The comparison between the Mie theory and the Rayleigh approximation to calculate the EM scattering by partially charged sand

The Mie theory and Rayleigh approximation are two basic methods to study the EM scattering of uncharged spherical particle, and when the particle radius is much smaller than the incident wavelength, they are equivalent, but whether the Rayleigh approximation is still equivalent to Mie theory when we use them to calculate the EM scattering of small charged particle, there is still no any report published to discuss this problem. In this paper we make some comparisons between Mie theory and Rayleigh approximation to solve the EM scattering of partially electrification spherical particles. The results showed that the Mie theory would be more suitable to calculate the scattering of charged spherical particles.     

微小颗粒的光散射数值模拟

简单介绍了以经典Mie理论为基础的光散射测量技术在颗粒直径和颗粒浓度测量中广泛的应用。分别以Mie理论和离散偶极子近似理论(DDA)为基础, 用数值计算方法分析了球型颗粒的光散射特性，给出了微小颗粒对平行入射光散射的强度函数和散射偏振度的数值计算方法。得到了强度函数和偏振度随相关物理参量变化的三维图，为微小颗粒散射研究提供了一种三维视图。计算结果表明：当尺度参量x＜4时，2种方法所得结果差异不大；随尺度参量增大，2种方法所得结果出现较大差异。与经典Mie理论相比，由于离散偶极子近似理论可以解决各种形状的颗粒散射问题，其应用前景更广泛。     

Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry in Concentrated Suspensions Part One: Effects of the Monolayer Structure

The theory of transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) was recently developed for particle size analysis in dilute flowing particle suspensions, whereby the statistical transmission fluctuations are used to extract the particle size distribution and particle concentration.     

THE PROBLEM OF MOTION IN THE KALUZA THEORY

It is shown that the equations of motion for a charged massive particle are consequences of the field equations in Kaluza unification theory of gravitation and electromagnetism, i.e., the equations of motion for the particle can be deduced from Kaluza field equations, just as that in Einstein's theory of motion of general relativity the equations of motion for a massive particle are consequences of the Einstein equations. Furthermore, the Lorentz equations for a particle maving in the Maxwell electromagnetic field on the Minkowskian space-time can also be obtained from the Maxwell equations by means of the Kaluze mechanism of the Maxwell theory.     

用于乙烯环氧化反应的CuCs掺杂银基催化剂设计

最近的理论研究筛选出CuCs掺杂Ag基催化剂是一种高效的乙烯环氧化催化剂[ACS Catal. 11,3371 (2021)]. 然而,该工作是基于研究表面建模预测Ag基催化剂的性能,在实际反应过程中,Ag基催化剂是颗粒状的. 本文结合密度函数理论、Wulff构造理论和微观动力学分析来研究Ag基催化剂在颗粒模型上的催化性能. 研究表明,CuCs掺杂Ag基催化剂在选择性和活性方面都优于纯Ag基催化剂,这一点通过实验得到了证明. 进一步地表征分析发现,CuCs掺杂能促进颗粒的生长以及颗粒的分散,从而形成富含晶界的Ag颗粒. 此外,CuCs促进了催化剂表面亲电氧的形成,这均有利于环氧乙烷的形成和解吸. 本工作为理论与实验相结合的催化剂设计提供了一个案例研究.     

The theory of nonstationary thermophoresis of a solid spherical particle

The theory of nonstationary thermophoresis of a solid spherical particle in a viscous gaseous medium is presented. The theory is constructed on the solutions of fluid-dynamics and thermal problems, each of which is split into stationary and strictly nonstationary parts. The solution of the stationary parts of the problems gives the final formula for determining the stationary component of the thermophoretic velocity of this particle. To determine the nonstationary component of the thermophoretic velocity of the particle, the corresponding formula in the space of Laplace transforms is derived. The limiting value theorems from operational calculus are used for obtaining the dependence of the nonstationary component of the thermophoretic velocity of the spherical particle on the strictly nonstationary temperature gradient for large and small values of time. The factors determining the thermophoretic velocity of the particle under investigation are determined.     

