For the 50th anniversary of the laboratory of alkaloid chemistry,Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences

The present review gives the main advances made in the laboratory of alkaloid chemistry of the Institute of Plant Substances of the Usbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences [IKhRV AN RUz] (Tashkent) over 50 years in the field of the chemistry of diterpene, isoquinoline, quinoline, steroid, indole, spiropiperidine, sulfur-containing, tropane, pyrrolidine, quinazoline, quinolizidine, amaryllis, and pyrrolizidine bases and possible routes for the biosynthesis of some of these groups of alkaloids.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–33, January–February, 1993.     

Determination of trace elements in wines and classification according to their provenance

Provenance and authenticity of wines can be recognized on the basis of typical mineral and trace element patterns by means of chemometric methods. Therefore analytical methods were developed for the determination of As, Be, Co, Cs, Ga, Li, Nb, Ni, Rb, Te, Ti, W, Y, and Zr as well as Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, U, and the rare earth elements in wines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For low risk of contamination or loss of analyte as well as depletion of sample amount and an easy sample pretreatment, direct measurement of diluted wines was studied. The accuracy of the analytical results was proven by recovery experiments by method comparison with standard addition methods and measurement of digested wines. In addition to applying statistical methods for characterizing the precision of the methods, the uncertainty of the measurements was estimated.Results for the elements mentioned above and additional 16 elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn) were evaluated by data analytical methods. Due to a specific choice of the analytes for multivariate statistical investigation a prediction rate by cross validation of 88.6% could be achieved.     

ICP-AES法对不同施肥、生长年限秦艽宏量和微量元素的测定

采用硝酸、高氯酸进行消解,用ICP-AES对秦艽中的宏量和微量元素含量进行了测定,比较了不同施肥处理与不同生长年限处理对植株内宏量和微量元素的影响.结果表明,不同施肥及生长年限处理秦艽所含宏量和微量元素含量不同,不同施肥处理与CK相比,施NPK混合肥最好,能够增加Fe、Mn、zn、Na、Mg的含量,分别为18.5%、1...     

High-performance liquid chromatography of alkaloids

Literature information on the HPLC of alkaloids, including adsorption, reversed-phase, ion-exchange, ion-pair, and other variants is generalized. Results are given of the chromatographic analysis of various classes of alkaloids with an indication of the conditions of separation, and the columns used, and also of the methods of detection. The advantages and disadvantages of the HPLC variants are discussed. The review includes the literature over the last 14 years. Scientific Center for Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 595–613, September–October, 1991.     

丝素蛋白纤维及功能化材料的设计与构筑

随着环境污染、资源枯竭和医疗健康等问题的加剧,研发同时满足特定使用性能、安全性及可再生性的新型材料成为当前的发展趋势.而丝素蛋白材料正是以天然蚕丝为基本原材料,经一定的加工和功能化而形成的具有特殊结构、独特性能和广泛应用的生物质材料,近年来在生物医药、生物电子、智能传感等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力.本专论总结了丝素蛋白纤维及功能化材料的最新成果,结合本课题组相关工作,重点阐述了再生丝素蛋白纤维的仿生制备、生物医用支架的构筑与功能化、智能电子材料的设计以及天然多功能蚕丝及其构筑基元制备的研究进展,以期为高性能丝素蛋白材料的设计与构筑提供指导和借鉴.     

Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine has been evaluated. Seven quantitative parameters, andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, neoandrographolide, moisture, ash content, and alcohol-soluble extract of Andrographis paniculata, were evaluated by NIRS. The reference values of andrographolides were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the others were obtained using the standard methods of the 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The predicted values were determined by a quantitative model using NIRS based on partial least square regression. Different spectral preprocessing methods, spectral ranges, and optimum number of factors were selected to optimize the models. All models were estimated by the combination of various parameters, including the correlation coefficient of calibration for andrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, neoandrographolide, moisture, ash content, alcohol-soluble extract (values of 0.980, 0.984, 0.989, 0.983, 0.987, 0.988, 0.979, respectively), root mean square error of calibration (values of 0.156, 0.038, 0.050, 0.029, 0.604, 0.431, 0.135, respectively), root mean square error of prediction (values of 0.169, 0.041, 0.050, 0.033, 0.280, 0.493, 0.140, respectively), root mean square error of cross-validation (values of 0.626, 0.114, 0.158, 0.046, 1.145, 0.774, 0.508, respectively), and ratio of standard deviation to standard error of prediction (values of 4.583, 4.690, 4.796, 4.899, 4.899, 4.690, 5.099, respectively). The results show that the calibration models by NIRS are reliable and can be applied for the quantification for seven parameters from A. paniculata for quality control in traditional Chinese medicine production and processing.     

