聚合物太阳能电池研究进展

有机材料是近年来新型太阳能电池的研究热点,本文按太阳能电池材料的组成分类,对太阳能电池的原理及其材料的种类进行了详细地总结,重点介绍了导电聚合物基的太阳能电池的研究进展.     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO₂光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率（30%）,引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池（p型和p-n型叠层器件）的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

Effects of solar radiation on collagen and chitosan films

Photo-aging and photo-degradation are the deleterious effect of chronic exposure to sun light of many materials made of natural polymers. The resistance of the products on the action of solar radiation is very important for material scientists. The effect of solar radiation on two natural polymers: collagen and chitosan as well as collagen/chitosan blends in the form of thin films has been studied by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that UV-Vis spectra, which characterise collagen and collagen/chitosan films, were significantly altered by solar radiation. FTIR spectra of collagen and collagen/chitosan films showed that after solar irradiation the positions of amide A and amide I bands were shifted to lower wavenumbers. There was not any significant alteration of chitosan UV-Vis and FTIR spectra after solar radiation. In the condition of the experiment chitosan films were resistant to the action of solar radiation. The effect of solar UV radiation in comparison to artificial UV radiation has been discussed.     

无机非铅钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池因其光吸收效率高、载流子寿命长、晶格缺陷容忍度高、能带可调等优点得到迅速发展,在短短几年内其太阳能转化效率已经达到22.1%。然而,在人们看到钙钛矿太阳能电池广阔发展前景的同时,其铅毒性和不稳定性严重限制了它的应用推广。无机非铅钙钛矿太阳能电池(ABX_3、A_2BB′X_6等)利用Sn、Ge、Bi、Ag等金属取代铅,以Cs、Rb等取代甲胺有希望解决目前钙钛矿太阳能电池的毒性和稳定性问题。本文主要对近几年无机非铅钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究现状做一个分析总结,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO_2光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率(30%),引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池(p型和p-n型叠层器件)的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

网状骨架CVD生长碳纳米管用于重盐水脱盐

目前,太阳能海水淡化领域通过光子管理、纳米尺度热调控、开发新型光热转换材料、设计高效光吸收太阳能蒸馏器等方法实现了界面太阳能驱动蒸汽生成,这种绿色、可持续的脱盐技术已成为近年来的研究热点。碳基材料如碳纳米管、石墨烯、炭黑、石墨等都有涵盖整个太阳光光谱的光吸收能力,是一类新型的光热转换材料。本文通过对材料进行微结构设计,使用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术,在不锈钢网状骨架上生长碳纳米管形成光热转换活性区,以实现高效光吸收、光热转换,并进一步设计了房屋型太阳能蒸发器,其中盐水表面被微米网状-碳纳米管蒸发膜覆盖,利用光热转换过程产生的热量驱动重盐水中的水蒸发产生水蒸气,最后对水蒸气进行冷凝回收实现脱盐。实验结果表明,当光照强度为1个太阳光(1 kW·m~(-2))时,膜表面温度迅速升高并稳定于84.37°C,对于重盐水(100 g·L~(-1) NaCl)的脱盐率达到99.92%,可实现稳定持续的重盐水脱盐。这种方法可用于构建多孔界面光热转换脱盐系统,对设计界面光蒸汽转化膜材料及器件,实现规模化海水淡化具有重要的意义。     

The effect of neutron and mixed gamma and neutron irradiation on the solar properties of borosilicate glass

Neutron and mixed gamma and neutron irradiation, at different absorbed doses, of borosilicate glass with four different chemical compositions was conducted to investigate the effects on the solar properties of the glass. Irradiation was performed in the tangential beam tube and central thimble of a nuclear reactor. The effect of thermal and epithermal neutrons on such solar properties as secondary heat-transfer factor, solar factor (the total solar energy transmittance), and shading coefficient of the borosilicate glass were investigated to determine the effect on the solar properties of borosilicate glass, because of its neutron absorbance property.     

Exergetic performance evaluation of solar air heater having V-down perforated baffles on the absorber plate

Baffles serve as heat transfer augmentation features in solar air heaters; however, they increase pressure drop in flow channels. Perforated baffles are relatively good heat transfer augmentation features with superior performance over conventional smooth duct solar air heater and as a result find application in some solar air heaters. The exergy method is employed to in determining the roughness parameters, as second law-based exergy analysis is suitable for design of roughened solar air heaters. The exergetic efficiency of V down perforated baffled roughened duct solar air heater is studied analytically, and the results obtained compared with conventional system. Results indicate that high efficiency with optimum V down perforated baffle improves the heat absorption and dissipation potential of a solar air heater. Design plots are prepared to predict the optimum roughness parameter as a function of temperature rise parameter.     

