Coherent effects in the perturbative QCD parton jets

The influence of coherence in a soft parton bremsstrahlung on hadron spectra in jets is discussed. We present a simple functional method for calculation of different inclusive parton distributions in the “plateau” region. Inclusive parton cross sections, spectra, multiplicities, energy and angular correlations, etc. are derived in the Double Logarithmic approximation.     

Cold nuclear matter effects on dijet productions in relativistic heavy-ion reactions at LHC

We investigate the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects on dijet productions in high-energy nuclear collisions at LHC with the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD. The nuclear modifications for dijet angular distributions, dijet invariant mass spectra, dijet transverse momentum spectra and dijet momentum imbalance due to CNM effects are calculated by incorporating EPS, EKS, HKN and DS parametrization sets of parton distributions in nucleus. It is found that dijet angular distributions and dijet momentum imbalance are insensitive to the initial-state CNM effects and thus provide optimal tools to study the final-state hot QGP effects such as jet quenching. On the other hand, the invariant mass spectra and the transverse momentum spectra of dijet are generally enhanced in a wide region of the invariant mass or transverse momentum due to CNM effects with a feature opposite to the expected suppression because of the final-state parton energy loss effect in the QGP. The difference of EPS, EKS, HKN and DS parametrization sets of nuclear parton distribution functions is appreciable for dijet invariant mass spectra and transverse momentum spectra at p+Pb collisions, and becomes more pronounced for those at Pb+Pb reactions.     

Unintegrated parton distributions and prompt photon hadroproduction

We introduce a general expression which enables the parton distribution, unintegrated over the parton transverse momentum, to be obtained from the conventional parton densities. We use the formalism to study the effects of the transverse momentum of the incoming partonic system on the calculation of the transverse momentum spectra of prompt photons produced in high energy pp and collisions. For the purposes of illustration, we use the double logarithm approximation. For large we calculate the effect directly from the perturbative formalism, whereas for small we bound the effect using two extreme hypotheses. In both domains we find that the shapes of the prompt photon spectra are not significantly modified, although the cross sections are enhanced. Received: 18 November 1999 / Published online: 27 January 2000     

Final-state interaction as the origin of the Cronin effect

The Cronin effect that refers to the enhancement of hadron spectra at intermediate p(T) with increasing A in pA collisions is traditionally explained in terms of the broadening of the parton transverse momentum in the initial state. We show that recent data on the nuclear modification factor at eta=0 for d+Au collisions can be understood in terms of the recombination of soft and shower partons in the final state. It is the centrality dependence of the soft parton density that leads to the Cronin effect.     

Quenching of hadron spectra due to the collisional energy loss of partons in the quark-gluon plasma

We estimate the energy loss distribution and investigate the quenching of hadron spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions due to the collisional energy loss of energetic partons from hard parton collisions in the initial stage.     

QED radiative correction for the single-W production using a parton shower method

A parton shower method for the photonic radiative correction is applied to single W-boson production processes. The energy scale for the evolution of the parton shower is determined so that the correct soft-photon emission is reproduced. Photon spectra radiated from the partons are compared with those from the exact matrix elements, and show a good agreement. Possible errors due to an inappropriate energy-scale selection or due to the ambiguity of the energy-scale determination are also discussed, particularly for the measurements on triple gauge couplings. Received: 22 February 2001 / Published online: 11 May 2001     

Soft multihadron production from partonic structure and fragmentation functions

We describe a two-chain model for soft multiparticle production in hadronic collisions. The model is formulated in a parton framework and is consistent with the dual topological scheme for the Pomeron. The sole inputs are valence quark structure functions in the colliding hadrons and parton fragmentation functions, both of which are known from “hard” processes. Our model, which contains no adjustable parameters, reproduces the shape, the energy dependence, and the normalization of inclusive spectra both in the central region and in the fragmentation region. The model provides a natural explanation for the ratio of πp topp cross sections.     

Lepton energy spectra in e+e− annihilation and other processes

An analysis is presented of the single inclusive lepton spectra expected from the decay of charmed hadrons or heavier particles with new flavors produced in e⁺e^? annihilation. Extremely soft spectra are found, in contrast to the heavy lepton signal. Good detection efficiency at low momentum will therefore continue to be important in future experiments. A range of plausible inclusive D meson spectra abstracted from a parton fragmentation picture is employed. The model is applicable to other processes.     

Comparing parton energy loss models

The similarities and differences between three commonly used formalisms for radiative parton energy loss in hot strongly interacting matter are discussed. The single gluon emission spectra are evaluated for a model system consisting of a homogeneous medium with a fixed length, the ‘TECHQM brick’. Sizable quantitative differences are found and the origins of these differences are discussed.     

A pQCD-based approach to parton production and equilibration in high-energy nuclear collisions

A pQCD-based model for parton production and equilibration in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is reviewed. The model combines pQCD processes including initial and final state radiations together with string phenomenology for nonperturbative soft processes. Nuclear effects on the initial parton production, such as multiple parton scattering and nuclear shadowing of parton distribution functions are considered. Comparisons with existing data are made and further tests of the model to constrain model parameters are proposed. With the obtained space-time history of the parton production, evolution of the minijet gas toward a fully equilibrated parton plasma is studied. Direct probes of the early parton dynamics, such as pre-equilibrium photon and dilepton production, open charm production, J/ψ suppression and jet quenching are also reviewed.     

