弱粘结的斜交铺设层合圆柱壳的柱形弯曲

导出了两端简文的具有弱粘结界面的任意斜交铺设层合圆柱壳柱形弯曲问题的一个精确弹性理论解。分析中采用线性弹簧模型来表征界面的弱粘结特性。引进新的物理量改写了基本方程,导出了对应的状态空间列式,并利用变量替换技术将该状态方程转换成常系数状态方程,从而方便求解。最后给出了数值算例,并讨论了弱界面的影响。     

Thin interphase/imperfect interface in elasticity with application to coated fiber composites

The imperfect interface conditions which are equivalent to the effect of a thin elastic interphase are derived by a Taylor expansion method in terms of interface displacement and traction jumps. Plane and cylindrical interfaces are analyzed as special cases. The effective elastic moduli of a unidirectional coated fiber composite are obtained on the basis of the derived imperfect interface conditions. High accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison of solutions of several problems in terms of the imperfect interface conditions or explicit presence of interphase as a third phase. The problems considered are transverse shear of a coated infinite fiber in infinite matrix and effective transverse bulk and shear moduli and effective axial shear modulus of a coated fiber composite. Unlike previous elastic imperfect interface conditions in the literature, the present ones are valid for the entire range of interphase stiffness, from very small to very large.     

Rigorous Bounds on the Torsional Rigidity of Composite Shafts with Imperfect Interfaces

We derive upper and lower bounds for the torsional rigidity of cylindrical shafts with arbitrary cross-section containing a number of fibers with circular cross-section. Each fiber may have different constituent materials with different radius. At the interfaces between the fibers and the host matrix two kinds of imperfect interfaces are considered: one which models a thin interphase of low shear modulus and one which models a thin interphase of high shear modulus. Both types of interface will be characterized by an interface parameter which measures the stiffness of the interface. The exact expressions for the upper and lower bounds of the composite shaft depend on the constituent shear moduli, the absolute sizes and locations of the fibers, interface parameters, and the cross-sectional shape of the host shaft. Simplified expressions are also deduced for shafts with perfect bonding interfaces and for shafts with circular cross-section. The effects of the imperfect bonding are illustrated for a circular shaft containing a non-centered fiber. We find that when an additional constraint between the constituent properties of the phases is fulfilled for circular shafts, the upper and lower bounds will coincide. In the latter situation, the fibers are neutral inclusions under torsion and the bounds recover the previously known exact torsional rigidity.      

Shear deformation effect in non-linear analysis of composite beams of variable cross section

In this paper the non-linear analysis of a composite Timoshenko beam with arbitrary variable cross section undergoing moderate large deflections under general boundary conditions is presented employing the analog equation method (AEM), a BEM-based method. The composite beam consists of materials in contact, each of which can surround a finite number of inclusions. The materials have different elasticity and shear moduli with same Poisson's ratio and are firmly bonded together. The beam is subjected in an arbitrarily concentrated or distributed variable axial loading, while the shear loading is applied at the shear center of the cross section, avoiding in this way the induction of a twisting moment. To account for shear deformations, the concept of shear deformation coefficients is used. Five boundary value problems are formulated with respect to the transverse displacements, the axial displacement and to two stress functions and solved using the AEM. Application of the boundary element technique yields a system of non-linear equations from which the transverse and axial displacements are computed by an iterative process. The evaluation of the shear deformation coefficients is accomplished from the aforementioned stress functions using only boundary integration. Numerical examples are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy, the range of applications of the developed method and the influence of the shear deformation effect.     

Effective property of piezoelectric composites containing coated nano-elliptical fibers with interfacial debonding

Based on both the spring layer interface model and the Gurtin-Murdoch surface/interface model, the anti-plane shear problem is studied for piezoelectric composites containing coated nano-elliptical fibers with imperfect interfaces. By using the complex function method and the technique of conformal mapping, the exact solutions of the electroelastic fields in fiber, coating, and matrix of piezoelectric nanocomposites are derived under far-field anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loads. Furthermore, the generalized self-consistent method is used to accurately predict the effective electroelastic moduli of the piezoelectric nanocomposites containing coated nano-elliptical fibers with imperfect interfaces. Numerical examples are illustrated to show the effects of the material constants of the imperfect interface layers, the aspect ratio of the fiber section, and the fiber volume fraction on the effective electroelastic moduli of the piezoelectric nanocomposites. The results indicate that the effective electroelastic moduli of the piezoelectric nanocomposites can be significantly reduced by the interfacial debonding, but it can be improved by the surface/interface stresses at the small scale, which provides important theoretical reference for the design and optimization of piezoelectric nanodevices and nanostructures.     