Investigation on influence of dimpled surfaces on heat transfer enhancement and friction factor in solar water heater

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The solar water heating system efficiently converts available solar energy into useful thermal energy. The collector is the predominant unit of the...     

Triton X-100对染料敏化太阳电池性能影响的研究

采用无水相体系的胶体通过丝网印刷工艺制备TiO2薄膜电极,研究发现曲拉通(TritonX-100)可以明显改变TiO2电极显微结构,且对染料敏化太阳电池的性能影响显著.过少或过多的曲拉通都将导致开路电压、短路电流、填充因子以及效率的降低.由3gP25粉末配制的胶体中,曲拉通适宜的加入量约为0.8mL.     

钙钛矿型太阳能电池制备工艺及稳定性研究进展

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿型太阳能电池因其简单的制备工艺,低廉的制造成本,优异的光电转换效率,成为光伏领域的研究热点。钙钛矿光吸收材料具有消光系数高、载流子迁移率高、载流子寿命长、带隙可调控等优点。短短几年内,钙钛矿型太阳能电池的效率从最初的3.8%提高到22.1%。目前,为了获得稳定高效的钙钛矿型太阳能电池,主要有以下几个研究思路:新型器件结构设计;结构功能层的材料形貌设计;结构各功能层间的界面修饰;空穴传输材料的选择;对电极的选择。本文通过文献综述,在回顾了国内外研究者对钙钛矿型太阳能电池的研究历程的基础上,介绍了钙钛矿型太阳能电池的结构和工作原理,重点总结了电子传输层和钙钛矿层的制备工艺及优化,并讨论了钙钛矿型太阳能电池的稳定性以及展望了其商业化的前景。     

光热材料在太阳能海水脱盐中应用的研究进展

用于海水脱盐的太阳能界面蒸发装置因其绿色环保、简单高效以及适用范围广等优点,受到了广泛关注。与传统的体积式蒸发装置不同,太阳能界面蒸发装置将太阳光的收集和蒸汽的产生锁定在空气-水的界面,无需从底部加热整体水来产生蒸汽,极大提高了能源利用效率。本文详细介绍了太阳能界面水蒸发装置的重要组成部分——光热材料的光热转换机理、材料种类以及材料的性能;探讨了高效海水净化太阳能蒸发装置的设计策略(增强光吸收、充足水供应、耐盐排盐等)。在此基础上,总结了基于界面蒸发中的太阳能蒸发装置的研究进展,展望了新型太阳能蒸发装置在海水净化领域的发展前景。     

High efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells based on metal-free indoline dyes

We now report metal-free organic dyes having a new type of indoline structure, which exhibits high efficiencies in dye-sensitized solar cells. The solar energy to current conversion efficiencies with the new indoline dye was 6.51%. Under the same conditions, the N3 dye was 7.89% and the N719 dye was 8.26%. The new indoline dye was optimized for the amount of 4-tert-butyl pyridine in the electrolyte and cholic acid as a coadsorbent. Subsequently, the solar energy to current conversion efficiencies reached 8.00%. This value was the highest obtained efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cells based on metal-free organic dyes without an antireflection layer.     

钙钛矿型太阳能电池制备工艺及稳定性研究进展

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿型太阳能电池因其简单的制备工艺,低廉的制造成本,优异的光电转换效率,成为光伏领域的研究热点。钙钛矿光吸收材料具有消光系数高、载流子迁移率高、载流子寿命长、带隙可调控等优点。短短几年内,钙钛矿型太阳能电池的效率从最初的3.8%提高到22.1%。目前,为了获得稳定高效的钙钛矿型太阳能电池,主要有以下几个研究思路：新型器件结构设计;结构功能层的材料形貌设计;结构各功能层间的界面修饰;空穴传输材料的选择;对电极的选择。本文通过文献综述,在回顾了国内外研究者对钙钛矿型太阳能电池的研究历程的基础上,介绍了钙钛矿型太阳能电池的结构和工作原理,重点总结了电子传输层和钙钛矿层的制备工艺及优化,并讨论了钙钛矿型太阳能电池的稳定性以及展望了其商业化的前景。     

