狗枣猕猴桃叶化学成分研究

从狗枣猕猴桃叶中分离得到7个黄酮类化合物, 经1D NMR, 2D NMR和MS等波谱分析, 鉴定它们的化学结构分别为山柰甲黄素-3-O-芸香糖苷(Ⅰ)、 山柰甲黄素-7-O-(4"-O-乙酰基鼠李糖基)-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、山柰甲黄素-7-O-(4"-O-乙酰基鼠李糖基)-3-O-芸香糖苷(Ⅲ)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(Ⅴ)、山柰甲黄素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)和山柰甲黄素-7-O-鼠李糖基-3-O-芸香糖苷(Ⅶ). 其中化合物Ⅰ, Ⅱ和Ⅲ为新化合物, Ⅳ, Ⅴ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

狗枣猕猴桃叶化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

从狗枣猕猴桃叶中分离出4个新的黄酮类化合物, 经1D NMR, 2D NMR及ESI-MS等波谱分析鉴定了其结构, 分别是4'-甲氧基-槲皮素-7-O-(4"-O-乙酰基-鼠李糖基)-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1), 山柰甲黄素-7-O-(3"-O-乙酰基-鼠李糖基)-3-O-芸香糖苷(2), 山柰酚-7-O-(4"-O-乙酰基-鼠李糖基)-3-O-芸香糖苷(3)和4'-甲氧基-槲皮素-7-O-(4"-O-乙酰基-鼠李糖基)-3-O-芸香糖苷(4).     

藿香的化学成分分析

从藿香茎叶的乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定出5个化合物:异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(1)、金丝桃苷(2)、3,5,8,3,′4′-五羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、尼泊尔鸢尾异黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(4)和正三十烷酸(5).其中化合物3和4为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

二维液相色谱分离及鉴定滁菊中的多酚类化合物

将Lichrospher diol-5亲水柱和Cortecs C18+反相柱组合,构建了亲水/反相二维液相色谱系统(HILIC/RPLC),理论峰容量为1 117。采用表面积覆盖法定量计算该系统分离多酚类化合物的正交性指数SCG为0.56,表明二维柱系统有着良好的峰分辨率和正交性。利用该系统对滁菊样品甲醇提取液中的多酚进行分离和鉴定,在二维空间中分离得到23个物质的色谱峰,通过对比标准样品和滁菊样品的保留时间和紫外吸收光谱,鉴定出13种多酚类物质,包括芹菜素、香叶木素、金合欢素、金合欢素-7-O-葡糖苷、绿原酸、异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、香叶木素-7-O-葡糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-芸香苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、槲皮素苷、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、芹菜苷。首次发现滁菊中含有异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-芸香苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、芹菜苷等多酚类化合物。其中,异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷首次发现存在于菊属植物中。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备乌药叶中的黄酮类成分

应用高速逆流色谱法分离制备了乌药叶中的黄酮类成分。以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-冰醋酸-水(体积比为2∶4∶2∶1.5∶6)为两相溶剂系统,在主机转速800 r/min、流速2.0 mL/min、检测波长280 nm条件下进行分离制备。所得流分经高效液相色谱法检测,并经电喷雾电离质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明,从乌药叶总黄酮粗提物中分离得到了5个化合物,分别为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、槲皮素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(3)、槲皮素-3-O-吡喃鼠李糖苷(4)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5),其中化合物1,2,3和5 为首次从该植物中分离得到。该法具有简便、快速的优点。     

超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱对刺梨槲皮素及其糖苷类化合物的鉴定分析

为探明刺梨中的槲皮素组分及其结合态糖苷类化合物构成,采用超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱法,通过标准品保留时间对照、相对分子质量、二级质谱碎片等信息对刺梨槲皮素及其糖苷类化合物进行了解析。从刺梨中共鉴定出1种槲皮素与9种含有槲皮素母核结构物质,可确定化学组成的化合物为槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-[6"-O-(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰)-β-D-半乳糖苷]、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖-鼠李糖苷,其中,槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-[6"-O-(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰)-β-D-半乳糖苷]首次在刺梨中发现。根据离子碎片推断槲皮素糖苷裂解途径,丰富了刺梨资源的基础研究成果,为槲皮素结构鉴定以及后续开发刺梨槲皮素糖苷的药食利用价值提供了参考。     