剪切流作用下层合梁非线性振动特性研究

针对剪切流中层合梁的大变形非线性振动问题, 采用高阶剪切变形锯齿理论和冯·卡门应变描述层合梁的变形模式和几何非线性效应, 构建了大变形层合梁非线性振动有限元数值模型; 采用基于任意拉格朗日?欧拉方法的有限体积法求解不可压缩黏性流体纳维-斯托克斯方程, 结合层合梁和流体的耦合界面条件建立了剪切流作用下层合梁流固耦合非线性动力学数值模型, 采用分区并行强耦合方法对层合梁的流致非线性振动响应进行了迭代计算. 研究了不同速度分布的剪切流作用下单层梁和多层复合材料梁的振动响应特性, 并验证了本文数值建模方法的有效性. 结果表明: 剪切流作用下单层梁的振动特性与均匀流作用下的情况不同, 梁的运动轨迹受剪切流影响向下偏斜, 随着速度分布系数增加, 尾部流场中的涡结构发生改变; 刚度比对剪切流作用下层合梁的振动特性有显著影响, 随着刚度比的增加, 层合梁振动的振幅增大, 主导频率下降, 运动轨迹由‘8’字形逐渐变得不对称; 发现了不同厚度比和铺层角度情况下, 层合梁存在定点稳定模式、周期极限环振动模式和非周期振动模式三种不同的振动模式, 改变层合梁铺层角度可实现层合梁周期极限环振动模式向非周期振动模式转变.      

压电层合梁静动力学分析的高精度梁单元

给出了一个对复合材料压电层合梁进行数值分析的高精度压电层合梁单元。基于Shi三阶剪切变形板理论的位移场和Layer-wise理论的电势场,用力-电耦合的变分原理及Hamilton原理推导了压电层合梁单元列式。采用拟协调元方法推导了一个可显式给出单元刚度矩阵的两节点压电层合梁单元,并应用于压电层合梁的力-电耦合弯曲和自由振动分析。计算结果表明,该梁单元给出的梁挠度和固有频率与解析解吻合良好,并优于其它梁单元的计算结果,说明了本文所给压电层合梁单元的可靠性和准确性。研究结果可为力-电耦合作用下压电层合梁的力学分析提供一个简单、精确且高效的压电层合梁单元。     

A Recipe for Building the Torsional-Rigidity Bounds of Shafts Containing Multiply Coated Fibers with Imperfect Interfaces

This work is concerned with deriving the upper and lower bounds for the torsional rigidity of cylindrical shafts with arbitrary cross-section containing a number of multiply coated fibers with imperfect interfaces along the interfaces. Each multicoated fiber may have different constituents with different area fractions. In the formulation, we first extend our previous formulation, based on classical energy principles in elasticity, to construct torsional rigidity bounds for shafts containing simply coated fibers with two different kinds of imperfect interface. Next, based on the present results for shafts containing simply coated fibers and our previous findings for shafts containing homogeneous fibers with imperfectly bonded interfaces, we propose a concept of replacement fiber with an effective shear rigidity to replace the effect of fiber with imperfect bonding interface. In addition, we propose an equivalent shear rigidity to simulate the effect of a simply coated fiber. This replacement procedure allows us to construct the bounds, through a recursive procedure, for the torsional rigidity of shafts containing multiply coated fibers with possibly imperfect interfaces.     

Dynamic analysis of composite plate with multiple delaminations based on higher-order zigzag theory

In a recent paper, Cho and Kim [Journal of Applied Mechanics] proposed a higher-order cubic zigzag theory of laminated composites with multiple delaminations. The proposed theory is not only accurate but also efficient because it work with a minimal number of degrees of freedom with the application of interface continuity conditions as well as bounding surface conditions of transverse shear stresses including delaminated interfaces. In this work, we investigate the dynamic behavior of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations. A four-node finite element based on the efficient higher-order zigzag plate theory of laminated composite plates with multiple delaminations is developed to refine the prediction of frequencies, mode shape, and time response. Through the dynamic version of the variational approach, the dynamic equilibrium equations and variationally consistent boundary conditions are obtained. Natural frequency prediction and time response analysis of a composite plate with multiple delaminations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present finite element method. To prevent penetration violation at the delamination interfaces, unilateral contact constraints by Lagrange multiplier method are applied in the time response analysis. The present finite element is suitable for the prediction of dynamic response of thick composite plates with multiple and arbitrary shaped delaminations.     

Vibration and buckling of laminated sandwich plates having interfacial imperfections

The vibration and buckling characteristics of sandwich plates having laminated stiff layers are studied for different degrees of imperfections at the layer interfaces using a refined plate theory. With this plate theory, the through thickness variation of transverse shear stresses is represented by piece-wise parabolic functions where the continuity of these stresses is satisfied at the layer interfaces by taking jumps in the transverse shear strains at the interfaces. The transverse shear stresses free condition at the plate top and bottom surfaces is also satisfied. The inter-laminar imperfections are represented by in-plane displacement jumps at the layer interfaces and characterized by a linear spring layer model. It is quite interesting to note that this plate model having all these refined features requires unknowns only at the reference plane. To have generality in the analysis, finite element technique is adopted and it is carried out with a new triangular element developed for this purpose, as any existing element cannot model this plate model. As there is no published result on imperfect sandwich plates, the problems of perfect sandwich plates and imperfect ordinary laminates are used for validation.     