太阳能-TiO2多相光催化反应强化技术

简要阐述了太阳能－TiO2多相光催化反应的机理，探讨了强化TiO2多相光催化反应的技术途径。     

表面反应在半导体光催化水分解过程中的重要性

利用光解水制氢将太阳能直接转化并储存为氢和氧的化学能是解决能源危机和环境污染的有效途径之一。光解水制氢过程中光生载流子在材料表面处发生的氧化还原反应尤为复杂,由于表面反应拥有较高的过电位以及缓慢的气体脱附速率而成为整个光解水过程中的速控步骤,因此得到了研究者的重点关注和研究。本文就催化剂表面反应过程调控的科学问题进行简要总结和展望。结合光催化水分解基本原理,(i)阐述了促进表面水分解反应速率的主要方法;(ii)介绍了表面助催化剂的作用和分类;(iii)讨论了材料表面态的钝化和保护层的包覆对表面水分解反应的影响。最后对光催化水分解表面反应研究的未来发展方向提出了若干设想。     

Effect of temperature on the efficiency of organometallic perovskite solar cells

In recent years perovskite solar cells have attracted an increasing scientific and technological interest in the scientific community. It is important to know that the temperature is one of the factors which have a strong effect on the efficiency of perovskite solar cell. This study communicates a temperature analysis on the photovoltaic parameters of CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskite solar cell in a broad interval from 80 to 360 K. Strong temperature-dependent photovoltaic effects have been observed in the type of solar cell, which could be mainly attributed to CH_3NH_3PbI_3, showing a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at low temperature(T 160 K). An increase in temperature over the room temperature decreased the perovskite solar cell performance and reduced its efficiency from 16% to 9%. The investigation with electronic impedance spectroscopy reveals that at low temperature(T 120 K) the charge transport layer limits the device performance, while at high temperature(T 200 K), the interfacial charge recombination becomes the dominant factor.     

萘酰亚胺-卟啉星型电子受体分子的构筑及其在非富勒烯太阳能电池中的应用

非富勒烯太阳能电池目前已经成为有机太阳能电池的研究热点,大量的共轭电子受体分子被开发,并成功应用到高性能光伏器件中。共轭分子作为非富勒烯电子受体,需要综合考虑吸收、能级、电子传输以及结晶性等,其中宽吸收光谱可以提高对太阳光谱的利用,是分子设计中重要因素之一。本工作中,我们设计一种新型电子受体分子,以卟啉为核、萘酰亚胺为端基以及炔为桥连基团。这种新型分子具有近红外的吸收光谱以及合适的能级。将一种具有吸收互补的共轭聚合物为电子给体,星型分子为电子受体应用到电池的活性层中,我们获得了1.8%的能量转换效率,电池的光谱响应为300–900 nm。实验结果证明了这种以卟啉为核的分子设计在实现近红外吸收的电子受体方面具有重要应用前景。     

掺钠钼电极在硒化铜铟镓(CIGS)太阳能薄膜电池应用

适量钠元素对铜铟镓硒薄膜生长具有促进作用,本文主要研究了掺钠钼电极特性及其对铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响。利用磁控溅射方法制备不同厚度的钼钠/钼(Mo Na/Mo)薄膜作为背电极,并在(Mo Na/Mo)薄膜电极上蒸镀铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜,并利用单质硒源硒化处理后制备CIGS薄膜电池。SEM和XRD结果表明采用三层叠层Mo/Mo/Mo Na薄膜做电极的Mo Na容易被氧化,电阻率增加,采用四层叠层Mo/Mo/Mo Na/Mo薄膜电极方式有效降低电阻率,阻止Mo Na被氧化,CIGS晶粒较大且致密。在同一条件下,在不同Mo Na/Mo厚度电极上制备CIGS薄膜电池,80 nm Mo Na厚度上的CIGS薄膜电池效率达6.54%。     

Research progress on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites for photo-applications

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have attracted significant attention of most researchers in recently years, which is ascribed to the superior photoelectric properties, such as the suitable band gaps for harvesting sunlight, and exhibit high optical adsorption, high charge-carrier lifetimes and long diffusion lengths. The photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and photocatalysts represent the remarkable applications for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials. Herein, we review the recent progress of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and photocatalysts. The challenges and outlook for the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and photocatalysts are considered.