Bingham 流体中蛋白质气泡动力学特性研究

根据粘弹性蛋白质气泡有限变形的应力方程,利用Bingham流体的本构关系,得到Bingham流体中蛋白质气泡在内外压力差、弹性有限变形应力及粘性耗散产生的应力共同作用下内径的非线性振动方程．运用数值方法求解该方程,对蛋白质气泡有限变形的振动特性进行分析．研究了流体的静压力、Bingham流体的特性参数、蛋白质膜的粘弹性对蛋白质气泡振动特性的影响．结果表明,蛋白质气泡膜的振动具有非线性特性,降低气泡内外的压力差,振幅减小,振幅随时间衰减变慢,振动频率降低,平衡时气泡变形小,变形达到平衡时所需的时间也相对较短;增加Bingham流体的塑性粘度会使振幅衰减速度加快,频率降低,平衡时气泡变形小;增加蛋白质膜的粘弹性会抑制气泡的振动,增强气泡承受载荷的能力．     

简单Green函数法模拟三维水下爆炸气泡运动

假定水下爆炸气泡脉动阶段的流场是无旋、不可压缩的,运用势流理论导出气泡边界面运动的控制方程,采用高阶曲面三角形单元离散了维气泡表面,用边界积分法求解气泡的运动．并将计算结果与Rayleigh-Plesset气泡模型和试验数据进行对比分析,分析结果表明高阶曲面单元能够高精度的模拟水下爆炸气泡运动,且比线性单元有多方面的优越性．分别模拟了有、无重力场和刚壁时对气泡运动的影响,并预测了气泡在流场中膨胀、坍塌、迁移、射流形成等苇要动力学行为,同时建立了水下爆炸气泡与圆柱简相互作用的三维模型,模拟了自由液面、圆柱筒附近三维气泡的动力学特性．     

固体－气幕－液体耦合系统广义变分原理

基于驻值势能原理，本文建立了固体－气幕－液体耦合系统的广义变分原理．本文进一步根据薄气幕层的特性，将广义变分原理的相关项适当组合，得出结论，在薄气幕层情况下，固体－气幕－液体三介质耦合问题可以化为在气泡振动方程、速度与压力连续条件限制下的流－固两介质耦合问题来进行数值计算．     

三维缓变流场上波浪折射—绕射的缓坡方程

运用Luke变分原理,建立了波浪在三维缓变流场中和缓变海底上折射-绕射的一般缓坡方程,据此给出了在几何-光学逼近（△↓S)^2=k^2有效时,波浪、环境流和海底坡度必须满足的若干条件,对一般缓坡方程进行了分类,在一种特定流场结构的假定下,得到了方程的行波解。     

功能梯度矩形板的三维弹性分析

将功能梯度三维矩形板的位移变量按双三角级数展开，以弹性力学的平衡方程为基础．导出位移形式的平衡方程。引入状态空间方法，以三个位移分量及位移分量的一阶导数为状态变量，建立状态方程。考虑四边简支的边界条件，由状态方程得到了功能梯度三维矩形板的静力弯曲问题和自由振动问题的精确解。由给出的均匀矩形板自由振动问题的计算结果表明．与已有的理论解以及有限元方法的计算结果相吻合。假设功能梯度三维矩形板的材料常数沿板的厚度方向按照指数函数的规律变化．进一步给出了功能梯度三维矩形板的自由振动问题和静力弯曲问题的算例分析，并讨论了材料性质的梯度变化对板的动力响应和静力响应的影响。     

有限长压电层合简支板自由振动的三维精确解

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论，导出了有限长矩形压电层合简支板的动力学方程及相应的边界条件，给出了一种求解压电层合板自由振动三维精确解的方法；分析了正、逆向压电效应对层合板振动频率的影响．本文所述的方法和结果对于求解其他三维动态问题，验证、比较其他简化模型、有限元计算结果以及工程应用都有指导意义．     

固体—气幕—液体耦合系统广义变分原理

基于驻值势能原理，本文建立了固体－气幕－液体耦合系统的广义变分原理。本文进一步根据薄气幕层的特性，将广义变分原理的相关项适当组合，得出结论：在薄气幕层情况下，固体－气幕－液体三介质耦合问题可以化为在气泡振动方程、速度与压力连续条件限制下的流－固两介质耦合问题来进行数值计算。     