Elemental content in wheat products of Al-Qusim region, Saudi Arabia using the INAA technique

Wheat is one of the most grown crops in Saudi Arabia. It is grown in various regions of the country. Accurate knowledge of the elemental concentrations in wheat and its products (bran and flour) is of great importance from a nutritional point of view. Wheat samples were obtained from the Al-Qusim region, 300 km northwest of Riyadh, and analyzed. Up to 50 elements (Al, Sb, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Ca, Cs, Cl, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Au, Hf, In, I, Ir, Fe, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, K, Rb, Sc, Se, Ag, Na, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Sn, Ti, W, U, V, Zn, Zr, Ce, Dy, Eu, La, Lu, Nd, Sm, Tb and Yb) were determined in the wheat products. It was observed that the elemental content of bran was much higher than that of white flour.     

Quantum chemistry and spectroscopy of highly excited states of coordination compounds

Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Branch of the Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 90–103, November–December, 1988.     

Simultaneous GC-MS quantitation of o-phosphoric, aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, proline, hydroxymethylfurfurol and sugars as their TMS derivatives: In honeys

Summary A GC-MS procedure is described for the simultaneous quantitatation of the minor and major constituents of honeys, as their trimethylsilyl derivatives, from one solution, by one injection. Selected minor components (aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, members of various homologous series, together with o-phosphoric acid, proline and hydroxymethylfurfurol), have been determined on the basis of their characteristic fragment ions, in the presence of extremely high excess of honeysaccharides. Selective fragmentation of these minor compounds in the ion trap detector provided possibilities for distinguishing them. The method permitted the simultaneous quantitation of o-phosphoric, malic, shikimic, citric/isocitric, quinic, margaric, oleic and stearic acids, hydroxymethylfurfurol and proline with the extremely high sugar contents of honeys (fructose, glucose, galacturonic acid, inositol, sucrose, trehalose, turanose, maltose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, melezitose, maltotriose, panose, isomaltotriose) and allowed the fast evaluation of sugar and acid constituents of fifteen honeys from various floral and geological origin. Results revealed that (i) the minor components varied in the concentration range of 0.0001 to 0.43%, and, (ii) together with the saccharides of honeys made up the total of identified and determined constituents from 87.8% to 98.5%. Quantitative evaluation of the minor constituents was performed on the basis of their selective fragment ion values with an average reproducibility of 6.7% (RSD). Presented at: Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 3–5, 1997     

Composition of cottonseed soapstock fats

The compositions of cottonseed soapstocks from first-grade and low-grade cotton seeds have been studied by the methods of CC on polyamide and on silica gel, TLC, GLC, ESR, and UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. It has been found that saturated, and also oxygenated, fatty acids, nonpolar acylglycerols, glycolipids, sterols, arylalkanes, gossypol pigments, and ions of metals of variable valence are concentrated in the acid fat of the soapstock from low-grade seeds. The soapstock contains a very small amount of tocopherols and phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylinositols. The combined gossypol pigments of the soapstocks include stabilized gossypol radical ions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 502–508, July–August, 1988.     

Analysis of molybdenum oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry

Procedures for the analysis of molybdenum oxide by of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are proposed on the basis of preliminary extraction separation of molybdenum from impurity elements. To separate 39 impurity elements (Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Pb, Bi, Th, and U), the extraction of molybdenum from hydrochloric acid solutions using 5-n-pentylthio-8-hydroxyquinoline was used. The capacities of both methods ICP-AES and ICP-MS in the analysis of molybdenum oxide analysis were examined without the removal of the matrix and after the extraction separation of molybdenum.     

