在膨胀夸克–胶子等离子体相变过程中包含夸克碎块效应的动力学

数值求解了(1+1)维的,包含有夸克碎块效应源项的相对性流体力学方程,分析了极端高能下核碰撞时可能产生的相变过程中特征物理量:体系的能量密度、流速快度和重子数密度的演化. 源项中的夸克碎块效应则是通过唯象SU(3)弦模型味动力学进行描写的. 数值结果与Kajantie等人的结果进行了比较,也即间接地与实测结果相一致,模型物理图象清晰,结果表明了这种唯象自治理论模型的合理性.     

夸克质量矩阵与CP对称性破坏

本文给出一类夸克质量矩阵与CP破坏参量的精确解析关系. 有关结果适用于唯象研究不同质量矩阵模型及其CP破坏效应的细微差别.     

改进的核密度模型与强子-核Drell-Yan过程中的核效应

提出了改进的核密度模型，用唯象的方法找到了束缚核子内价夸克和海夸克的核效应的参数公式，其中利用了核密度与原子核的平均结合能之间的联系. 利用该模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数，对强子与核的Drell-Yan过程的核效应给出了满意的解释, 深化了对原子核内夸克分布受核效应影响的认识. 关键词： 核密度模型 核效应 强子-核Drell-Yan过程     

一种新的重夸克偶素唯象势

本文在夸克势模型已有工作的基础上, 借助QCD和实验方面的启示, 提出一种新的唯象势模型. 在两体薛定谔方程基础上, 利用数值计算方法求解了重夸克偶素cc、bb和tt系统的能谱、轻子衰变和电磁跃迁宽度. 大多数理论结果与实验数据很好地符合.     

夸克模型与等效的单介子交换N-N相互作用

利用夸克-反夸克产生模型推出了等效的单介子交换且包含顶点形状因子的N-N相互作用势, 结果在中长程部分与唯象相互作用符合较好.     

下夸克质量和味混合

本文根据实验呈现的KM混合矩阵的规律性,建议了这个矩阵的一种参数化形式.讨论了新参数的一些物理意义.在夸克的弱相互作用基下,得到了下夸克质量矩阵的唯象约束条件.提出了一个下夸克质量矩阵的模型.本模型可以利用下夸克质量近似计算KM混合矩阵,得到的结果和实验值符合得较好.     

200GeV/u的~(238)U+~(238)U核碰撞产生的双轻子谱(M≤4GeV/c~2)的计算

在夸克味动力学的计算中,除包含ｕ、ｄ、ｓ夸克及其反夸克外,还涉及粲夸克及其反夸克（ｃｃ）,采用包含夸克味动力学效应的相对论性流体力学模型,计算了碰撞能量为２００ＧｅＶ／ｕ的２３８Ｕ＋２３８Ｕ核碰撞时形成的膨胀ＱＧＰ及其在相变过程中发射的双轻子谱,轻子对的质量范围Ｍ≤４ＧｅＶ／ｃ２．计算结果与ＣＥＲＮＳＰＳ的实验测量数据进行了定性的比较和分析,得到初步的结论：由于夸克碎块和味动力学效应,Ｊ／ψ→μ＋＋μ－峰值被降低,导致低质量区（阈至１．３５ＧｅＶ／ｃ２）谱的提高．     

夸克偶素双光子衰变的相对论效应

考虑到各种相对论效应，唯象地研究了0－＋和0＋＋夸克偶素的双光子衰变. 相比于通常用的非相对论近似，我们的相对论唯象方法给出了3种分别由介子内夸克相对动量，相对能量，以及它的自旋形式的选取带来的效应. 在cc和ss中我们做了具体的分析     

改进的核密度模型与轻子-核DIS过程中的核效应

提出了改进的核密度模型, 用唯象的方法找到了束缚核子内价夸克和海夸克的 核效应的参数公式, 其中利用了我们已经建立的核密度与原子核的平均结合能 之间的联系. 利用该模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数, 对轻子与核 的DIS(深度非弹性散射)过程的核效应给出了满意的解释, 深化了对原子核内夸克分布受核效应影响的认识.     