First principles calculations of the volume dependence of the spin susceptibility for Li and Na

The new variational principle-density functional theory of the spin susceptibility has been used to calculate its volume dependence for Li and Na. The results are compared with recent experiments and previous theories. The exchange-correlation functionals are treated in the local spin density approximation. The single particle electron states are treated in the spherical cell approximation. The agreement between the new theory and experiment is very good for Na and quite acceptable for Li when OPW values of the single particle density of states are used. The results of the new theory are superior to those of the previous theories.     

A study of particle number fluctuation under BCS theory

Particle number fluctuations in BCS theory are studied with the relativistic mean-field theory and the shell effects of particle number fluctuations are first discovered. By analyzing the relative errors of the particle number fluctuations, we find that the particle number fluctuations are relevant with the odd-even character. We later apply this method to the examination of the new shell structure, showing that N = 184 for the neutron is indeed a new closed shell.     

Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and applications

The basic formulas of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory are presented, and are applied to scattering of a focused Gaussian laser beam by a spherical particle. Various applications of focused beam scattering are also described, such as optimizing the rate at which morphology-dependent resonances are excited, laser trapping, particle manipulation, and the analysis of optical particle sizing instruments. Each of these applications requires either special positioning the beam with respect to the particle or illumination of only part of the particle by the beam.     

Fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of a moving neutral particle with a condensed-medium surface: relativistic approach

A relativistic theory of the fluctuation-electromagnetic interaction of a moving small particle with a flat boundary of a homogeneous isotropic polarizable medium is presented for the first time with a maximum degree of completeness. The theory is based on the dipole approximation of fluctuation-electromagnetic theory. Fundamental relativistic expressions are derived for conservative and dissipative forces and heating power of a particle. These expressions reduce to earlier nonrelativistic results in particular cases. The results obtained in other approaches and experimental studies of fluctuation-electromagnetic interactions are critically analyzed.     

Some formulations of light scattering in laser flowmeters employing differential Doppler heterodyning

The theory for the Doppler shifted light is developed by diffraction theory combined with galilean transformation. The theory developed is applied to a differential Doppler heterodyning technique in which two beams are brought simultaneously, but at different angles, into the same area, and the cross region made by the two beams becomes a probing volume. When the concentration of scattering particles is so low that only one particle is found in the probing volume, the theory can be classified into two cases of a single particle and many particles depending on the analysing time for the Fourier transform, i.e. whether the time, during which one particle passes through the probing volume, is longer than the observing time or not. When the concentration of particles in the probing volume becomes dense, the light scattered by the different particles interferes and the theory shows great complexity. The cases of two particles and many particles showing a very high density are studied. Comparisons are made for the difference between differential Doppler heterodyning and normal heterodyning techniques.     

Topological defects in cosmology

Present status of theories of topological defects in particle theory models of the early Universe is discussed. Various consequences of topological defects in cosmology, such as constraints on particle theory models, structure formation etc. are discussed.     

Polydisperse particle size characterization by ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy in the micrometer range

The theoretical advantages of ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy for particle size are currently not fully utilized. Especially in the region of larger particles, there is a lack of experimental confirmation of applicable models which may be used to infer particle sizes from measured attenuation spectra. With the present work, an attempt is made to supply experimental data, obtained with a commercially available ultrasonic attenuation spectrometer, and model calculations, which are based on the resonant scattering theory. It is shown that measured attenuation results for various combinations of disperse and continuous phase for both polydisperse emulsions and suspensions are reproducible by calculation. The approach is further examined for suspensions of porous particles. Here, the resonant scattering approach is combined with the Biot model for poroelasticity to obtain attenuation results with several fractions of titania aggregates, differing in particle size and pore diameter. The results indicate that the theory of resonant scattering is a valid approach if applied to particle size characterization in the large particle limit.     

