马蹄金中黄酮成分分析

为了进一步开发利用马蹄金的资源,用光谱法对马蹄金中黄酮类成分进行定性分析和定量测定,并利用正交设计优选马蹄金中总黄酮的提取条件。结果表明,马蹄金中含有黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类等多种黄酮成分。总黄酮提取的最佳条件是:用70%乙醇在50℃下超声波提取1.5h、提取体积80mL、提取一次。马蹄金中总黄酮的含量为0.937%,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD=0.38%(n=6)。此结果为马蹄金药效功能的进一步研究和资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

金毛狗中黄酮成分与微量元素的分析测定

为了进一步开发利用金毛狗的资源,对金毛狗中黄酮成分进行了分析,并采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)对其中的10种微量元素进行测定.结果表明,金毛狗中总黄酮提取的最佳条件是:在50C下用60%乙醇超声波提取1.0h、提取体积100mL、提取二次.金毛狗中总黄酮的含量为0.796%,平均回收率100.6%,RSD=0.84%(n=6).金毛狗中含有非常丰富的Fe、Ca、Mg、Ni、Zn、Mn、Cu等多种人体必需的微量元素,其中Ca含量最高,Cu含量低,有毒有害的元素Pb、Cd均未检出.此结果为金毛狗药效功能的进一步研究和资源开发利用提供科学依据.     

微波消解-AAS测定柑橘中9种微量元素含量

采用石墨炉和火焰原子吸收光谱法(AAS),测定了温州特产瓯柑和樟橘的果皮、肉汁和外衣中的9种微量元素。结果表明,果皮、果肉汁和外衣中含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,且外衣和果皮中的微量元素含量高于肉汁中的微量元素含量。这为瓯柑和樟橘药效功能的综合开发利用提供科学依据。     

超声波法提取苦丁茶总黄酮含量的工艺

采用超声波提取法,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出苦丁茶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.苦丁茶总黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1:30,乙醇浓度70%,超声功率80W,提取时间20min.在此条件下,苦丁茶中的总黄酮含量为21.151mg/g,RSD=0.85%(n=3).     

不同产地三叶木通中总黄酮含量的测定

考察了超声波提取法对三叶木通总黄酮提取的影响条件,其最优条件为:提取次数3次,料液比1:30(g/mL),提取时间30min,乙醇浓度60%。用超微量微孔板分光光度法对不同产地,不同部位三叶木通总黄酮含量进行测定,结果表明,不同产地三叶木通之间总黄酮含量差异显著,不同部位之间差异也显著,可见不同产地因不同的生长环境、温度、湿度等因素对三叶木通总黄酮含量影响较大。本实验为以后更好的开发利用三叶木通资源提供一定的理论依据和指导意义。     

空心莲子草总黄酮的提取工艺

确定空心莲子草总黄酮最佳提取工艺.采用微波辅助法提取空心莲子草中的黄酮类化合物,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺.以芦丁为对照,采用紫外分光光度法在260nm处测定其中的总黄酮.最佳工艺条件:乙醇浓度40%,固液比1:20,微波辐射40s,微波功率320W,间歇提取2次.按最佳工艺条件提取总黄酮含量为30.012mg/g.回归方程为;y=33.21C+0.0106,相关系数r=0.9998,精密度试验RSD分别为1.1461(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=2.43%(n=6).样品的稳定性试验RSD为0.048%(120min).选择的最佳工艺对提取空心莲子草总黄酮确为最佳.用芦丁标准品,采用紫外分光光度法,操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,为空心莲子草中总黄酮含量测定的一种切实可行的方法.     

积雪草总黄酮提取工艺和含量测定研究

确定积雪草总黄酮最佳提取工艺和含量测定方法,采用微波辅助法提取积雪草中的黄酮类化合物,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取工艺.分别以槲皮素和山奈酚为对照,采用紫外分光光度法在320nm处测定积雪草全草中的总黄酮.最佳工艺条件:提取次数3次,辐射时间20s,固液比1:10,功率480W.按最佳工艺条件提取总黄酮含量为8.40mg/g.回归方程为(槲皮素):y=29.993C+0.027,相关系数r2=0.9982,精密度和稳定性试验RSD分别为0.265%和0.172%(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=1.51%(n=5).回归方程为(山奈酚):y=36.928C+0.0178,相关系数rz=0.9991,精密度和稳定性试验的RSD分别为0.231%和0.190%(n≥6),平均加样回收率为99%,RSD=0.714%(n=5),样品的稳定性试验RSD为0.218%(60min).选择的最佳工艺对提取积雪草全草总黄酮确为最佳.用槲皮素或山奈酚标准品,采用紫外分光光度法,操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,为积雪草全草中总黄酮含量测定的一种切实可行的方法.     