中药微量元素数据（12）

“中药微量元素数据”分为植物药、动物药、生物甲壳药、矿物药和中成药刊出,其中又细分为解表药、泻下药、清热药、利水渗湿药、祛风湿药、温里祛寒药、芳香化湿药、理气药、理血药、补养药、固涩药、化痰止咳药、消导药、熄风镇痛药、养心安神药、芳香开窍药、外用药、驱虫药、各类中药煎煮液。〈br〉 检测的中药747种,共6780味。每种药包括药名、学名、科属、部位、产地、元素含量、分析方法和文献来源等8个内容。以表格形式表示。每味药物最多测定38种元素,最少测定4种元素,平均测定17种元素,共展示出的元素数据约12万个。〈br〉 每一个数据含义非常深刻,如序号为113的黄芩,共测定河北、山西、辽宁、黑龙江、山东、云南、四川、河南、吉林、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古、江苏等50个不同产地黄芩中的20种元素。又如序号为114的猕猴桃,共测定其中花、果、叶、枝、茎、根、皮、汁等8个不同部位中的23种元素。从元素的角度去研究中药不同产地、不同部位的药用功效,很有科研价值和实用意义。还可以用模式识别法去研究微量元素与中药的解表、清热、理气、理血等药性的关系,指导合理用药和配伍,深入研究中药与元素数据的关系,可以发现其中许多意想不到的科学规律。〈br〉 “数据”所参考的1036条文献,全是公开发表的论文和专著,是中国科研人员使用34种先进的分析测试方法所得的分析测试数据,是研究课题的“数据”,有高度的可靠性。对中药进行“解剖”测试,不但测定其“全身”中的元素,还测定其不同“器官”中的元素含量,如人参,既测定全参,又测定人参子、人参叶、人参皮、人参花、人参芦、人参茎、人参果、人参须等8个不同部位的元素含量,用元素功能指导临床用药很有帮助,甚至有些可用替代药,而且用中药治疗的阴虚、阳虚、气虚、阴阳两虚与中药中的元素的种类和含量息息相关。中医药不再是验方,是科学“数据”方。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光测定钨钼锡矿中的主次成分

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定矿物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、W、Al、Fe、Si、K、Na、Ti、Ca、Sn等13种主次量元素,采用混合均匀的三混熔剂,以硝酸锂为氧化剂、溴化锂为脱膜剂,进行实验条件优化选择。在650℃下对样品进行预氧化,在1100℃下高温熔融,熔融时间为300 s,最后制成均匀透明,表面光滑无气孔的熔片,以部分国家一级标准物质和自制的钨钼锡标准样品,熔融制片进行测定,线性拟合建立标准曲线,并通过测定谱线选择、基体校正,使钨钼锡的测定范围扩宽,从微量到主量均能进行测定,并且适用于多种不同矿石的测定。样品的组成和含量变化会对分析线强度造成吸收、增强以及谱线重叠的影响,采用经验系数和理论α系数结合来校正其产生的基体效应。相同条件下熔融10个标准样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,表明方法的准确度、精密度均满足国家相关质量标准的要求。选用一些含量不同的标准样品进行测定,最终的测定结果与标准值相符,表明方法可用于钨钼锡矿的测定。     

Behaviour of trace element concentration in human organs in dependence of age and environment

To study the behaviour of trace elements in dependence of age and environment, samples of skin, lung, heart, aorta, kidney, liver, and brain were assayed for concentrations of Fe, Zn, Rb, Co, Cr, Se, Sc, Sb, Cs, Al and partly Eu. Nearly all element concentrations changed with progressing age, but they showed no clear correlation to either parameter assessed. The non-essential elements Sc, Sb, and Sc were increasingly concentrated in all organs except the skin. Comparing lung samples of patients from highly industrialized regions with those of lesser industrialization, the elements Sc, Al, Sb, Eu and Co were accumulated by a factor of 10 to 100. Thus the concentrations of trace elements in human organism also depends on the degree of industrialization.     

Optimization of sample preparation and ICP-MS analysis for determination of 60 elements for characterization of the plant ionome

An ICP-MS method for determination of 60 elements in plant samples is proposed based on optimization of digestion, recommending use of HF besides HNO₃ and H₂O₂ and calibration procedures, using CRMs for construction of calibration curves. Adequate choice of analytical isotopes and various measurement conditions (cold plasma for the determination of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si and Sr and DRC mode for determination of Ag, As, Ni, Pd, Pt, Se and V) as well as introduction of appropriate corrections lead to determination of as large number of elements with quadropole ICP-MS as with the more expensive SF-ICP-MS. Two measurements are performed: cold plasma and standard/DRC mode. The analytical characteristics of the method are demonstrated by analysis of five CRMs and the agreement of the experimental results with the certified/information/literature values is very good. Detection limits are low enough to permit the determination of all elements but platinum metals at background level. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by analysis of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) samples collected from regions with different anthropogenic influence. The results indicate high degree of pollution round the Pb-Zn smelter with As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and increased concentrations of B, Be, Bi, Hg, In, Mn, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V and Zr. The dandelion sample, collected along a highway has increased concentrations of traffic released elements: Pt, Pd, Rh, Ce, La, Pb as well as Cu, Zn, Ba and Rb.     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