有挠量子引力和无鬼de Sitter引力(Ⅰ)——线性协变规范下的有挠引力

本文在最一般的线性协变规范下计算了含有17个参数的有挠引力理论的传播子,发现拉氏函数中有三项对理论的粒子内容无影响。1^-粒子是规范有关的非物理粒子,与原始拉氏量是否无鬼、无快子没有关系。 关键词：     

Transition radiation of a charged particle crossing the waveguide filled with a dispersive dielectric medium perpendicularly to the waveguide axis

The theory of charged particle transition radiation is developed for the case when the particle crosses the waveguide, which is filled with a piecewise-homogeneous dielectric, perpendicularly to the waveguide axis. The cases where the charged particle is flying between two dispersive plates and between two thin impedance films are considered.     

Scalar-tensor theories of gravitation: Foundations and prospects

A generalization of Einstein's theory is discussed in which the gravitation is described by a tensor and a scalar field. The theory is more consistent with Mach's principle and less reliant on absolute properties of space. The modification involves a violation of the “strong principle of equivalence” on which Einstein's theory is based. In the original version of this new theory, the “constant” of gravitationG is varying and particle masses are fixed. Later on another version of the theory was given in whichG is truly a constant and the particle masses vary. The two versions are related by a conformal transformation. The physical and mathematical foundations of this theory have been discussed and the field equations have been derived. The astrophysical and cosmological consequences of the theory have been elaborately reviewed.     

无限细光束中透射起伏时间相关频谱法高浓度效应的模拟

时间或空间相关透射起伏频谱法是近年发展起来的一种新的颗粒测量方法,它可同时测量颗粒粒径分布和浓度,并可用来进行在线、实时测量。研究表明,随着浓度增大,逐渐增强的高浓度效应会导致测量值越来越严重地偏离理论值。本文采用模拟计算方法讨论无限细光束照射下的时间相关透射起伏频谱法高浓度效应并给出部分实验验证。分析表明,无限细光束照射时的透射起伏相关频谱主要受到层结构效应的影响,颗粒交叠效应不明显,表明为随着颗粒浓度增大,转换函数(特征函数)逐渐偏离低浓度理论值并向无因次相关时间小的方向移动,阶高始终保持不变。     

物质结构在夸克-轻子层次上的动力学规律和研究发展趋势

文章综述了粒子物理中标准模型理论的历史发展、面临挑战以及未来的发展趋势.目前阶段物质结构最小组成单元是夸克和轻子,量子色动力学是描述夸克-胶子之间强相互作用的基本理论,它具有渐近自由和夸克禁闭的特点.量子色动力学和电弱统一理论一起构成粒子物理中标准模型理论.标准模型理论成功同时也面临两大挑战:对称性破缺的本质和夸克禁闭难题,这意味着标准模型理论需要发展和突破.人们期望粒子物理学、天文学和宇宙学交叉发展联手解决物质结构和早期宇宙研究中面临的难题,最终揭示超出标准模型的新物理规律.     

A stochastic theory for deep bed filtration accounting for dispersion and size distributions

We develop a stochastic theory for filtration of suspensions in porous media. The theory takes into account particle and pore size distributions, as well as the random character of the particle motion, which is described in the framework of the theory of continuous-time random walks (CTRW). In the limit of the infinitely many small walk steps we derive a system of governing equations for the evolution of the particle and pore size distributions. We consider the case of concentrated suspensions, where plugging the pores by particles may change porosity and other parameters of the porous medium. A procedure for averaging of the derived system of equations is developed for polydisperse suspensions with several distinctive particle sizes. A numerical method for solution of the flow equations is proposed. Sample calculations are applied to compare the roles of the particle size distribution and of the particle flight dispersion on the deposition profiles. It is demonstrated that the temporal flight dispersion is the most likely mechanism forming the experimentally observed hyperexponential character of the deposition profiles.