的相关研究较少。微波加热即物料在微波场中吸收消耗微波能量,并转化为热能用于物料温度升高。对于物料的处理效果主要与微波的有效输出功率有关。参考Schillman法测定了包括放射性废物微波处理装置的微波炉的有效输出功率,且经验证测定结果准确。微波有效输出功率的确定将对放射性废物微波处理工艺的研究打下基础。     

Studies on Natural CXN Zeolite： Modification, Framework De-alumination and Ion-exchange

A natural CXN zeolite (stilbite, type code-STI) discovered in China was modified with NH4^ exchange by using ammonium salt and calcinations (procedure Ⅰ), or with NH4 exchange followed by treatment with acid (procedure Ⅱ). The coordination state of Si and A1 atoms in the framework, the property of ion exchange, and the adsorption of the H-STI zeolite samples prepared by different modification procedure were investigated with XRD,EDX,^29Si and ^27Al MAS NMR, Ag^ ion exchange and Ne adsorption. The results of the investigations indicate that different procedure of the modification made variety on the distribution of the framework Si atoms and A1 atoms,the content of non-framework aluminum, and the blocking channels and the shielding effect to the positions of the exchangeable cations. The H-STI zeolite prepared by the procedure Ⅱ possesses high ion exchange capacity, open and perfect pore system, and high thermal stability.     

CXN天然沸石的研究 V. 结构超稳化

以离子交换结合控制焙烧的方法分别制得结构超稳化高硅H-STI-I和H-STI-II沸石. EDX, ²⁹Si MAS NMR, ²⁷Al MAS NMR, FT-IR等表征证明, 其骨架硅铝原子比分别为4.43和10.62. 分段程序升温焙烧后的沸石样品经粉末XRD表征表明, 其结构热稳定性达到1000 ℃以上. 结构稳定化沸石呈现反映微孔特性的I型吸附等温线, 吸附孔道完美、开放. 经历过酸处理的H-STI-II沸石, 结构缺陷增多, 其热稳定性、比表面积及孔容积略低于H-STI-I.     

Expansion of the ADOR Strategy for the Synthesis of Zeolites: The Synthesis of IPC‐12 from Zeolite UOV

The assembly–disassembly–organization–reassembly (ADOR) process has been used to disassemble a parent zeolite with the UOV structure type and then reassemble the resulting layers into a novel structure, IPC‐12. The structure of the material has previously been predicted computationally and confirmed in our experiments using X‐ray diffraction and atomic resolution STEM‐HAADF electron microscopy. This is the first successful application of the ADOR process to a material with porous layers.     

氮氧化合物分解催化剂Cu／分子筛的ESR研究

某些Ｃｕ／分子筛有很好的ＮＯｘ分解活性，已有许多文献报道了它们的催化活性和结构状态方面的研究结果［１］，但在催化机理等方面还有许多问题需要进一步探讨．ＺＳＭ５和镁碱沸石有比较接近的孔结构，但Ｃｕ／ＺＳＭ５和Ｃｕ／镁碱沸石的催化活性相差甚大．ＥＳＲ...     

CXN天然沸石的研究VII. 骨架高硅超稳化改性

以高硅超稳化辉沸石(STI)为基底沸石,分别经盐酸脱铝或氟硅酸铵脱铝补硅处理后制备的改性H-STI沸石,其非骨架铝含量明显减少,而后者骨架硅铝比进一步提高.X射线荧光散射光谱(XRF),27Al高分辨率魔角旋转固体核磁共振(MASNMR),红外(FT-IR)光谱等表征证明改性后的沸石骨架硅铝原子比分别为6.8和11.4.低温氮吸附表明,经盐酸处理的高硅STI沸石孔道开放完美,但经氟硅酸铵处理的样品孔道被部分堵塞.分段程序升温焙烧表明前者骨架热稳定性略差,1000℃焙烧后结构基本被破坏,而后者热稳定性较好,经相同温度段焙烧后仍保持较高的结晶度和热稳定性,其结构基本实现超稳化.     