香蕉皮中总黄酮的提取工艺

采用回流法进行香蕉皮中总黄酮的提取实验研究。以芦丁的含量为考察指标,用紫外分光光度法测定其含量,采用正交试验法对提取工艺条件进行优化,得出最佳提取工艺条件为:40%乙醇溶液;回流时间120min、提取温度90℃、料液比1:50(g/mL),在此工艺条件下测得香蕉皮中总黄酮的含量为0.946%。     

峨崛岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮提取工艺研究

采用微波辅助提取法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优选出峨嵋岩白菜叶和根状茎总黄酮微波最佳提取工艺.实验结果表明,峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%.料液比1:30.微波时间60s/次,微波功率480w,提取次数为3次,黄酮含量为15.181mg/g;根状茎中总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,料液比1:20,微波时间75s/次,微波功率480w,提取次数为2次,黄酮含量为2.066mg/g.峨嵋岩白菜叶中总黄酮含量较根状茎中丰富,微波辅助提取法适合峨嵋岩白菜有效成分的提取.     

超声波法提取黄山杜鹃总黄酮的工艺

以乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间三因素进行正交试验,研究黄山杜鹃总黄酮的提取工艺.研究结果表明,黄山杜鹃总黄酮提取最佳工艺为:乙醇浓度60％、料液比1∶30g/mL、提取时间35min,在此条件下提取液总黄酮含量为31.065mg/g,平均回收率为99.88％,RSD=1.75％(n=5).     

First-Principles Study on the Electronic Structures for Y^3＋：PbWO4 Crystals

The possible defect models of Y^3＋：PbWO4 crystals are discussed by defect chemistry and the most possible substituting positions of the impurity Y^3＋ ions are studied by using the general utility lattice program （GULP）. The calculated results indicate that in the lightly doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, the main compensating mechanism is [2Ypb^＋ ＋ VPb^2-], and in the heavily doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, it will bring interstitial oxygen ions to compensate the positive electricity caused by YPb^＋, forming defect clusters of [2Ypb^＋ ＋Oi^2-] in the crystal. The electronic structures of Y3＋ ：PWO with different defect models are calculated using the DV-Xα method. It can be concluded from the electronic structures that, for lightly doped cases, the energy gap of the crystal would be broadened and the 420nm absorption band will be restricted; for heavily doped cases, because of the existence of interstitial oxygen ions, it can bring a new absorption band and reduce the radiation hardness of the crystal.     

Tunable Nongeometric Phase Gates for Two Hot Ions via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark States

We propose a scheme for implementing nongeometric phase gates fbr two trapped ions via adiabatic passage of dark states. During the operation, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, thus the scheme is insensitive to heating. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission is suppressed since the ions are always in the electronic ground states. The scheme is robust against small fluctuations of parameters, and the conditional phase is tunable.     

Fisher Information of Wavefunctions： Classical and Quantum

A parametric quantum mechanical wavefunction naturally induces parametric probability distributions by taking absolute square, and we can consider its classical Fisher information. On the other hand, it also induces parametric rank-one projections which may be viewed as density operators, and we can talk about its quantum Fisher information. Among many versions of quantum Fisher information, there are two prominent ones. The first, defined via a quantum score function, was introduced by Helstrom in 1967 and is well known. The second, defined via the square root of the density operator, has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 and remains relatively unnoticed. This study is devoted to investigating the relationships between the classical Fisher information and these two versions of quantum Fisher information for wavefunctions. It is shown that the two versions of quantum Fisher information differ by a factor 2 and that they dominate the classical Fisher information. The non-coincidence of these two versions of quantum Fisher information may be interpreted as a manifestation of quantum discord. We further calculate the difference between the Helstrom quantum Fisher information and the classical Fisher information, and show that it is precisely the instantaneous phase fluctuation of the wavefunctions.     