基于氨基柱的高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器方法分析媚丽葡萄香气糖苷的糖基组成

建立了基于氨基柱的高效液相色谱分析媚丽葡萄香气糖苷的糖基组成的方法.媚丽葡萄果皮经提取缓冲液(0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4,pH 7.0,13%(V/V)乙醇)浸提,葡萄香气糖苷提取物在柠檬酸-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.0)中用AR2000糖苷酶水解,释放出糖基,经氨基柱分离,用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器(HPLC-RID)分析.色谱分析条件为:柱温35℃,RID温度35℃,进样量20 μL,流动相为乙腈-乙酸乙酯-水(60∶25∶15,V/V),流速1.0 mL/min.结果表明,鼠李糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、芹菜糖和葡萄糖在线性范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.996),检出限为93~123 mg/L,定量限309~409 mg/L, 5 g/L各单糖的峰面积的精密度(n=10)为2.3%~6.4%;糖基样品的各单糖加标回收率在73.8%~125.7%之间.以糖基类别划分的媚丽葡萄各类香气糖苷的摩尔百分比为: 6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,4.1%~6.1%;6-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,2.3%~8.8%;6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,0.1%~3.9%;6-O-α-L-呋喃芹菜糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,5.5%~9.8%;6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,76.3%~86.8%.媚丽葡萄成熟过程中,各类香气糖苷的含量及其总量与浆果成熟度之间没有明显的相关性.     

两头尖化学成分研究

通过硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂、反相柱层析及半制备型高效液相色谱等方法,从两头尖根茎中分离得到3种化合物,根据理化性质和光谱分析(ESI-MS、^1HNMR、^13CNMR、HMBC、HMQC、TOCSY、DEFT)鉴定其结构分别为：3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D．吡喃葡萄糖酯(I)、3-O-α-L吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-O-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯㈣和3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→9)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯（Ⅲ）,其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为新化合物,分别命名为多被银莲花皂苷14(Rad-deanoside 14),多被银莲花皂苷15(Raddeanoside 15)。化合物Ⅲ为已知化合物常春藤皂苷B。     

番红花化学成分研究 III. 番红花花粉中的番红花新苷甲和乙的结构

从番红花(crocus sativus L.)花粉中分到两个新苷, 命名为番红花新苷甲(1)和乙(2)。经理化性质和对它们的IR、UV、^1HNMR和MS数据的分析, 鉴定1为异鼠李素-4'-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃(1→2)β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷, 2为β-对羟基苯基-乙醇-α-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷。     

番红花化学成分研究 III. 番红花花粉中的番红花新苷甲和乙的结构

从番红花(crocus sativus L.)花粉中分到两个新苷, 命名为番红花新苷甲(1)和乙(2)。经理化性质和对它们的IR、UV、^1HNMR和MS数据的分析, 鉴定1为异鼠李素-4'-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃(1→2)β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷, 2为β-对羟基苯基-乙醇-α-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷。     

