南昌市城区530名儿童血铅水平与锌、铁、钙关系的研究

为了解南昌市城区儿童血铅水平与锌、铁、钙的关系,采用严格质量控制的流行病学研究方法,于2001年5月－6月对城区530名儿童进行了血铅、锌、铁、钙测定。结果表明,530名2－8岁儿童血铅水平均值为81．63μg/L,铅中毒（血名值≥ 100μg/L）流行率为27．92％,铅中毒组患儿缺锌、缺铁比例均高于非铅中毒组,血锌均值铅中毒组低于非铅中毒组,差别有非常显著意义,P＜0．01,血钙、血铁水平两组差别无显著意义。血锌值与血铅水平呈负相关。提示对铅中毒患儿及时纠正缺锌、缺铁、缺钙状态是减少肠道对铅吸收的重要措施。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与血铅水平关系的探讨

对 8 0例ADHD患儿进行了血铅水平测定和行为评定 (Conners多动症评分量表 ) ,并设60例对照组。结果表明ADHD组血铅水平为 1 5 7 94± 4 1 1 3μg/L ,对照组为 94 73± 2 9 93μg/L ,其中儿童铅中毒发生率 ,ADHD组为 88 75 % ( 71 /80 ) ,对照组为 4 0 0 0 % ( 2 4 /60 ) ,经统计学处理 ,两组资料均具显著性差异 ;ADHD组经降铅治疗后血铅水平明显下降 ,同时反映ADHD临床症状的Conners评分亦明显下降。提示轻度铅中毒可能是ADHD的病因之一。建议在诊治ADHD时 ,采用相应的检测和治疗手段 ,将有助于ADHD的治疗     

轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗

为探讨轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗的方法 ,将 96例血铅水平 10 0～ 4 0 0 μg/L的铅中毒儿童随机分成三组 :对照组为健康教育组 ;治疗A组为服钙组 ;治疗B组为混合组 :服食钙剂的同时 ,配合进行有关的健康教育。分别干预三个月后复查血铅水平。结果表明 ,三组儿童干预前后的血铅水平分别为 :对照组 (n =30 ) 2 0 6 0± 6 6 0 μg/L ,134 2± 4 2 9μg/L ,下降了 35% ;治疗A组(n =34) 2 0 8 5± 6 0 3μg/L ,12 4 0± 4 0 7μg/L ,下降了 4 1% ;治疗B组 (n =32 ) 2 2 5 9± 70 4 μg/L ,10 8 4± 33 8μg/L ,下降了 52 %。干预前各组间血铅水平没有差异 (P >0 0 5) ,而干预后对照组与治疗A组、对照组与治疗B组间比较 ,t分别为 0 970 (P >0 0 5)、2 6 36 (P <0 0 1) ,对照组与治疗B组之间有显著差异。提示健康教育及口服钙剂皆能明显降低轻中度铅中毒儿童的血铅水平 ,而两者同时配合进行 ,效果更加显著。     

硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症疗效分析

为观察硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏的疗效,将98例锌缺乏儿童随机分为硒锌氨基酸治疗组及对照组,测定治疗前后血锌增加值,并比较治疗效果。结果表明,治疗组血锌平均增加值为(16.37±4.89)μmol/L,对照组为(12.39±5.01)μmol/L,P<0.01,差异有高度显著性;治疗组50例中,显效36例,有效10例,无效4例,对照组48例中显效24例,有效12例,无效12例,χ2=4.12,P<0.05,差异有显著性。可见硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症取得显著疗效。     

杭州市下城区572例2～6岁社区儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量检测及相关分析

对杭州下城区572例2～6岁儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量进行了检测。结果显示,572例2～6岁儿童血铅平均值为89 97μg/L,其中191例儿童血铅值≥100μg/L,占总调查人数33 4%;铅中毒组的血清锌均值低于正常组,差别有非常显著意义(P<0 01);血清钙、铁含量两组差别无显著意义;铅中毒组血铅与血清锌呈负相关。提示对铅中毒儿童及时纠正低锌状态是减少肠道对铅吸收的重要措施。建议3周岁社区儿童常规检测血铅,以便及时进行铅个体干预。     

