金属环境中低能D(d,p)T反应的研究

近年来一系列实验表明, 金属环境中的低能带电粒子引起的核反应截面与气体靶中的相比出现明显增大, 这种现象通常被归结为电子屏蔽效应。 全面介绍了金属环境中D(d, p)T反应电子屏蔽效应的测量方法、 数据分析和实验结果的规律性, 并简要论述了包括德拜等离子体模型在内的各种理论模型对实验结果的解释。 通过研究, 可以获得有关核物理、 核天体物理和凝聚态物理的宝贵知识。 The cross sections σ(E) of low energy nuclear reactions induced by charged particles in metallic environment are much larger than that in gas. Generally, it was taken as the effect of the electron screening. In this work, the experimental method of the D(d, p)T reaction in metallic environment was introduced. The data analysis and the regularity of experimental results were also discussed. All kinds of theoretical models including the Debye model were discussed, which can roughly explain the results of the experiments. The valuable knowledge of nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and condensed state physics can be obtained in the study of low energy nuclear reaction in metallic environment.     

厚靶低中能9Be(d,xn)反应加速器中子源特性研究

利用PHITS程序评价计算了厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应加速器中子源的能谱和角分布数据，重点讨论了JQMD、INCL和INCL/DWBA三种核反应物理模型计算厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子辐射场分布的适用性。研究结果显示，基于INCL/DWBA耦合模型的PHITS程序计算所得到的厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子能谱和角分布数据能够较好地与实验数据符合，可以为厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子源特性研究及应用提供较为准确的中子辐射场数据。此外，设计了水冷大面积旋转铍靶的方案，并在5~25 MeV/5 mA入射氘能量下条件下，开展了靶面温度模拟研究，结果显示，靶面最高温度可控制在100 oC以下。     

应用SVRT模型对氢与氘代甲烷反应的四维量子散射计算

应用SVRT(Semirigid Vibrating Rotor Target)模型和含时波包法对H CD4→HD CD3反应体系进行了量子散射计算,得出了该体系基态的反应几率,散射截面和热速率常数等量子结果,并比较了靶分子氘代甲烷中氘对氢的替代效应。     

厚靶D（d,n）^3He反应加速器中子源的产额、能谱和角分布

给出一种计算氘钛厚靶D(d,n)3He反应加速器中子源的产额、能谱和角分布的方法,并发展了一个计算机模拟程序,程序能够计算氘束流能量小于1.0 MeV的中子源的产额、能谱和角分布.计算时使用推荐的D(d,n)3He反应截面数据和来自SRIM-2003程序的氘在氘钛靶中的阻止本领数据.给出一些典型计算结果,包括中子积分产额、中子能谱和角分布.     

氘化对KH2PO4晶体微观缺陷影响的正电子湮没研究

采用传统降温法从不同程度氘化(x=0, 0.51, 0.85)的生长溶液中生长氘化KH₂PO₄(KDP) 晶体, 利用正电子湮没技术(正电子寿命谱和多普勒展宽谱)、结合X射线衍射谱(XRD) 结构分析, 对KDP晶体氘化生长的微观缺陷进行了研究, 讨论了氘化程度对晶体内部微观结构特性、缺陷类型和浓度的影响. XRD结果显示晶胞参数a, b值随氘含量的增加而增加, c值无明显变化; 正电子寿命谱结果发现随着氘化浓度的提高, KDP晶体内部中性填隙缺陷以及氧缺陷不断增加, 引起晶体晶格畸变; 氢空位、K空位、杂质替位缺陷不断发生缔合反应形成复合缺陷, 缺陷浓度不断减少; 团簇、微空洞等大尺寸缺陷也在不断发生聚合反应, 缺陷浓度表现为不断减少. 多普勒实验结果表明随着氘化程度的提升, 晶体内部各类缺陷表现为同步变化. 实验结果表明, KDP晶体在低浓度氘化生长(50%以内)下缺陷反应较弱, 而在高浓度氘化(50%以上)下的缺陷反应显著增强.     

等离子体效应对碳的类氢离子能级的影响

通过在狄拉克方程中考虑德拜休克尔(Debye-Hückel)屏蔽势,研究了类氢离子C5 低能级能量1s(2S1/2),2s(2S1/2),2p(2P1/2和2P3/2)随等离子体电子温度及电子密度的变化规律,计算得到类氢离子C5 能级能量及能级电离势随等离子体环境的变化关系。同时,拟合得到了基于德拜休克尔屏蔽势下相当好的束缚态能级能量随等离子体环境变化的解析公式,利用该公式得到了类氢离子C5 相应各能级发生压致电离的临界电子密度,其结果与其它文献比有很好的可比性。结果表明:束缚态能级能量随等离子体电子温度的升高而减小,随等离子体电子密度的增大而增大。能级能量百分漂移量的对数值与等离子体电子密度的对数值以及等离子体电子温度的对数值之间均呈现出近似线性关系。对计算等离子体电离态分布及光谱模拟具有一定的意义。     

利用时间分辨Ar的K壳层发射光谱诊断内爆靶丸芯区电子温度的时间演化过程

在神光Ⅱ装置上的内爆实验中,通过在充氘气(D2)的靶丸中掺入氩(Ar)元素,利用晶体谱仪配条纹相机测量得到了内爆停滞阶段Ar的K壳层发射光谱随时间的变化。在实验中,观测到Ar的Heα,Heβ以及Lyα线发射,持续时间大约200ps。用Heα线与Lyα线强度比值来推断靶丸芯区电子温度。利用碰撞辐射模型,从理论上计算出Heα线与Lyα线强度比值随电子温度、数密度的变化。通过将实验上观测到的Heα线与Lyα线强度比与理论计算值相比较,获得了芯区电子温度随时间的演化。并计算比较了不同电子密度条件下推断出来的电子温度的差异,证明诊断电子温度的方法对电子数密度的变化不敏感。利用逃逸因子修正了自吸收效应,从计算的结果可以看出在目前的实验中Heα线和Lyα线是光学薄的。     

电子垂直入射电离氦原子碰撞机理的理论研究

用3C模型和修正后的3C模型在低能、两个出射电子等能分享几何条件下,对电子垂直入射碰撞电离氦原子的三重微分散射截面进行了理论计算,并把计算结果与实验测量结果进行了比较,系统研究了(e,2e)反应中各种屏蔽效应对氦原子三重微分散射截面的影响,同时对截面中形成各峰的碰撞机理做了详细的探讨.研究结果表明:在入射能较低时,各种屏蔽效应对氦原子的三重微分散射截面幅度以及角分布均存在一定影响,并且形成各峰的碰撞机理直接影响截面的变化规律.     

氦原子(e,3-1e)反应中未探测电子屏蔽效应的理论研究

在DS3C模型的基础上,对氦原子(e,3-1e)反应的末态He+2场中未探测电子的屏蔽效应进行了研究.计算了(e,3-1e)过程中入射能为640 eV时,电子入射双电离He原子的四重微分截面(4DCS);讨论了非一级效应对截面结构的影响.所得结果与其他理论计算进行比较发现:文中结果与最新测量的实验数据较好地吻合.     

Mo(d,x)~(95m)Tc,Mo(d,x)~(96g),Tc和Mo(d,x)~(97)Tc反应的激发函数

用活化法和迭靶技术,测量了入射氘核能量从3.2到13.3MeV范围内,Mo(d,x)~(95m)Tc,Mo(d,x)~(96g)Tc和Mo(d,x)~(97m)Tc反应的激发函数,并与复合核统计模型理论计算作了比较。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.