超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-串联质谱法测定茶叶中15种黄酮醇糖苷类化合物

采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱,以含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,建立了超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-串联质谱(UPLC-PDA-MS/MS)联用技术测定茶叶中黄酮醇糖苷类化合物的方法。结合色谱保留时间、紫外光谱、一级和二级质谱参数等信息,在绿茶和红茶中共识别了15种黄酮醇糖苷类化合物,包括3种杨梅素糖苷、6种槲皮素糖苷和6种山柰素糖苷类化合物。定量分析中采用串联四极杆质谱检测,以槲皮素-3-葡萄糖-鼠李糖二糖糖苷(Q-GRh)为标准品,其他黄酮醇糖苷进行相对定量。结果表明,绿茶和红茶中黄酮醇糖苷类化合物的含量和分布差异显著,绿茶中的黄酮醇糖苷总量是红茶的1.7倍,绿茶中的黄酮醇糖苷主要以杨梅素-3-半乳糖糖苷(M-Ga)、杨梅素-3-葡萄糖糖苷(M-G)、槲皮素-3-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖糖苷(Q-GaRhG)、槲皮素-3-半乳糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖糖苷(Q-GRhG)、山柰素-3-半乳糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖糖苷(K-GaRhG)和山柰素-3-葡萄糖-鼠李糖-葡萄糖三糖糖苷(K-GRhG)为主,而红茶中主要以Q-GRh、槲皮素-3-葡萄糖糖苷(Q-G)、山柰素-3-葡萄糖-鼠李糖二糖糖苷(K-GRh)和山柰素-3-半乳糖糖苷(K-Ga)为主。本方法简单快速,准确性好,可用于茶叶中黄酮醇糖苷类化合物的分析。     

Quantitative determination of major active components in Ginkgo biloba dietary supplements by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/ESI-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ten major active components in Ginkgo biloba extract (bilobalide, ginkgolides A, B, C, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, rutin hydrate, quercetin-3-beta-D-glucoside and quercitrin hydrate) which have not been previously reported to be quantified in a single analysis. The ten components exhibit baseline separation in 50 min by C18 chromatography using a water/1:1 (v/v) methanol/acetonitrile gradient. Quantitation was performed using negative ESI-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Good reproducibility and recovery were obtained by this method. The sensitivity of both UV and different mass spectrometry modes (full scan, selected ion monitoring (SIM), and selected reaction monitoring (SRM)) were compared and both quantitation with and without internal standard were evaluated. The analysis of Ginkgo biloba commercial products showed remarkable variations in the rutin and quercetin content as well as the terpene lactone contents although all the products satisfy the conventional quality control method.     

Simultaneous determination of seven compounds in snow lotus herb using high-performance liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the quantitative determination of seven components of Snow Lotus Herb (Saussurea tridactyla Sch.-Bip.ex Hook.f.): umbelliferonglucoside, luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, rutin, apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-beta-D-rutinoside, and luteolin. Samples are analyzed by means of a reverse-phase column (Diamonsil C(18)) using methanol and water under gradient conditions as the mobile phase for 60 min. This method offers selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and ruggedness, as well as efficiency and ease.     

Determination of active components of Ginkgo biloba in human urine by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with on-line column-switching purification

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal nutritional supplements, with terpene lactones and flavonoids being the two major active components. An on-line purification high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was successfully developed for the quantitative determination of flavonoids and terpene lactones excreted in human urine after ingesting the herbal supplement. Satisfactory separation was obtained using a C18 capillary column made in-house with sample clean-up and pre-concentration achieved using a C18 pre-column with column switching. High selectivity and limits of detection of 1-18 ng/mL were achieved using a selected ion monitoring (SIM) scan in negative ion mode; the on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) recovery of the active components in Ginkgo biloba determined in this study was greater than 75%.     

Constituents from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and their antioxidant activity

Three new coumarins, phellodenols F-H (1-3) and a new glutaric acid derivative, phellodendric acid-A (4) were isolated from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense together with twenty-nine known compounds. Extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and other spectroscopic studies were employed to determine the structures of 1-4. The isolated compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity through DPPH (alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Compounds quercetin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity comparable to vitamin E.     