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates with general lamination angles

This paper proposes a higher-order shear deformation theory to predict the bending response of the laminated composite and sandwich plates with general lamination configurations.The proposed theory a priori satisfies the continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses at interfaces.Moreover,the number of unknown variables is independent of the number of layers.The first derivatives of transverse displacements have been taken out from the inplane displacement fields,so that the C 0 shape functions are only required during its finite element implementation.Due to C 0 continuity requirements,the proposed model can be conveniently extended for implementation in commercial finite element codes.To verify the proposed theory,the fournode C 0 quadrilateral element is employed for the interpolation of all the displacement parameters defined at each nodal point on the composite plate.Numerical results show that following the proposed theory,simple C 0 finite elements could accurately predict the interlaminar stresses of laminated composite and sandwich plates directly from a constitutive equation,which has caused difficulty for the other global higher order theories.     

Process of debonding in RC beams shear-strengthened with FRP U-strips or side strips

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams may be strengthened for shear using externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the form of side bonding, U-jacketing or complete wrapping. The shear failure of almost all RC beams shear-strengthened with side bonded FRP and the majority of those strengthened with FRP U-jackets, is due to debonding of the FRP. The bond behavior between the externally-bonded FRP reinforcement (referred to as FRP strips for simplicity) and the concrete substrate therefore plays a crucial role in the failure process of these beams. Despite extensive research in the past decade, there is still a lack of understanding of how debonding of FRP strips in such a beam propagates and how the debonding process affects its shear behavior. This paper presents an analytical study on the progressive debonding of FRP strips in such strengthened beams. The complete debonding process is modeled and the contribution of the FRP strips to the shear capacity of the beam is quantified. The validity of the analytical solution is verified by comparing its predictions with numerical results from a finite element analysis. This analytical treatment represents a significant step forward in understanding how interaction between FRP strips, steel stirrups and concrete affects the shear resistance of RC beams shear-strengthened with FRP strips.     

Influence of rotatory inertia on dynamic stability of the viscoelastic symmetric cross-ply laminated plates

The dynamic stability problem of the symmetrically laminated cross-ply plates made of the viscoelastic Voigt–Kelvin material, compressed by time-dependent stochastic membrane forces, is investigated. The effect of rotatory inertia is included in the present formulation. It is assumed that all elastic moduli have the same retardation times. By using the direct Liapunov method, bounds of the almost sure stability of cross-ply plates as a function of viscous damping coefficient, retardation time, variances of the stochastic forces, ratio of the principal lamina stiffnesses, number of layers, plate aspect ratio, cross-ply ratio and intensity of the deterministic components of axial loading are obtained. Numerical calculations are performed for the Gaussian process with a zero mean, as well as an harmonic process with random phase.     

复合材料层合板自由振动分析的无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin法

基于一阶剪切变形理论,提出了复合材料层合板自由振动分析的无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin法。计算时在复合材料层合板中面上仅需要布置一系列的离散节点,并利用这些节点构建插值函数。在板中面上的局部多边形子域上,采用加权余量法建立复合材料层合板自由振动分析的离散化控制方程,并且这些子域可由Delaunay三角形方便创建。自然邻接点插值形函数具有Kronecker delta函数性质,因而无需经过特别处理就能准确地施加本质边界条件。对不同边界条件、不同跨厚比、不同材料参数和不同铺设角度的复合材料层合板,由本文提出的无网格自然邻接点Petrov-Galerkin法进行自由振动分析时均可得到满意的结果。数值算例结果表明,本文方法求解复合材料层合板的自由振动问题是行之有效的。     

A time-domain high-order spectral finite element for the simulation of symmetric and anti-symmetric guided waves in laminated composite strips

A time domain spectral finite element is developed for improving the efficiency of numerical simulations of guided waves in laminated composite strips. The finite element relies on a new generalized laminate mechanics model formulated to represent symmetric and anti-symmetric Lamb waves. The laminate mechanics incorporate third-order polynomial terms for the approximation of axial and transverse displacement fields through the thickness and consider the displacements of the upper and lower surfaces as degrees of freedom. The laminate theory formulation is easily expanded to a high-order layerwise model. Based on the resultant governing equations of the laminate section, a new finite element with 8 nodal degrees of freedom is formulated; its nodes are collocated with Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre integration points in order to improve computational efficiency. Stiffness and mass matrices are assembled and the transient response is predicted using the explicit central differences time integration scheme. The transient response of Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer laminated and sandwich strips is investigated. Numerical results are validated against a semi-analytical solution. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the introduced element regarding the prediction of symmetric and anti-symmetric wave propagation is also quantified.     