具有缓变轴对称几何缺陷圆柱壳的频率分析

本文采用类似于扁壳理论的方法,处理了圆柱壳轴对称缓变几何缺陷对其弯曲的影响,并建立了具有轴对称缓变几何缺陷圆柱壳的自由振动微分方程。而后,对两端简支的缺陷圆柱壳的自然频率进行了计算和分析。     

固体—气幕—液体耦合问题的水弹性分析

论文对已有的流－固耦合问题的水弹性理论加以扩展，使之满足气泡振动方程、速度连续条件和压力连续条件，以建立固体－气幕－液体耦合问题的水弹性分析方法，用来解气幕中结构的振动问题。     

水平均流中细管排放气泡的三维数值模拟

在液体为无粘不可压，流动有势和气体遵循完全气体绝热关系的假定下，本文应用边界积分方程方法数值模拟了水平均流中垂直细管排放气泡的三维动力学问题，边界采用高阶有限元表达。文中介绍了有关泡面法向矢量、切向速度、曲率和接触线等的计算技术。与已知解的比较，表明了这一数值方法的高精度和优越性。算例显示了水平均流对于气泡形状和体积的影响     

不同发射深度下导弹水下点火气水流体动力计算

从流体动力角度研究了不同发射深度下，导弹水下点火这一非定常非线性过程。整个系统分为外部水流场、喷管流场和燃气泡流场三个区域加以考虑。水流场采用不可压势流模型，用边界元方法求解；喷管内流场采用非定常一元流动模型，用特征线差分法求解，并设置了激波检测功能；燃气泡采用基于质量和能量守恒的零维计算模型。在时间域中用步进方法实现了三个流场的耦合求解。给出了四种发射深度下的数值计算结果，展示了导弹水下点火的一     

Perturbation solution to 3-D nonlinear supercavitating flow problems

A 3-D nonlinear problem of supercavitating flow past an axisymmetric body at a small angle of attack is investigated by means of the perturbation method and Fourier-cosine-expansion method. The first three order perturbation equations are derived in detail and solved numerically using the boundary integral equation method and iterative techniques. Computational results of the hydrodynamic characteristics and cavity shapes of each order are presented for nonaxisymmetric supercavitating flow past cones with various apex-angles at different cavitation numbers. The numerical results are found in good agreement with experimental data. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Asymptotic solutions of the flow of a Johnson-Segalman fluid through a slowly varying pipe using double perturbation strategy

A double perturbation strategy is presented to solve the asymptotic solutions of a Johnson-Segalman (J-S) fluid through a slowly varying pipe. First, a small parameter of the slowly varying angle is taken as the small perturbation parameter, and then the second-order asymptotic solution of the flow of a Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe is obtained in the first perturbation strategy. Second, the viscoelastic parameter is selected as the small perturbation parameter in the second perturbation strategy to solve the asymptotic solution of the flow of a J-S fluid through a slowly varying pipe. Finally, the parameter effects, including the axial distance, the slowly varying angle, and the Reynolds number, on the velocity distributions are analyzed. The results show that the increases in both the axial distance and the slowly varying angle make the axial velocity slow down. However, the radial velocity increases with the slowly varying angle, and decreases with the axial distance. There are two special positions in the distribution curves of the axial velocity and the radial velocity with different Reynolds numbers, and there are different trends on both sides of the special positions. The double perturbation strategy is applicable to such problems with the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a slowly varying pipe.     

基于渗透率连续变化的低渗透多孔介质非线性渗流模型

基于低渗透多孔介质渗透率的渐变理论,确定了能精确描述低渗透多孔介质渗流特征的非线性运动方程,并通过实验数据拟合．验证了非线性运动方程的有效性。非线性渗流速度关于压力梯度具有连续-阶导数,方便于工程计算;由此建立了低渗透多孔介质的单相非线性径向渗流数学模型,并巧妙采用高效的Douglas-Jones预估一校正有限差分方法求得了其数值解。数值结果分析表明：非线性渗流模型为介于拟线性渗流模型和达西渗流模型之间的一种中间模型或理想模型,非线性渗流模型和拟线性渗流模型均存在动边界;拟线性渗流高估了启动压力梯度的影响,使得动边界的移动速度比实际情况慢得多;非线性越强,地层压力下降的范围越小,地层压力梯度越陡峭,影响地层压力的敏感性减弱,而影响地层压力梯度的敏感性增强。     