Simple Method for Simultaneous Quantitation and Fingerprint Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Tablets by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV-Evaporative Light Scattering Detector

By optimizing the separation and analytical conditions, a reliable, simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method coupled with ultraviolet(UV) and evaporative light scattering detector(ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of lactones and flavonoid, that is, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, and rutin, in more than 10 batches of Ginkgo biloba tablets from different pharmaceutical companies. The method could also be applied to fingerprint research, for a more general evaluation of the quality of this preparation. The separation of the components was achieved on a Hanbon C18 column with gradient elution using water and methanol containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid(TFA). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the flow-rate of the mobile phase was 0.6 mL/min. The drift tube temperature of the ELSD was set at 100 ℃, and the nitrogen flow-rate was 2 L/min. Good linear relationships were shown with correlation coefficients for analytes exceeding 0.9913. The limits of detection(LODs, S/N=3) and the limits of quantitation(LOQs, S/N=10) were 0.00887--0.0508 μg/μL and 0.0171-0.0636 μg/μL, respectively, on the column. The relative standard deviations(RSD) of the analytes were less than 3.61% for intraday and 3.70% for interday, respectively. The average recovery rates obtained were in the range of (97.3±4.3)% to (101.9±3.1)% for all the compounds. The results of quantitative and fingerprint analysis proved that the contents of the components were totally similar in the preparation of Ginkgo biloba tablets from the same pharmaceutical company; whereas, they varied significantly in the preparations of Ginkgo biloba tablets from different companies.     

微流蒸发光散射检测器与毛细管液相色谱的联用及其在银杏叶提取物分析中的应用

将微流蒸发光散射检测器( μELSD)与毛细管液相色谱(cLC)联用,应用于中药银杏叶提取物及其分散片制剂的分离检测领域。首先对 μELSD仪器参数进行优化。通过调节漂移管温度与载气流量,提高了分析物的响应,并减小了噪声。然后,搭建了cLC-μELSD分离检测平台,其相对常规LC可大大减小实验试剂消耗。流动相A为0.05%(体积分数,下同)三氟乙酸(TFA)水溶液,流动相B为含0.05% TFA的甲醇溶液。最优的洗脱梯度条件为:0~10 min,5%B~25%B;10~25 min,25%B~38%B;25~35 min,38%B;35~40 min,38%B~42%B;40~55 min,42%B~50%B。银杏叶提取物和复杂中药制剂银杏叶提取物分散片都得到了较好的分离,并在其中鉴定到紫外波段几乎无吸收的重要内酯类活性成分白果内酯以及银杏内酯A、B和C。测定了不同厂家银杏叶提取物中萜类内酯洗脱时间的相对标准偏差,结果均不大于2.42%,表明该体系在目标物的分析上具有良好的重现性。实验证明所建立的cLC-ELSD体系在复杂中药体系的分离检测中有良好的应用性。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定银杏叶提取物中的萜类内酯

 394-397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 建立了液-液萃取后高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定银杏叶提取物（EGb）中萜类内酯含量的快速方法。EGb样品溶于体积分数为30%的乙醇溶液后用乙醚萃取,有机相浓缩后的残留物以HPLC分析,组分的分离采用C18柱,以甲醇-水-磷酸(体积比为25∶75∶0.1)为流动相,示差检测器检测。结果表明,样品净化程序较已报道的方法更简便,选择性强、快速（少于20 min）。该方法回收率大于99.0%、相对标准偏差小于2.0%、重现性好,可有效地用于银杏叶提取物的产品质量评价。     

Information theory applied to chromatographic fingerprint of herbal medicine for quality control

At present, the construction of chromatographic fingerprints plays an important role in the quality control of complex herbal medicines. In this work, information theory was applied to obtain chromatographic fingerprints with good performance. Moreover, according to the characteristics of the chromatographic fingerprints obtained, some modifications of the calculation of the information content were conducted. In comparison with the information content from several chromatographic fingerprints obtained, reliable chromatographic fingerprints with a high separation degree and uniform concentration distribution of chemical components could be determined. The successful application of information theory with modification to simulated chromatographic fingerprints together with real herbal medicines such as Rhizoma chuanxiong and Ginkgo biloba from different sources demonstrated clearly that the proposed method to determine chromatographic fingerprints was reasonable and reliable and it was user-friendly. Chromatographic fingerprints determined with high separation degrees and uniform concentration distribution of chemical ingredients might also chemically represent characteristic components of herbal medicines for quality control.