高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水体中氨基脲、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷基酮、1-氨基乙内酰脲和3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮

建立了高效液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱检测水体中痕量氨基脲(SEM)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-恶唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、1-氨基乙内酰脲(AHD)和3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)的分析方法。水样在pH 1.5～3条件下衍生8 h,经乙酸乙酯萃取,氮吹浓缩,流动相溶解后,内标法定量。分析条件为:CAPCELLPAK C18色谱柱,以甲醇和2 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果表明:AMOZ、AHD和AOZ在0.005～1μg/L范围内,SEM在0.01～1μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9980。AMOZ、AHD和AOZ的定性检测限和定量检测限为分别为0.0025μg/L和0.005μg/L;SEM的定性检测限和定量检测限为分别为0.005μg/L和0.01μg/L。4种化合物在水体中3个不同浓度添加水平下的平均回收率为84.9%～110.4%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～7.8%。方法可用于分析环境水体中4种化合物的残留。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测牛奶中20种苯二氮卓类药物残留

建立了牛奶中20种苯二氮卓类药物的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测方法。在pH 5.2乙酸铵缓冲溶液中样品经酶解后,用饱和乙酸铅沉淀蛋白质,用氨水调节pH大于9.5。溶液经乙酸乙酯-异丙醇(5:1,V/V)提取,正己烷脱脂和离子交换柱(MCX)净化,采用多反应监测技术定性和同位素内标法定量。结果表明:20种苯二氮卓类药物在0.5～50μg/L范围内呈良好的线性,线性相关系数均大于0.9990,检测限(S/N≥3)为0.01～0.11μg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)为0.04～0.37μg/kg。添加浓度水平为1.0,2.0和5.0μg/kg时,平均回收率为67.9%～108.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%～11%。     

事蔬菜中残留三嗪农药的检测

建立了同时检测西红柿中11种三嗪除草剂残留量的高效液相色谱-紫外检测-质谱定性法.样品经纯水-甲醇提取,C12固相萃取柱净化,然后采用高效液相/紫外/质谱检测法测定,液相外标法定量.对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了研究和优化.11种三嗪除草剂在0.02×10-6～1.0×10-6 g/mL范围内的线性良好,相关系数为0.998 7～0.999 9,在0.01～0.1μg/g范围内,平均添加回收率在72.1%～101.0%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.1%.方法简便、快速、净化效果好.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪尿中23种违禁药物

建立了液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱同时测定猪尿液中β-受体激动剂类、激素类、硝基咪唑类和镇静剂类等23种违禁药物多残留分析方法。猪尿试样真空冷冻干燥后,采用Anpel MCX固相萃取小柱净化,经CNW Athena C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分离,多反应监测模式下进行定性与定量分析。采用基质匹配标准溶液校正,23个药物响应值与其相应质量浓度在0.5～100μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)大于0.99;以3倍和10倍信噪比计算得到的方法检出限和定量限分别为0.5～4.0μg/L和1.0～10μg/L;在4个添加水平定量限、10、20及50μg/L,猪尿中23种药物的平均回收率为50.2%～97.7%;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%,日间RSD小于18%。应用此方法检测200批次不同来源猪尿,其中2批次检测出克伦特罗,浓度为4.45和2.16μg/L。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定猪肝中非甾体类抗炎药残留

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定了猪肝中18种非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的残留量.对NSAIDs多残留同时提取、净化技术进行了研究,对UPLC-MS/MS检测参数进行了优化.均质后的猪肝样品采用酸化乙腈提取,正己烷液-液分配(LLP)脱脂,经硅胶固相萃取(SPE)柱净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS电喷雾电离(ESI),多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,以保留时间和子离子比定性,外标法定量.方法检出限(LOD)为0.2～10 μg/kg;定量限(LOQ)为1.0～50 μg/kg.在添加浓度在1.0～200 μg/kg范围内,NSAIDs的回收率在53.8%～92.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.3%.方法操作简便,对动物肌肉、内脏、鸡蛋及牛奶中NSAIDs残留的检测具有普遍适用性.     

黄油中8种类固醇激素的液相色谱/串联质谱检测

建立了黄油中雌酮、α-雌二醇、β-雌二醇、雌三醇、睾酮、表睾酮、孕酮和丙酸睾酮8种类固醇激素的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,提取液经GPC柱净化除脂,GPC浓缩液采用C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.,3.0μm)分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。8种类固醇激素以基质匹配外标法定量,药物在1.0~20.0μg/kg线性范围内相关系数(r)均大于0.999;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.30μg/kg,定量限LOQs(S/N=10)为1.0μg/kg;添加水平为1.0,2.0,4.0μg/kg时,回收率范围在64.1%~110%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于11%。结果表明,本方法准确、可靠,满足黄油中8种类固醇激素的检测分析要求。     

液相色谱-电喷雾电离三重四级杆质谱测定畜禽肝脏中维吉尼亚霉素M1的残留量

建立了动物肝脏组织中维吉尼亚霉素M1残留的液相色谱-电喷雾电离三重四级杆质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)的测定方法。样品经0.2 mol/L NH4H2PO4和乙酸乙酯提取,分散型固相萃取PSA填料净化,采用正离子扫描多反应监测(MRM)模式下液质联用仪进行定性和定量分析。该方法省去耗时的固相萃取过程,回收率在67.2%～90.3%之间,RSD<10.0%;检测限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg。     

动物组织中盐酸吗啉胍残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定盐酸吗啉胍的方法,样品中的盐酸吗啉胍残留经三氯乙酸溶液沉淀和提取,加入庚烷磺酸钠离子对试剂后固相萃取柱净化,亲水作用色谱柱用于分离,正离子多反应监测模式检测(MRM),外标法定量.在添加含量5～100μg/kg范围内回收率为60%～107%;相对标准偏差(RSD)5.8%～12%;方法检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为2、5μg/kg.方法可满足动物组织中盐酸吗啉胍定性、定量要求,该前处理和液相分离方法可用于其他强碱性化合物的测定.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对家畜尿液中苯乙醇胺A残留检测研究

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测猪尿、牛尿和羊尿中苯乙醇胺A残留的方法。尿液经酶解、加入内标物、乙酸乙酯萃取、MCX固相萃取柱净化后,供HPLC-MS/MS检测。采用电喷雾离子源正模式,在多反应检测(MRM)模式下分析,苯乙醇胺A定性离子对分别为m/z 345/150和345/327,定量离子对为m/z 345/327;苯乙醇胺A内标物定性离子对为m/z 348/330,定量离子对为m/z 348/330。苯乙醇胺A含量在0～50.0μg/L范围内的线性关系良好(R2=0.9990);检出限为0.03μg/L,定量限为0.1μg/L。在猪尿、牛尿和羊尿中的回收率分别78.4%～82.9%,85.7%～93.3%和79.8%～84.9%;相对标准偏差分别为0.8%～4.2%,1.6%～5.6%和2.9%～5.8%。     

高效液相色谱法检测水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量

建立了水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量测定的样品处理方法和高效液相色谱分析方法.样品经酸解、2.氯苯甲醛衍生后用乙酸乙酯萃取、SPE柱净化,经高效液相-紫外检测器测定.本方法4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的定量限均为1.0μg/kg,在5.0～500μg/L质量浓度范围内,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的工作曲线均呈良好线性,在2个添加浓度水平的平均回收率为76%～102%,相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=6).该方法适用于定性定量水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的残留分析.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。