用于放射性废水处理的高比表面多孔六氰合铁钛钾/二氧化硅小球的制备

采用一种新方法合成了由六氰合铁钛钾(PTH)与二氧化硅组成的多孔球形杂化材料。其过程分为两步：首先将无定型二氧化钛接枝于球形二氧化硅载体的孔壁上;然后利用TiO²⁺和K₄[Fe(CN)₆]的反应将孔道内的二氧化钛转化为PTH。所制备的杂化材料通过低温氮吸附、XRD、FTIR和XPS等方法进行了表征。结果表明PTH涂层被成功负载于二氧化硅小球的内部孔壁上。所得杂化材料在高酸度和高盐度的情况下仍然对Cs⁺离子表现出了很强的去除能力和很高的分配系数。     

Competitive Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B on Natural Zeolite: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies

A batch system was applied to study the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) in single and binary component systems on natural zeolite. In the single component systems, the zeolite presents higher adsorption capacity for MB than RB with the maximal adsorption capacity of 7.95×10^?5 and 1.26×10^?5 mol/g at 55°C for MB and RB, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐ order kinetics and could be described by a two‐step diffusion process. For the single component systems, the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir model. In the binary component system, MB and RB exhibit competitive adsorption on the zeolite. The adsorption is approximately reduced to 50% and 60% of single component adsorption systems of MB and RB, respectively at an initial concentration of 6×10^?6 mol·L^?1 at 25°C. In the binary component system, kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies demonstrate that the experimental data are following pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm and kinetic data are fairly described by a two‐step diffusion model. Effect of solution pH on adsorption of MB and RB in both single and binary component systems was studied and the results were described by electrostatic interactions.     

Use of Mechanochemical Activation and Ultrasonic Treatment for the Synthesis of LTA Zeolite

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The processes of LTA zeolite synthesis from mixtures of metakaolin and solid sodium hydroxide with an overstoichiometric quantity of alumina (molar...     

Toward Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Zeolites: A Rational Strategy for Fluoride-Free Synthesis of STW-Type Zeolite

The STW-type zeolite is attractive for developing novel enantioselective syntheses/separation of chiral compounds because it is the only chiral zeolitic microporous material whose enantioenriched synthesis has been achieved. In addition to the conventional industries in which zeolites are used, STW should have diverse industrial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, the toxic and caustic fluoride required for synthesizing STW severely hinders its commercialization by mass production. Herein, we report the first example of fluoride-free STW synthesis, in which the two roles of fluoride—formation of a zeolitic framework rich in tetravalent T-atoms and promotion of double 4-membered ring unit formation—were substituted by dry gel conversion and Ge addition, respectively. The STW obtained was highly crystalline, with a similar micropore volume and thermal stability as those of original fluoride-based STW. Our approach is promising not only for the fluoride-free synthesis of enantiomeric STW but also for general fluoride-free syntheses.     

Development of Natural Rubber-Fibrous Nano Clay Attapulgite Composites: The Effect of Chemical Treatment of Filler on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Composites

Common nano clay fillers have layered structure. Some nano clays like Attapulgite (AT), Sepiolite have rod like fibrous structure. Compared to layered structured clay fibrous clay AT can undergo better dispersion in polymer matrix leading to better improvement in composite properties. Chemical modifications of AT are done through amine treatment as well as by amine+silane treatment to get chemically modified fillers AAT and SAT respectively. In the present investigation, nano composites are prepared using natural rubber (NR) filled with AT, AAT and SAT. Three different loadings of each filler are used namely 2.5, 5, and 10 phr (parts per hundred of rubber). Mechanical properties like tensile strength, elongation at break increase with the increase in filler loading up to 5 phr there after these properties marginally fall when loading is increased to 10 phr due to problem of filler dispersion at higher loading. However, modulus at 300% elongation and tear strength increases with the increase in filler loading up to 10 phr. Very similar trend can also be observed for composites with chemically modified fillers, AAT and SAT. But the degree of reinforcement is higher in the case of AAT and SAT compared to that of unmodified filler AT for the same filler loading. This difference is mainly due to better polymer-filler interaction and filler dispersion in the case of chemically modified clays AAT and SAT compared to unmodified AT. Tear strength of composites increases remarkably with the addition of AT and which is further enhanced when chemically modified clays AAT and SAT are added. Dynamic-mechanical analyses of different clay composites give idea about the difference in the degree of polymer–filler interaction due to chemical treatment of filler.     

