大气气溶胶中溴、碘总量及其形态的提取和测定

比较了超声纯水提取不同时间和多种密封提取条件下大气气溶胶样品滤膜中溴、碘形态稳定性和提取率。结果表明:密封提取方法的提取率高于超声提取方法,但有可能破坏了某种未知的有机碘形态;在长时间纯水超声条件下,醋酸纤维(CF)空白滤膜加标回收中I-形态不稳定。因此,纯水超声提取5 min为最佳提取条件。对比醋酸纤维(CF)和玻璃纤维(GF)空白滤膜加标回收实验发现,各种提取条件下GF材质对样品中溴、碘形态稳定性的干扰比CF材质小。在优化大气气溶胶溴、碘形态提取方法的基础上,建立了HPLC-ICP-MS测定大气气溶胶中BrO3-、Br-、IO3-和I-的方法,并对合肥地区气溶胶样品中溴、碘总量及形态进行测定。合肥地区气溶胶中溴和碘总量浓度分别为883和231 pmol/m3。其中,Br-占总溴的69%,BrO3-未检出;70%的碘为未知形态,包括可溶性有机碘和不可溶性碘。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水产品中的碘和溴

为了建立同时测定紫菜、虾片、鱿鱼干、鲜虾皮等常见水产品中碘和溴含量的方法，通过正交试验设计选择最优提取条件，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定元素含量。样品粉碎后加入2%四甲基氢氧化铵，于80℃浸提3 h,然后以¹⁰³Rh为内标，应用ICP-MS测定¹²⁷I和⁷⁹Br含量。结果表明：两种元素在1～1 000μg/L范围内线性相关系数均大于0.999,加标回收率在85.7%～112.1%之间，重现性良好，碘和溴的检出限分别为0.0044μg/g和0.029μg/g,定量下限分别为0.015μg/g和0.097μg/g。该方法简单、便捷、准确，可为水产品中碘和溴的同时测定提供参考依据。     

逆王水微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中的碘和溴

地球化学样品经微波辅助逆王水消解后,在氨性介质中采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定碘和溴的含量。取样量为0.1 g,逆王水的用量为1.6 mL,对样品进行程序化微波消解,通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和信号漂移对测定所造成的影响。碘、溴的检出限分别0.15,0.21μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于5.0%(n=7),国家标准样品测定值与标示值相符。该方法在样品消解后加入定量氨水可直接分析,减小了碘测定的记忆效应,提高了分析速度,可应用于地球化学样品中碘和溴含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水体中溴和碘量

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水体中溴和碘的含量。水样无需前处理与内标溶液稀释后直接测定,用氨水(1+99)溶液作介质和清洗液。以铟为内标物。溴和碘的质量浓度在100μg·L-1以内与其响应强度呈线性关系,溴的检出限为0.19μg·L-1,碘的检出限为0.083μg·L-1。对5μg·L-1溴和碘的混合标准溶液连续测定18次,测定值的相对标准偏差为2.3%(溴),1.9%(碘)。方法用于水样的分析,加标回收率在88.0%~110%之间。     

高温燃烧-水蒸气吸收-离子色谱法测定纺织品中的有机卤化物

建立了高温燃烧-水蒸气吸收-离子色谱同时测定纺织品中有机氟、有机氯、有机溴和有机碘的分析方法。首先采用振荡方式去除纺织品中的无机卤化物得到试样,之后通过设计一种新型的高温燃烧吸收装置,采用程序升温方式对试样进行高温氧化燃烧、裂解及气化,产生的游离态卤素和卤化氢等气体被水蒸气吸收并完全转化为无机卤素阴离子,冷凝收集后用离子色谱分离测定,外标法定量。实验优化了称样量、燃烧方式、燃烧气及其流速、水蒸发量以及冷凝液收集方式等前处理条件,并对离子色谱分析条件进行优化。结果表明,氟、氯、溴、碘离子在0.02～10 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数（r2）均大于0.999;方法定量下限分别为：有机氟、有机氯1.0 mg/kg,有机溴2.5 mg/kg,有机碘5.0 mg/kg。以棉和涤纶2种不同种类的阴性纺织样品作为基质,在5、50、200 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,测得有机卤化物在棉和涤纶中的平均回收率分别为86.6%～100%和85.4%～99.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=7）分别为2.3%～5.6%和1.9%～5.7%,表明方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。将该方法应用于实际纺织样品的测定...     

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定微量溴和碘

采用粉末压片制样,用激光剥蚀进样技术-电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定植物和生物试样中微量溴和碘的含量。优化了激光剥蚀参数,考察了载气流量、仪器分辨率以及内标元素的选择对溴和碘测定的影响。方法的检出限(3s)为0.12μg.g-1(溴)和0.08μg.g-1(碘)。方法用于6种标准物质中溴和碘的测定,测定值与标准值吻合。     

矿石及土壤中微量溴的离子选择电极法测定

矿石中微量溴的测定通常采用比色法和中子活化法,前者易受干扰且稳定性差,后者因设备所限尚不能推广。随着离子选择电极法问世,现已有用电极法测溴的应用实例,但对于伴生有硫、碘的矿石中溴的测定未见报导。根据硫、碘离子较易氧化的特性,试验了对硫、碘离子进行氧化的条件,确定用硝酸钾、氢氧化钾熔融,使硫及大部分碘化物氧化成对电极法测溴不干扰的硫酸盐及碘酸盐。此外,我们还在浸液中滴入高锰酸钾溶液使碘氧化完全,并为防     

氯胺T氧化-酚红分光光度法测定含碘卤水中溴

卤水中微量溴离子常采用荧光素分光光度法测定[1],该法对时间的要求较为严格,操作较繁琐,测定含碘卤水中的溴离子重现性较差。酚红分光光度法测定[2]卤水中的溴离子,碘对其测定干扰较大。本工作在文献[3]基础上,采取措施消除碘的干扰,     

几种样品中溴与碘的离子色谱安培法测定

1 引言 许多样品通常要求测定溴和碘的含量,往往含量甚微,电导检测的离子色谱法达不到要求。本文研究了离子色谱安培法连续测定溴和碘的可行性,拟定了一个快速、简便,无干扰的、可同时测定各种样品中痕量溴和碘的方法。本法以艾斯卡半熔,抗坏血酸为还原剂,使样品中的碘全部转变成适合于离子色谱安培法检测     

高温裂解-离子色谱法测定煤中卤素的含量北大核心CSCD

建立高温裂解-离子色谱联用技术检测煤中卤素含量的方法。煤样30.0~40.0 mg在350 mL·min^(-1)富氧条件下经1 100℃高温裂解处理后,含卤素组分转化成气体形式被20 mmol·L^(-1)氢氧化钠溶液5 mL吸收后,采用离子色谱电导检测器和IonPac AS18柱测定吸收液中氟、氯和溴的含量,采用离子色谱安培检测器和Ionpac AS11-HC柱测定吸收液中碘离子的含量。结果表明,氟、氯、溴和碘的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为3.03,2.47,0.80,8.85 mg·kg^(-1)。精密度试验结果显示测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)均小于5.0%。按标准加入法对煤样进行回收试验,回收率在83.6%~105%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.