Dihadron tomography of high-energy nuclear collisions in next-to-leading order perturbative QCD

Dihadron spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD parton model with modified jet fragmentation functions due to jet quenching. High-p(T) back-to-back dihadrons are found to originate mainly from jet pairs produced close and tangential to the surface of the dense matter. However, a substantial fraction also comes from jets produced at the center with finite energy loss. Consequently, high-p(T) dihadron spectra are found to be more sensitive to the initial gluon density than the single hadron spectra that are more dominated by surface emission. A simultaneous chi(2) fit to both the single and dihadron spectra can be achieved within a range of the energy loss parameter E(0)=1.6-2.1 GeV/fm. Because of the flattening of the initial jet production spectra at square root s=5.5 TeV, high p(T) dihadrons are found to be more robust as probes of the dense medium.     

Can we get deeper inside the pion at the LHC?

We propose a measurement of leading neutrons spectra at LHC in order to extract inclusive π ⁺ p and π ⁺ π ⁺ cross-sections with high p _T jets production. The cross-sections for these processes are simulated with the use of parton distributions in hadrons. In this work we estimate the possibility to extract parton distributions in the pion from the data on these cross-sections and also search for signatures of fundamental differences in the pion and proton structure.     

Non-extensive approach to quark matter

We review the idea of generating non-extensive stationary distributions based on aaabstract composition rules of the subsystem energies, in particular the parton cascade method, using a Boltzmann equation with relativistic kinematics and modified two-body energy composition rules. The thermodynamical behavior of such model systems is investigated. As an application hadronic spectra with power law tails are analyzed in the framework of a quark coalescence model. This paper is part of the Topical Issue Statistical Power Law Tails in High-Energy Phenomena.     

Integrated and Unintegrated Parton Distributions

We compare the twist-2 and twist-4 parton distributions both in integrated and unintegrated parton distributions. We find that when x decreases the difference between the twist-2 and twist-4 parton distributions become obvious except for the valence quark distributions. We hope the future experiments may distinguish whether the twist-4 correction is needed or not and select a reasonable unintegrated parton distribution model.     

Resummation for W and Z production at large p{T}

Soft-collinear effective theory is used to perform threshold resummation for W and Z production at large transverse momentum to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy including matching to next-to-leading fixed-order results. The results agree very well with data from the Tevatron, and predictions are made for the high-p{T} spectra at the LHC. While the higher-log terms are of moderate size, their inclusion leads to a substantial reduction of the perturbative uncertainty. With these improvements, the parton distribution function uncertainties now dominate the error on the predicted cross section.     

Pair production of J/ψ as a probe of double parton scattering at LHCb

We argue that the recent LHCb observation of J/ψ-pair production indicates a significant contribution from double parton scattering, in addition to the standard single parton scattering component. We propose a method to measure the double parton scattering at LHCb using leptonic final states from the decay of two prompt J/ψ mesons.     

Single Transverse Spin Asymmetries at Parton Level

Two factorization approaches have been proposed for single transverse spin asymmetries. One is the cofiinear factorization, the other is the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization. They have been previously derived in a formal way by using diagram expansion at hadron level. If the two factorizations hold or can be proven, they should also hold when we replace hadrons with patton states. We examine these two factorizations at patton level with massless partons. It is nontrivial to generate these asymmetries at parton level with massless patrons because the asymmetries require helicity-flip and nonzero absorptive parts in scattering amplitudes. By constructing suitable patton states with massless partons we derive the two factorizations for the asymmetry in Drell-Yan processes. It is found from our results that the collinear factorization derived at parton level is not the same as that derived at hadron level. Our results with massless partons confirm those derived with single massive parton state in our previous works.     

Hadroproduction of direct <Emphasis Type="Italic">J/ψ</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ψ</Emphasis>′ mesons in the fragmentation of gluons and <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis> quarks at high energies

The transverse-momentum spectra of direct J/ψ and ψ′ mesons in pp interactions at the Tevatron collider energy of \(\sqrt s = 1.8\) TeV are calculated on the basis of nonrelativistic QCD, the fragmentation model, the k_T-factorization approach, and the standard parton model. The contribution of gluon fragmentation is shown to exceed the contribution of c-quark fragmentation both within the parton model and within the k_T-factorization approach. Experimental data of the CDF Collaboration agree with the assumption that gluon fragmentation plays a dominant role in the \(Q\bar Q[^3 S_1 ,8]\) octet state, with the nonperturbative matrix element taking approximately equal values in the parton model and in the k_T-factorization approach.     

Probing quark-distribution amplitudes through generalized parton distributions at large momentum transfer

In the large momentum transfer limit, generalized parton distributions can be calculated through a QCD factorization theorem which involves perturbatively calculable hard kernels and light-cone parton distribution amplitudes of hadrons. We illustrate this through the H(q)(x,xi,t) distribution for the pion and the proton, presenting the hard kernels at leading order. As a result, experimental data on the generalized parton distributions in this regime can be used to determine the functional form of the parton distribution amplitudes which has thus far been quite challenging to obtain. Our result can also be used as a constraint in phenomenological generalized parton distribution parametrizations.