Existence and Stability of Multidimensional Transonic Flows through an Infinite Nozzle of Arbitrary Cross-Sections

We establish the existence and stability of multidimensional steady transonic flows with transonic shocks through an infinite nozzle of arbitrary cross-sections, including a slowly varying de Laval nozzle. The transonic flow is governed by the inviscid potential flow equation with supersonic upstream flow at the entrance, uniform subsonic downstream flow at the exit at infinity, and the slip boundary condition on the nozzle boundary. Our results indicate that, if the supersonic upstream flow at the entrance is sufficiently close to a uniform flow, there exists a solution that consists of a C ^1,α subsonic flow in the unbounded downstream region, converging to a uniform velocity state at infinity, and a C ^1,α multidimensional transonic shock separating the subsonic flow from the supersonic upstream flow; the uniform velocity state at the exit at infinity in the downstream direction is uniquely determined by the supersonic upstream flow; and the shock is orthogonal to the nozzle boundary at every point of their intersection. In order to construct such a transonic flow, we reformulate the multidimensional transonic nozzle problem into a free boundary problem for the subsonic phase, in which the equation is elliptic and the free boundary is a transonic shock. The free boundary conditions are determined by the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions along the shock. We further develop a nonlinear iteration approach and employ its advantages to deal with such a free boundary problem in the unbounded domain. We also prove that the transonic flow with a transonic shock is unique and stable with respect to the nozzle boundary and the smooth supersonic upstream flow at the entrance.     

Quasi-periodic waves and quasi-solitary waves in stratified fluid of slowly varying depth

The nonlinear waves in a stratified fluid of slowly varying depth are investigated in this paper. The model considered here consists of a two-layer incompressible constantdensity inviscid fluid confined by a slightly uneven bottom and a horizontal rigid wall. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation with varying coefficients is derived with the aid of the reductive perturbation method. By using the method of multiple scales, the approximate solutions of this equation are obtained. It is found that the unevenness of bottom may lead to the generation of so-called quasi-periodic waves and quasisolitary waves, whose periods, propagation velocities and wave profiles vary slowly. The relations of the period of quasiperiodic waves and of the amplitude, propagation velocity of quasi-solitary waves varying with the depth of fluid are also presented. The models with two horizontal rigid walls or single-layer fluid can be regarded as particular cases of those in this paper.Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Nonlinear natural frequency of shallow conical shells with variable thickness

IntroductionTheplatesandtheshellswithvariablethicknessarewidelyusedinengineering .Theproblemaboutstaticshasbeenstudiedbymanyscholars;therearemanyRefs .[1 -4 ]inthisfield .Papersaboutnonlineardynamicsaremuchless[5 ,6 ].Inthispaper,selectingthemaximumamplitudeinthecenterofshallowconicalshellswithvariablethicknessasperturbationparameter,thenonlinearnaturalfrequencyofshallowconicalshellswithvariablethicknessisobtainedbymethodgiveninRef.[7] .Thenonlinearnaturalfrequencyisnotonlyconnectedwiththeva…     

Free surface asymptotics for thermocapillary flow at high marangoni numbers

Formal asymptotic expansions of the solution of the steady-state problem of incompressible flow in an unbounded region under the influence of a given temperature gradient along the free boundary are constructed for high Marangoni numbers. In the boundary layer near the free surface the flow satisfies a system of nonlinear equations for which in the neighborhood of the critical point self-similar solutions are found. Outside the boundary layer the slow flow approximately satisfies the equations of an inviscid fluid. A free surface equation, which when the temperature gradient vanishes determines the equilibrium free surface of the capillary fluid, is obtained. The surface of a gas bubble contiguous with a rigid wall and the shape of the capillary meniscus in the presence of nonuniform heating of the free boundary are calculated.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 61–67, May–June, 1989.     

Modulation theory for the steady forced KdV–Burgers equation and the construction of periodic solutions

We present a multiple-scale perturbation technique for deriving asymptotic solutions to the steady Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, perturbed by external sinusoidal forcing and Burger’s damping term, which models the near resonant forcing of shallow water in a container. The first order solution in the perturbation hierarchy is the modulated cnoidal wave equation. Using the second order equation in the hierarchy, a system of differential equations is found describing the slowly varying properties of the cnoidal wave. We analyse the fixed point solutions of this system, which correspond to periodic solutions to the perturbed KdV equation. These solutions are then compared to the experimental results of Chester and Bones (1968).