夸克─夸克等效相互作用与手征对称性

从手征变换不变的要求出发给出了一个包括四种场交换的夸克－夸克等效相互作用势．用处理集团模型的共振群方法计算了核子－核子散射３Ｓ１和１Ｓ０态的相移．较好地解释了以往夸克势模型计算中１Ｓ０态相移与实验之间的差距．     

Theoretical study of the decaying convective turbulence in a shear-buoyancy PBL

The derivation of a theoretical model for the decaying convective turbulence in a shear-buoyancy planetary boundary layer is considered. The model is based on the dynamical equation for the energy density spectrum in which the buoyancy, mechanical and inertial transfer terms are retained. The parameterization for the buoyancy and mechanical terms is provided by the flux Richardson number. Regarding the inertial term an approach employing Heisenberg’s spectral transfer theory is used to describe the turbulence friction, caused by small eddies, responsible for the energy dissipation of the large eddies. Therefore, a novelty in this study is to utilize the Adomian decomposition method to solve directly without linearization the energy density spectrum equation, with this the nonlinear nature of the problem is preserved. Therefore, the errors found are only due to the parameterization used. Comparison of the theoretical model is performed against large-eddy simulation data for a decaying convective turbulence in a shear-buoyancy planetary boundary layer. The results show that the existence of a mechanical turbulent driving mechanism reduces in an accentuated way the energy density spectrum and turbulent kinetic energy decay generated by the decaying convective production in a shear-buoyancy planetary boundary layer.     

Integrating 1D and 2D hydrodynamic,sediment transport model for dam-break flow using finite volume method

The purpose of this study is to set up a dynamically linked 1D and 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport models for dam break flow.The 1D-2D coupling model solves the generalized shallow water equations,the non-equilibrium sediment transport and bed change equations in a coupled fashion using an explicit finite volume method.It considers interactions among transient flow,strong sediment transport and rapid bed change by including bed change and variable flow density in the flow continuity and momentum equations.An unstructured Quadtree rectangular grid with local refinement is used in the 2D model.The intercell flux is computed by the HLL approximate Riemann solver with shock captured capability for computing the dry-to-wet interface for all models.The effects of pressure and gravity are included in source term in this coupling model which can simplify the computation and eliminate numerical imbalance between source and flux terms.The developed model has been tested against experimental and real-life case of dam-break flow over fix bed and movable bed.The results are compared with analytical solution and measured data with good agreement.The simulation results demonstrate that the coupling model is capable of calculating the flow,erosion and deposition for dam break flows in complicated natural domains.     

Renormalizable models with simple symmetry breaking

If to a Lagrangian density with invariance under a continuous group of linear transformations of the fields a term linear or bilinear in the fields is added, the symmetry is in general reduced and the currents associated with the original symmetry are only partially conserved. If the theory without the added term is renormalizable, the theory with that term also is, and the needed renormalization conditions are the essential content of the appropriate Ward-Takahashi-Kazes-Rivers identities. The case of symmetry breaking by a term linear in Bose fields (source term) is here analysed completely, in particular with respect to the nonsymmetric limit of vanishing source term, a particular Goldstone mode, and with respect to properties of the ground state energy density as a function of the strength of the source term. Induced and spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry are also treated.     

A new traffic model with a lane-changing viscosity term

In this paper, a new continuum traffic flow model is proposed, with a lane-changing source term in the continuity equation and a lane-changing viscosity term in the acceleration equation. Based on previous literature, the source term addresses the impact of speed difference and density difference between adjacent lanes, which provides better precision for free lane-changing simulation; the viscosity term turns lane-changing behavior to a "force" that may influence speed distribution. Using a flux-splitting scheme for the model discretization, two cases are investigated numerically. The case under a homogeneous initial condition shows that the numerical results by our model agree well with the analytical ones; the case with a small initial disturbance shows that our model can simulate the evolution of perturbation, including propagation,dissipation, cluster effect and stop-and-go phenomenon.     