Reducing Adverse Effects from UV Sunscreens by Zeolite Encapsulation: Comparison of Oxybenzone in Solution and in Zeolites

Oxybenzone (OXB) is one of the most widely employed sunscreen ingredients, yet its allowed load is limited to a maximum of 6% reflecting the frequency with which adverse effects are reported. From a spectroscopic point of view, OXB has excellent absorption properties in both the UVB and UVA regions. We propose that zeolite encapsulation can lead to a sunscreen composite ingredient, that we describe as a supramolecular sunscreen, that will retain the excellent spectroscopic properties of OXB, while preventing contact between the skin and the active ingredient. OXB is very photostable, with the only photodegradative pathway observed being the monophotonic photoejection of electrons that leads to trace yields of phenoxyl radicals; this trace reaction is so minor that it cannot be detected from the recovery of unreacted OXB following UV exposure. Solution, as well as powder and in vitro studies of the supramolecular sunscreen, demonstrate that the protective properties of OXB are totally preserved when encapsulated in zeolite NaY.     

Use of Flexible Diquaternary Structure-directing Agents in Zeolite Synthesis: Discovery of Zeolites TNU-9 and TNU-10 and Their Catalytic Properties

This review summarizes our recent work on zeolite syntheses in the presence of linear diquaternary alkylammonium ions, with the object of controlling the conformations of these flexible, hydrophilic organic structure-directing agents by varying the type and concentration of inorganic components in synthesis mixtures. After describing how we have been concerned about the search for novel zeolite structures through this synthetic strategy, we discuss the cooperative structure-directing effects of 1,4-bis(N-methylpyrrolidinium)butane and specific levels of Na⁺ ions and lattice negative charges introduced by Al substitution on the crystallization of new medium-pore zeolites TNU-9 and TNU-10. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of these two materials are also outlined.     

Investigating the Influence of Column Depth on the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Natural Zeolite

Textile industry production processes generate one of the most highly polluted wastewaters in the world. Unfortunately, the field is also challenged by the availability of relatively cheap and highly effective technologies for wastewater purification. The application of natural zeolite as a depth filter offers an alternative and potential approach for textile wastewater treatment. The performance of a depth filter treatment system can be deeply affected by the column depth and the characteristics of the wastewater to be treated. Regrettably, the information on the potential of these filter materials for the purification of textile wastewater is still scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the potential applicability of natural zeolite in terms of column depth for the treatment of textile wastewater. From the analysis results, it was observed that the filtration efficiencies were relatively low (6.1 to 13.7%) for some parameters such as total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and sodium chloride when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Relatively high efficiency of 82 and 93.8% was observed from color and total suspended solids, respectively, when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Generally, the 0.75 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 52.3% to 97.5%, whereas the 1 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 86.9% to 99.4%. The highest removal efficiency was achieved with a combination of total suspended solids and 1 m column depth (99.4%). In summary, the treatment approach was observed to be highly effective for the removal of total suspended solids, with a 93.8% removal efficiency when the wastewater was subjected to the 0.5 m column depth, 97.5% for 0.75 m column depth, and 99.4% for 1 m column depth. Moreover, up to 218.233 mg of color per g of the filter material was captured. The results derived in this study provide useful information towards the potential applicability of natural zeolite in the textile wastewater treatment field.     

紫外/臭氧法在脱除沸石有机模板剂中的应用

选取LTA, FAU, BETA, MFI和MEL型沸石, 研究紫外/臭氧法在沸石有机模板剂脱除中的应用, 并与传统高温焙烧法比较, 考察两种方法对有机模板剂的脱除能力. 采用XRD, FT-IR, BET等方法对脱除模板剂前后的沸石样品进行表征, 结果表明紫外/臭氧法是一种低温有效除去沸石模板剂的方法. Beta, silicalite-1和silicalite-2沸石在紫外光照后相应的模板剂四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵和四丁基氢氧化铵已彻底脱除, A和Y型沸石中分别有27.5和6.2 wt%的四甲基氢氧化铵模板剂残留, 这主要是受其特殊β笼结构的限制而引起的.     