中药与铅(2)

宫道华选用枸杞子、益智仁、煅牡蛎、牛磺酸组成智子颗粒剂,对162名血铅浓度高于0.966μmol/L(2oμg/dL)的7～12岁的儿童进行调查观察,6c名给药组与60名对照组分别服用智子颗粒剂与杞菊地黄丸各一个月,结果给药组血铅浓度降低0.633μmol/L(13.1μg/dL),而对照组仅降低0.149μmol/L(3.1μg/dL),给药组血红蛋白和     

用骨铅判断铅中毒的效果

用骨铅测定判断铅中毒的效果可以和血铅或其他指标相比较。Markowitz对 2 0 1例中度铅中毒、驱铅试验阳性儿童在相隔 7周所作的研究表明 ,接受螯合治疗的儿童骨铅、血铅和EP水平比未治疗儿童分别降低 40 μg/g、47μg/L和 2 48μg/L。然而 ,研究发现上述这些变化是不均匀的 ,初始铅水平较高的儿童降低最大 ,而初始水平低的儿童降低最少。当对初始水平进行对照分析或对初始水平进行分组对比分析时 ,发现治疗儿童和非治疗儿童之间的差异就不再显著。Rosen利用 1 44例铅中毒儿童的骨铅和血铅数据对驱铅试验结果进行了统计 ,发现当骨铅值高于…     

降铅保健液对儿童铅中毒治疗效果分析

为探讨非药物驱铅对铅中毒患儿的治疗效果 ,给锌原卟啉 (ZPP)值 >3 5 μg g- 1Hb的儿童服用降铅保健液 ,未服用者作为对照组。结果表明 ,服用降铅保健液组和对照组儿童 ,经过一个月后 ,ZPP值均有下降 ,服用组的ZPP值平均下降幅度达 2 2 4μg g- 1Hb ,大于对照组 (0 89μg g- 1Hb) ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。两组儿童均未出现肝肾功能异常 ,未有患儿诉不良反应。提示服用降铅保健液驱铅对铅中毒儿童是有效和安全的方法     

川崎病患儿血铅水平与冠状动脉损伤

为探讨铅在川崎病冠状动脉损伤中的作用，对36例川崎病患儿在起病2～4周行超声心动图检查，分为冠状动脉损伤组（25例）和无冠状动脉损伤组（11例），以健康儿童作为正常对照组（15例），采用钨舟原子化法检测全血铅水平。结果表明，冠状动脉损伤组和无冠状动脉损伤组川崎病患儿血铅分别为（63．66±26．47）μg／L和（40．64±12．52）μg／L，均高于正常对照组的（20．88±13．32）μg／L（P〈0．05），且冠状动脉损伤组血铅又高于无冠状动脉损伤组（P〈0．05）。提示铅在川崎病的发病及其冠状动脉损伤中起重要作用，川崎病患儿应及时检查铅含量，即使未达中毒剂量也应驱铅治疗。     

韶关市学龄前儿童血铅与身高体质量关系的初步研究

为探讨韶关市学龄前儿童血铅水平及其对儿童身高、体质量的影响，随机抽取1128名2～6岁儿童为调查对象，测定其身高、体质量，并分别换算成z标准分；采指端末梢血20止，用钨舟原子吸收光谱法，测定血铅水平。结果显示，2～6岁1128名儿童均值97．9μg/L，几何均值82．1μg/L，铅中毒率39．89％，血铅水平及铅中毒率，男、女童无显著差异；血铅值与身高呈显著性负相关，随着年龄的增加，其相关系数减少；在6岁前，血铅值与体质量呈显著性负相关；高血铅组（≥100μg／L）女童体质量、身高z分显著低于低血铅组；男童体质量Z分显著低于低血铅组。提示年龄越小，铅暴露对儿童身高、体质量发育的损害越大；其中对女童的影响较明显。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.