Stereospecificity of a lysophospholipase from the venom ofVespa orientalis

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 700095, Tashkent, ul. Niyazova, 1. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 625–627, July–August, 1995. Original article submitted November 9, 1994.     

Overall connectivities/topological complexities: a new powerful tool for QSPR/QSAR

Earlier attempts to assess the complexity of molecules are analyzed and summarized in a number of definitions of general and topological complexity. A concept which specifies topological complexity as overall connectivity, and generalizes the idea of molecular connectivities of Randic, Kier, and Hall, is presented. Two overall connectivity indices, TC and TC1, are defined as the connectivity (the sum of the vertex degrees) of all connected subgraphs in the molecular graph. The contributions to TC and TC1, which originate from all subgraphs having the same number of edges e, form two sets of eth-order overall connectivities, eTC and eTC1. The total number of subgraphs K is also analyzed as a complexity measure, and the vector of its eth-order components, eK, is examined as well. The TC, TC1, and K indices match very well the increase in molecular complexity with the increase in the number of atoms and, at a constant number of atoms, with the increased degree of branching and cyclicity of the molecular skeleton, as well as with the multiplicity of bonds and the presence of heteroatoms. The potential of the three sets of eth-order complexities for applications to QSPR was tested by the modeling of 10 alkane properties (boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, critical volume, molar volume, molecular refraction, heat of formation, heat of vaporization, heat of atomization, and surface tension), in parallel with Kier and Hall's molecular connectivity indices (k)chi. The topological complexity indices were shown to outperform molecular connectivity indices in 44 out of the 50 pairs of models compared, including all models with four and five parameters.     

中药微量元素数据（22）

＂中药微量元素数据＂分为植物药、动物药、生物甲壳药、矿物药和中成药刊出,其中又细分为解表药、泻下药、清热药、利水渗湿药、祛风湿药、温里祛寒药、芳香化湿药、理气药、理血药、补养药、固涩药、化痰止咳药、消导药、熄风镇痛药、养心安神药、芳香开窍药、外用药、驱虫药、各类中药煎煮液。检测的中药747种,共6 780味。每种药包括药名、学名、科属、部位、产地、元素含量、分析方法和文献来源等8个内容。以表格形式表示。每味药物最多测定38种元素,最少测定4种元素,平均测定17种元素,共展示出的元素数据约12万个。每一个数据含义非常深刻,如序号为113的黄芩,共测定河北、山西、辽宁、黑龙江、山东、云南、四川、河南、吉林、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古、江苏等50个不同产地黄芩中的20种元素。又如序号为114的猕猴桃,共测定其中花、果、叶、枝、茎、根、皮、汁等8个不同部位中的23种元素。从元素的角度去研究中药不同产地、不同部位的药用功效,很有科研价值和实用意义。还可以用模式识别法去研究微量元素与中药的解表、清热、理气、理血等药性的关系,指导合理用药和配伍,深入研究中药与元素数据的关系,可以发现其中许多意想不到的科学规律。＂数据＂所参考的1 036条文献,全是公开发表的论文和专著,是中国科研人员使用34种先进的分析测试方法所得的分析测试数据,是研究课题的＂数据＂,有高度的可靠性。对中药进行＂解剖＂测试,不但测定其＂全身＂中的元素,还测定其不同＂器官＂中的元素含量,如人参,既测定全参,又测定人参子、人参叶、人参皮、人参花、人参芦、人参茎、人参果、人参须等8个不同部位的元素含量,用元素功能指导临床用药很有帮助,甚至有些可用替代药,而且用中药治疗的阴虚、阳虚、气?     

不同生长时期盐藻无机元素分析

测定了对数生长期和稳定期盐藻中10种无机元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量。结果表明，稳定期盐藻中K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量比对数生长期都有不同程度的增加，Na、P的含量反而降低。