Ultrasonic field radiated by a normal shear wave probe

The field of horizontally polarized ultrasonic shear wave radiated by a 2/2 piezoelectric composite normal probe was studied. The strictly analytic field solutions for two different surface forces were deduced and the field distribution and directivity patterns were given by numerical calculations. The vertical radiated field of shear wave was obtained theoretically and compared with experiment. The experimental result of directivity pattern conformed the theoretical prediction, which provided the theoretical basis for the engineering application of the transducer.     

空间载频条纹相位分析法中的相位不确定性

分析了单频、双频空间载频光学条纹相位分析技术中的相位不确定性问题,提出采用两频率之比为无理数的双频载频条纹,相位可完全确定,并提出了基于两频率之比为无理数的空间载频条纹相位确定算法,给出了实验结果。     

Plastic-strain-softening waves in crystals

A system of equations describing the process of plastic deformation in a crystal is used to investigate self-sustained traveling structures theoretically. The equations for the velocity and density of dislocations are shown to describe two types of instability which are associated with anomalous damping of dislocations and structural disordering, respectively. Specific models are proposed for these two cases and investigated theoretically. Wavelike solutions, such as traveling fronts, solitons, and periodic waves, are found to exist.     

Surface lattice solitons

We study theoretically nonlinear surface waves in optical lattices and show that solitons can exist at the heterointerface between two different semi-infinite 1D waveguide arrays, as well as at the boundaries of a 2D nonlinear lattice. The existence and properties of these surface soliton solutions are investigated in detail.     

Neutral and positively charged excitons in quantum ring

We study theoretically quantized states of the neutral and positively charged exciton complexes confined within a circular narrow ring in the presence of the magnetic field applied along the symmetry axis. We show that in the structural adiabatic limit, when the width of the pattern of the particles pathways within the ring is much smaller than its radius, the wave equations for both complexes are separable and their exact solutions can be found in a form of the Fourier series of one and two variables, respectively. We present results of calculation of the lower energies of complexes as functions of the ring's radius and the magnetic field strength for different values of the electron-to-hole mass ratio. We found that in the molecular adiabatic limit, when this ratio tends to zero and the model describes the corresponding donor complexes, the physical interpretation of the quantum-size effect and the oscillations of energy levels in threading magnetic field revealed for the excitons spectra becomes more transparent.     

Measurement of surface roughness using dichromatic speckle

The dependence on the surface roughness of the structural difference of two normalized intensity distributions in a dichromatic speckle pattern is studied theoretically. It is shown that the difference of two speckle intensity distributions increases with increase of the object surface roughness. Using this proportional relationship, a new method for measuring surface roughness is proposed. The effective measuring range can be changed by varying the two wavelengths of the illuminating light. Some computer simulation studies are conducted to verify the theoretical results.     

Comparison of the Moiré and random pattern correlation techniques for strain measurement

The Moiré and random pattern correlation techniques for in-plane surface strain measurements are theoretically compared in terms of sensitivity and S/N ratio, assuming that the identical optical system is used for both cases. The results indicate that the sensitivities of the two methods are almost identical but that the S/N performance of the Moiré method is 2.5 times lower than that of the random pattern correlation method.     

高速调幅光束的光折变两波耦合的理论研究

对高速调幅光束的光折变两波耦合进行了理论研究，给出了复耦合系数为任意值时两波耦合方程的解析解，讨论了耦合系数对高速调幅光束的光折变两波耦合的影响。     

频域干涉测量中脉冲延迟时间测定方法的研究

在基于超短激光脉冲频域干涉技术的超快激光与物质相互作用的测量实验中,束一束间的延迟时间对瞬态特性的测量至关重要。利用两束脉冲频谱干涉条纹宽度与脉冲相对延迟时间成反比关系这一特性,阐述了通过对脉冲频谱干涉图进行傅里叶变换,在干涉条纹傅里叶变换面（时间域）上测量脉冲延迟时间的基本原理,并给出了测量误差分析,数值模拟结果显示通过傅里叶变换的方式,在频谱干涉图的时间域上可以有效地提取出两束脉冲间的相对延迟时间。     

掺杂KNSBN晶体各向异性自衍射的耦合波分析

在晶体光轴垂直于入射面的各向异性实验组态下,对掺杂KNSBN晶体的各向异性自衍射过程进行了理论分析和实验观测,给出了包含空间电荷场前两阶分量作用的各向异性自衍射的耦合波方程及其数值解。理论分析和实验结果都表明各向异性自衍射光来自于两束入射光的共同作用。     

Asymmetric self-similar flows of a viscous incompressible fluid along a right-angle corner

Symmetric and asymmetric self-similar flows of a viscous incompressible fluid along a semi-infinite right-angle dihedral corner with a preset streamwise pressure gradient have been considered. Equations describing such flows in the framework of boundary layer approximation have been derived. The asymptotic behavior of solutions of the derived equations far from the corner edge has been theoretically investigated. A new method of computation of these solutions has been developed. Solutions for two types of asymptotic behavior have been obtained.     