Three-dimensional solution of smart laminated anisotropic circular cylindrical shells with imperfect bonding

This paper presents an exact solution for a simply-supported and laminated anisotropic cylindrical shell strip with imperfect bonding at the off-axis elastic layer interfaces and with attached anisotropic piezoelectric actuator and sensor subjected to transverse loading. In this research, the imperfect interface conditions are described in terms of linear relations between the interface tractions in the normal and tangential directions, and the respective discontinuities in displacements. The solution for an elastic (or piezoelectric) layer of the smart laminated cylindrical shell strip is obtained in terms of the six-dimensional (or eight-dimensional) pseudo-Stroh formalism, solution for multilayered system is then derived based on the transfer matrix method. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effect of imperfect interface on the static response of the smart laminated cylindrical shell. The derived solutions can serve as benchmark results to assess various approximate shell theories and numerical methods.     

Dynamic effective property of fibrous piezoelectric composites with spring- or membrane-type imperfect interfaces

The present paper studies the dynamic effective property of piezoelectric composites embedded with cylindrical piezoelectric fibers under anti-plane harmonic electro-elastic waves. By using the dynamic generalized self-consistent method (DGSM) of electro-elastic coupling wave, the problem of randomly distributed cylindrical fibers in a piezoelectric medium can be analyzed in terms of a representative volume element with a coated fiber embedded in an equivalent effective medium. The interfaces between the fibers and the matrix are assumed to be imperfect which are here modeled as spring- or membrane-type interfaces. Through wave function expansion method and an iterative method, the effective piezoelectrically stiffened shear modulus and the effective wave number are obtained. Examples are conducted to verify the present solutions and to illustrate the dependence of the effective piezoelectrically stiffened shear modulus on the wave number (frequency) as well as the interface properties. The special size effect related to interfacial imperfection is also discussed.     

The vibration and buckling of laminated non-homogeneous orthotropic conical shells subjected to external pressure

In this paper, the free vibration and buckling of laminated homogeneous and non-homogeneous orthotropic truncated conical shells under lateral and hydrostatic pressures are studied. At first, the basic relations, the modified Donnell type dynamic stability and compatibility equations have been obtained for laminated orthotropic truncated conical shells, the Young's moduli and density of which vary piecewise continuously in the thickness direction. Applying superposition and Galerkin methods to the foregoing equations, the buckling pressures and dimensionless frequency parameter of laminated homogeneous and non-homogeneous orthotropic conical shells are obtained. The appropriate formulas for single-layer and laminated cylindrical shells made of homogeneous and non-homogeneous, orthotropic and isotropic materials are found as a special case. Finally, the effects of the number and ordering of layers, the variations of conical shell characteristics, together and separately variations of the Young's moduli and densities of the materials of layers on the critical lateral and hydrostatic pressures, and frequency parameter are found for different mode numbers. The results are compared with other works.     

Non-linear response of laminated plates and shells to thermomechanical loading: Implications of violation of interlaminar shear traction continuity requirement

A number of results focusing on the implications brought by the violation of the inter-laminar shear traction continuity requirement on the non-linear response of shear deformable laminated flat and curved panels subjected to thermomechanical loading are presented. The results cover a large number of situations, and in this context, the effects of transverse shear, tangential edge constraints, shell curvature, initial geometric imperfections, lateral pressure and compressive edge loads, membrane and thicknesswise temperature gradient, presence of a Winkler linear/non-linear foundation, coupled with that of the fulfilment/violation of the shear traction interlaminar continuity requirement upon the static and dynamic non-linear response of laminated plates and shells are highlighted. In order to address this problem, as a necessary pre-requisite, a higher-order geometrically non-linear laminated shell model fulfilling both the kinematical and shear traction interlaminar continuity requirements and incorporating the previously mentioned effects is presented. The results obtained in the framework of this laminated shell model are compared with the ones obtained within a higher-order shell model in which the kinematic interlaminar continuity conditions are solely satisfied, and the implications resulting from the violation of the shear traction interlaminar continuity requirement are highlighted.     

层状粘接复合结构界面力学参数声导波定征方法

在推导层状粘接复合结构良好粘接及存在弱界面、滑移界面和脱层等几种不同界面条件下声导波的广义频散方程的基础上,分析了界面径向与轴向力学参数对声导波传播特性的影响,进一步提出以频散特性为基础的超声导波定征方法和在最小二乘意义下的反向算法对粘接复合结构层间界面力学参数进行了估计,分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素,研究了超声导波定征方法对粘接复合结构层间力学参数的灵敏度及其在误差传递中的意义。