Photo-thermal Shot Noise in End Mirrors of LIGO due to Correlation of Power Fluctuation

The effect of input power fluctuation on photo-thermal shot noise in the end mirrors of a laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory （LIGO） is analysed according to the statistical optics, which is a supplement of Braginsky＇s research. The laser light folding in LIGO increases a correlation of input power fluctuation in the photo-thermal shot noise. This part of noise has spectral density proportional to -2 in low frequency bands, and -4 in high frequency bands. It is not a white noise and may affect the processing about data of interferometers. To obtain an advanced LIGO, photo-thermal shot noise in end mirrors due to correlation of input power fluctuation is up to Braginsky＇s photo-thermal noise in the frequency range 1-100 Hz.     

Application of Electron-Shelving Detection via 423 nm Transition in Calcium-Beam Optical Frequency Standard

A new scheme of small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam with application of 423 nm shelving detection and sharp-angle velocity selection detection is proposed. Combining these presented techniques, we conclude that a small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam will outperform the commercial caesium-beam microwave dock, like the 5071 Cs clock （from Hp to Agilent, now Symmetricom company）, both in accuracy and stability.     

Effects of in situ thermal annealing on the structural, optical, and electrical properties in Hg0.7Cd0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission, and Hall effect measurements were performed to investigate the structural, optical, and electrical properties of as-grown and in situ-annealed Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers by using molecular beam epitaxy. After the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers had been annealed in a Hg-cell flux atmosphere, the SEM images showed that the surface morphologies of the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te thin films were mirror-like with no indication of pinholes or defects, and the FTIR spectra showed that the transmission intensities had increased in comparison to that of the as-grown Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayer. Hall-effect measurements showed that n-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers were converted to p-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers. These results indicate that the surface, optical, and electrical properties of the Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers are improved by annealing and that as-grown n-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers can be converted to p-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers by in situ annealing.     

Suppression of Chaos and Phase Locking in Two Coupled Nonidentical Neurons under Periodic Input

Dynamical behaviour of two coupled neurons with at least one of them being chaotic is presented. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents are calculated to diagnose the dynamical behaviour of the coupled neurons with the increasing coupling strength. It is found that when the coupling strength increases, a chaotic neuron can be controlled by the coupling between neurons. At the same time, phase locking is studied by the maxima of the differences of instantaneous phases and average frequencies between two coupled neurons, and the inherent connection of phase locking and the suppression of chaos is formulated. It is observed that the onset of phase locking is closely related to the suppression of chaos. Finally, a way for suppression of chaos in two coupled nonidentical neurons under periodic input is suggested.     

Fabrication of Long-Period Fibre Gratings Using 800 nm Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Long-period fibre gratings inside standard single-mode optical communication fibres are successfully fabricated with infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The refractive index perturbations are well confined within the fibre core by choosing the proper laser focusing parameters and translation speed of the fibre during the direct laser writing process. With the self-focusing effect considered and at a constant average irradiation dose of 1.62 × 10^3 J/（cm^2μm）, the threshold intensity for fabricating long-period gratings with infrared femtosecond laser pulses is determined to be 5.13 × 10^13 W/cm2.     

Micro-Photoluminescence Confocal Mapping of Single V-Grooved GaAs Quantum Wire

We perform the micro-photoluminescence measurement at low temperatures and a scanning optical mapping with high spatial resolution of a single V-grooved GaAs quantum wire modified by the selective ion-implantation and rapid thermally annealing. While the mapping shows the luminescences respectively from the quantum wires and from quantum well areas between quantum wires in general, the micro-photoluminescence at liquid He temperatures reveals a plenty of spectral structures of the PL band for a single quantum wire. The spectral structures are attributed to the inhomogeneity and non-uniformity of both the space structure and compositions of real wires as well as the defects nearby the interface between quantum wire and surrounding quantum well structures. All these make the excitons farther localized in quasi-zero-dimensional quantum potential boxes related to these non-uniformity and/or defects. The results also demonstrate the ability of micro-photoluminescence measurement and mapping for the characterization of both opto-electronic and structural properties of real quantum wires.