Creation and annihilation of phase singularities in a focal field

It is well known that uniform illumination of a lens leads to a focal field with a pattern of dark Airy rings in the focal plane, whereas this is not the case for Gaussian illumination. We show theoretically and experimentally that in the transition between the two cases the Airy rings, being phase singularities, reorganize themselves by means of a creation-annihilation process leading to new dark rings outside the focal plane.     

Damped vibration analysis of an elastically connected complex double-string system

The main purpose of the present paper is to consider theoretically damped transverse vibrations of an elastically connected double-string system. This system is treated as two viscoelastic strings with a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic layer between them. A theoretical analysis has been made for a simplified model of the system, in which assumed physical parameters make it possible to decouple the governing equations of motion by introducing the principal co-ordinates. Applying the method of separation of variables and the modal expansion method, exact analytical solutions for damped free and forced responses of the system subjected to arbitrarily distributed transverse continuous loads are determined in the case of arbitrary magnitude of linear viscous damping. It is important to note that the solutions obtained are explicitly expressed in terms of parameters characterizing the physical properties of the system under discussion. For the sake of completeness of the analysis, solutions for undamped free and forced vibrations are also formulated.     

The measurement of residual stress in textured steel using an ultrasonic velocity combinations technique

A new ultrasonic technique for the determination of residual stresses in steel, intended to correct for the effects of variable texture and microstructure, is proposed. The method is based upon the use of the compressional wave time delay in addition to the time delays of two orthogonally polarized shear waves used in the shear wave birefringence technique. This method is justified theoretically using expressions for the ultrasonic velocities in an aggregate of orthorhombic symmetry composed of cubic crystallites.Measurements of the three time delays for propagation in the through thickness direction have been made on a large number of steel plates selected at random. The measurements are found to fall on two lines, and reveal that two types of texture are present in rolled steel plates. In the presence of a stress, the measured points deviate from the lines and this effect is quantified theoretically using elastic constants obtained by applying a uniaxial compressive stress to one of the samples.The usefulness of the technique to determine a residual stress distribution is demonstrated by measurements near the tip of a crack in a compact tension specimen.     

Birth of solitons in quadratic spatial soliton collisions

We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the creation of a third soliton in two soliton collision processes in type I noncritically phase-matched KNbO3. The output pattern in the collision process is phase dependent, but the total energy and the relative ratio of the fundamental to the second harmonic in each soliton remain essentially unchanged to within experimental accuracy.     

Nonlinear waves in para-and ferroelectrics described by the Landau-Khalatnikov equation

The propagation of an extremely short (one cycle long) pulse of an electromagnetic field in a medium with two equilibrium states is considered theoretically. The analysis is based on the set of Maxwell equations and the Landau-Khalatnikov equation, in which the approximations of the slowly varying envelopes are not used. The solutions of this set that describe the steady-state propagation of a solitary polarization wave and of an electromagnetic pulse are found. In the approximation of a unidirectional wave, a numerical simulation of the propagation and interaction of solitary waves is performed in terms of the model considered.     

Generalized spatiotemporal chaos synchronization of the Ginzburg-Landau equation

In this paper, the generalized synchronization of two unidirectionally coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations is studied theoretically. It is demonstrated that the drive-response system has bounded attraction domain and compact attractors. It is derived that the correction equation has asymptotically stable zero solutions under certain conditions and that the sufficient conditions for smooth generalized synchronization and Hölder continuous generalized synchronization exist in the coupling system. Numerical result analysis shows the correctness of theory.     

Two-dimensional measurements of velocity using two rotating gratings

A two-dimensional vector velocimeter is proposed on the basis of the time-varying spatial filtering method using a rotating disk with two transmission gratings. The filtering characteristics of the spatial filter used in the velocimeter were studied theoretically. A preliminary experiment was performed to measure the velocity vector of a rotating random pattern. The experimental results show the usefulness of the present velocimeter for measurements of the velocity.     

Spectral Anomalies in the Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern

We study the spectral characteristics theoretically and experimentally in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern formed by the diffraction of a spatially coherent, polychromatic light through a slit. It is found that the spectrum in some diffraction directions close to the singular direction is redshifted, compared to the spectrum of the incident polychromatic light, and blueshifted in other directions, and splits into two lines at the singular direction. We show that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical expectations.     

粉末衍射谱图分解的模拟退火法

将模拟退火法应用于中子和x射线粉末衍射谱图分解研究中. 该方法有两个主要优点：一是 解谱结果不依赖于峰参数初始值的选取，可以任意给定峰参数初始值而不影响收敛性，因而 能克服传统最小二乘拟合法在拟合多峰严重重叠的复杂谱图时遇到的初始解的选取困难；二 是具有寻找全局最优解的能力，可有效解决谱图分解在数学上的多解性问题，这对于因多峰 重叠而可能存在多个局部最优解的谱图分解很有益处. 详细描述了方法的计算步骤，讨论了 有关参数设置，并通过模拟谱和实际谱例子对模拟退火法与传统最小二乘拟合法进行了比较 ，阐明了前者在处理复杂谱图时的独特优越性. 原则上该方法也可应用到与粉末衍射谱类似 能用峰形函数描述的其他实验谱的拟合研究中. 关键词： 谱图分解 模拟退火法 粉末衍射 分峰