Energy flow model considering near field energy for predictions of acoustic energy in low damping medium

The Acoustic Energy Flow Boundary Element Method (AEFBEM) is developed to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of an engineering system. Up to now, the acoustic energy flow model has been used only for analysis of high frequencies or radiation noise because of plane wave and far-field assumptions. In this research, a new energy flow governing equation that can consider the near field acoustic energy term and spherical wave characteristics is derived successfully to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of a system in the medium-to-high frequency range. A near field term of acoustic energy in spherical coordinate is added to the relationship between energy density and energy flow. But with the far-field assumption, this term vanishes, so the relationship between energy density and energy flow becomes the same as that of the plane wave. By considering the near field energy term without far-field assumption, the energy density at medium frequencies can be estimated. However, the governing equation has to be numerically manipulated for use in the analysis of complex structures; therefore, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is implemented. AEFBEM is a numerical analysis method formulated by applying the boundary element method to an acoustic energy flow governing equation. It is very powerful in predicting the acoustic energy density and intensity of complex structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges, and can analyze interior noise and radiating sound. To verify its validity, several numerical results are provided. BEM and AEFBEM were compared with respect to energy density, and the results from both methods were similar.     

氢气扩散火焰中辐射源项湍流脉动特征的PDF模拟

采用κ-ε湍流模型、标量联合的概率密度函数(PDF)输运方程和层流火焰面模型相结合,模拟氢气自由扩散火焰中辐射源项湍流脉动特征.给出了主燃区内辐射源项湍流脉动的频率图.辐射源项的样本点分布集中,大约95%以上的样本落在其系综的±3倍方差以内,频谱图为单峰.     

A robust numerical model for premixed flames with high density ratios based on new pressure correction and IMEX schemes

In this study we present a model for the interaction of premixed flames with obstacles in a channel flow. Although the flow equations are solved with Direct Numerical Simulation using a low Mach number approximation, the resolution used in the computation is limited (∼1 mm) hence the inner structure of the flame and the chemical scales are not solved. The species equations are substituted with a source term in the energy equation that simulates a one-step global reaction. A level set method is applied to track the position of the flame and its zero level is used to activate the source term in the energy equation only at the flame front. An immersed boundary method reproduces the geometry of the obstacles. The main contribution of the paper is represented by the proposed numerical approach: an IMEX (implicit–explicit) Runge–Kutta scheme is used for the time integration of the energy equation and a new pressure correction algorithm is introduced for the time integration of the momentum equations. The approach presented here allows to calculate flames which produce high density ratios between burnt and unburnt regions. The model is verified by simulating first simple solutions for one- and two-dimensional flames. At last, the experiments performed by Masri and Ibrahim with square and rectangular bodies are calculated.     

Line source and site characterizations for defining the sound transmission loss of building facades

An analytical model is presented for defining the sound transmission loss of building facades exposed to noise from line sources. The model describes the non-diffuse sound field incident upon the facade in terms of both source and site parameters. The effects of facade orientation relative to the line source and the sound propagation with distance are introduced as a single term in the definition of the facade sound transmission loss. This term defines a mean angle of incidence for the exterior sound field that is equivalent to a point source location relative to a point on the facade. Numerical results are presented illustrating the magnitudes of these effects and it is shown that alternative methods for conducting field measurements of building facade sound transmission loss may be related by using this model.     

Baryon recoil and the fragmentation regions in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions

The maximum baryon and energy densities reached in the fragmentation regions of nuclear collisions are estimated with a new hydrodynamical model. Unlike previous models where recoil is included as a source term for the baryon current, in our model the baryon current is strictly conserved. The parameters of the model are furthermore adjusted to take into account the large baryon rapidity shifts observed recently in p + A → p + X. The implications for the production of high baryon density quark-gluon plasmas are discussed.     

强脉冲离子束辐照薄金属靶的热力学过程研究

在回顾和总结现有强脉冲离子束诊断技术和能量沉积模型的基础上, 结合红外成像诊断分析, 基于能量平衡, 提出了强脉冲离子束在固体靶中功率密度分布模型, 并采用蒙特卡罗方法对其进行计算. 以该功率密度模型作为源项, 使用有限元分析方法模拟强脉冲离子束入射100 μm不锈钢靶后内部温度场在毫秒时间范围内的分布和演化. 结果显示, 在微秒时间范围内, 热场以存在于近表面区域数倍于离子射程范围内的冲击热场为主要特征; 而在毫秒时间范围内, 靶的前后表面(纵向)已达到温度平衡, 且靶后表面温度场和入射前表面的离子束横截面能量密度具有空间分布的相似性. 这证明了, 在采用具有毫秒响应速度的红外拍摄系统的情况下, 背面红外诊断技术可以实现以较高的精度对强脉冲离子束横截面的能量分布进行诊断和分析.