Natural Zeolite for The Purification of Saline Groundwater and Irrigation Potential Analysis

Groundwater is one of the main sources of water for irrigation used worldwide. However, the application of the resource is threatened by the possibility of high saline levels, especially in low-lying coastal regions. Furthermore, the lack of readily accessible materials for successful treatment procedures makes the purification of such water a constant challenge. Based on the fact that natural zeolite is one of the easily accessible and relatively cheap filter materials, this study examined the potential use of high-salinity groundwater filtered by natural zeolite for irrigation. Zeolite-filled filters at two different depths (0.5 m and 1 m) were studied. The samples were collected from the low-lying areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. The study observed that when the raw groundwater samples were exposed to the 0.5 m column depth, sodium (Na⁺) had the lowest removal efficiency at 40.2% and calcium (Ca²⁺) had the highest removal efficiency at 98.9%. On the other hand, magnesium (Mg²⁺) had the lowest removal efficiency, at about 61.2%, whereas potassium (K⁺) had up to about 99.7% removal efficiency from the 1 m column depth treatment system. Additionally, from the salinity hazard potential analysis, most of the samples fell within C4 (based on the electrical conductivity), which is a “very high salinity” class, and based on the quality it means the water cannot be directly applied for irrigation purposes. From the 0.5 m column depth, most of the samples fell within C3 (the “high salinity” class), and from the 1 m column depth most of the samples fell within C1 (“low salinity” class). The findings of this study offer some valuable insight into the prospective use of natural zeolite for the filtration of saline groundwater before its application for irrigation.     

CXN天然沸石的研究 VI. 耐酸性及不同阳离子型沸石结构的热稳定性

以X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结晶度测定法观测CXN (STI型)天然沸石在不同浓度盐酸(HCl)热溶液中的结构耐酸性, 以及比较和研究用不同方法制备的结构超稳化高硅H-STI-I和H-STI-II沸石及其不同阳离子交换型M-STI (M＝Li, Na, K, Ca, Ag) 系列沸石在程序阶梯升温过程中的结构热稳定性. 用X射线荧光散射(XRF), ²⁹Si与²⁷Al固体核磁共振(MAS NMR)表征超稳化高硅H型沸石的组成与结构性质. 结果表明该天然沸石在浓度低于2 mol/L盐酸中可较长时间保持结构完美. 视阳离子类型不同, 经1173 K焙烧后M-STI-I系列沸石与M-STI-II系列沸石相对结晶度降低百分数分别为2.5%～18% 与0～35%. 在M-STI-I系列沸石中, 焙烧前后相对结晶度下降幅度的次序为K型＜(H, Li, Na)型＜(Ca, Ag)型, 而M-STI-II系列沸石, (Na, K)型＜(Li, H, Ca)型＜Ag型. 从沸石骨架硅铝比、结构缺陷、阳离子种类及其氧化物形成热等方面讨论影响沸石结构热稳定性的因素.     

功能性纳米零价铁的构筑及其对环境放射性核素铀的富集应用研究进展

随着核能的广泛应用和核技术的快速发展,环境中放射性核素铀的污染日益严峻.纳米零价铁（Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron：nZVI）因其具有廉价、制备简便、高表面活性及对铀高效的吸附性能等特性而逐渐成为环境中铀污染处理的良好材料.采用可行的方法制备纳米零价铁复合材料,借助单体材料之间的协同效应可进一步提高材料对铀酰的吸附性能.因此,纳米零价铁复合材料的制备以及应用成为近期环境科学领域的研究热点之一.针对纳米零价铁及其复合材料对环境中铀酰的去除研究进行了概述和展望,包括纳米零价铁及其复合材料的制备方法、去除效果及去除机理,并且简要探讨了纳米零价铁及其复合材料在环境放射性污染治理的应用前景,以期为今后的深入研究和实际应用提供参考依据.