石蜡/膨胀石墨/石墨烯复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

以石蜡(PA)作为相变储热材料、 膨胀石墨(EG)作为主导热材料和支撑材料, 石墨烯气凝胶(GA)作为导热增强材料和辅支撑材料制备了PA/EG/GA复合相变材料, 研究了GA添加量对复合相变材料相变温度、 相变潜热、 导热性能以及循环稳定性的影响. 结果表明, 所制备的80%PA-17%EG-3%GA复合相变材料导热性能良好, 循环稳定性出色. 与80%PA-20%EG复合材料相比, 该材料的相变温度、 相变潜热以及循环稳定性无明显变化, 但导热系数由4.089 W/(m·K)提升到了5.336 W/(m·K), 显示出良好的应用前景.     

石蜡相变微胶囊的制备与表征

采用复乳交联法制备了以相变石蜡为芯材、壳聚糖为壁材的新型储能相变微胶囊。 此相变微胶囊具有很高的相变焓值（可达110 J/g以上）,并且可以根据具体需要改变芯材的温度;TGA研究表明,该相变微胶囊具有很好的热稳定性,在150 ℃以下可以稳定存在;由于壳材料进行了化学交联反应,使得该相变微胶囊具有很好溶剂稳定性,可以在水、乙醇和乙醚等常见溶剂中稳定存在。     

Synthesis and thermal energy storage properties of a calcium-based room temperature phase change material for energy storage

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In order to obtain a low-cost, high latent heat and thermostable phase change material with a phase change temperature between 18 and...     

Synthesis and thermal energy storage properties of the polyurethane solid–solid phase change materials with a novel tetrahydroxy compound

Based on the phase change theory, a novel tetrahydroxy compound (THCD) was designed and prepared. Depending on the spatial structure of the tetrahydroxy compound, a form-stable thermoplastic polyurethane solid–solid phase change material (TPUPCM) was synthesized via employing PEG as soft segments, while multi-benzene ring structure made by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and tetrahydroxy compound as hard segments. The composition and structure of THCD and TPUPCM, the TPUPCM’s the weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight, dissolving and melting abilities, phase change behaviors, thermal performances and crystalline morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, multiangle laser light scattering apparatus, differential scanning calorimentry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetry analysis system, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscopy. The results show that the solid–solid phase change material owns excellent phase change properties and a broad processing temperature range. The heating cycle phase change enthalpy is 137.4 J/g, and the cooling cycle phase change enthalpy is 127.6 J/g. The started decomposition temperature and the maximum decomposition temperature are at 323.5 and 396.2 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the solid–solid phase change material is dissolvable, meltable and can be processed directly, and has great potential applications in thermal energy storage.     

二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯及其聚合物的制备和表征简

以二乙二醇十八烷基醚和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料,采用醇钠-酰氯法合成了二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯(DEGOEMA),并利用自由基聚合得到聚(二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯)(PDEGOEMA). 采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析测试了PDEGOEMA的分子量和分子量分布. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)对DEGOEMA和PDEGOEMA的结构、相变行为、热稳定性和晶体结构进行了研究. 结果表明,这种新型单体及其聚合物是一种具有稳定的结构、良好的结晶性能、高相变焓及良好热稳定性的相变材料. PDEGOEMA的起始吸热温度为41 ℃,起始放热温度为36 ℃,热焓为73 J/g,在314 ℃以下热稳定性良好,可用于加工或使用温度较高的环境.     

二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯及其聚合物的制备和表征

以二乙二醇十八烷基醚和甲基丙烯酰氯为原料, 采用醇钠-酰氯法合成了二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯(DEGOEMA), 并利用自由基聚合得到聚(二乙二醇十八烷基醚单甲基丙烯酸酯)(PDEGOEMA). 采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析测试了PDEGOEMA的分子量和分子量分布. 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、 差示扫描量热(DSC)、 热重(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)对DEGOEMA和PDEGOEMA的结构、 相变行为、 热稳定性和晶体结构进行了研究. 结果表明, 这种新型单体及其聚合物是一种具有稳定的结构、 良好的结晶性能、 高相变焓及良好热稳定性的相变材料. PDEGOEMA的起始吸热温度为41 ℃, 起始放热温度为36 ℃, 热焓为73 J/g, 在314 ℃以下热稳定性良好, 可用于加工或使用温度较高的环境.     

Calibration of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for thermal properties analysis of phase change material

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Phase change material (PCM) selection for particular applications mainly depends on its phase change temperature and latent heat, which were commonly...     

Thermal energy storage properties and thermal reliability of PEG/bone char composite as a form-stable phase change material

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Bone char (BC) is a promising porous material that can be used for preparing a form-stable composite phase change material (PCM). In this paper,...     

水性聚氨酯相变储能材料的相变机理

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯-1,4-丁二醇-二羟甲基丙酸(HDI-BDO-DMPA)为硬段,制备了一系列水性聚氨酯相变储能材料(WPUPCM)。在相变过程中,由于软段PEG由聚合前的固-液相变转化为聚合后的固-固相变,因此,所制备的WPUPCM表现出固-固相变特性。为了研究其固态相变行为的本质和形成机理,揭示该类聚合物的能量贮存和转换机理,应用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析研究了PEG、WPUPCM在相变过程中的晶体结构变化特征,讨论了WPUPCM固-固相转变的机理。     

Co/C微波吸收性能及Co/C-聚氨酯相变复合材料的微波-热转换性能

通过热解金属有机骨架ZIF-67的方法成功制备了具有优异微波吸收性能的Co/C碳基复合材料。 在600 ℃热解温度下获得的吸收剂质量分数为35% 的样品,最小反射损耗可达到-54.30 dB,其厚度仅为1.75 mm。 通过分析样品的损耗能力和阻抗匹配等微波吸收特性,发现复合材料中的骨架结构等对其阻抗匹配性能有非常大的影响。 并通过原位复合的方法制备了分散均匀的Co/C-PU相变复合材料,初步研究了其微波-热转换性能。 实验表明,微波吸收剂的添加量对其微波-热转换性能影响显著,发热效率随添加量成倍升高。 本文研究的Co/C-PU相变复合材料在电磁屏蔽、雷达红外兼容隐身等方面具有很大的应用潜力。 此外,固固相变材料结合微波热效应的快速高效等特点,用于储能或者其他热应用也有独特的优势。     

改性氧化石墨烯稳定Pickering乳液法制备高导热相变整体材料

采用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)改性氧化石墨烯(GO), 并用其稳定Pickering高内相乳液, 一步成型制得高导热氧化石墨烯/石蜡复合整体相变材料. 通过SI-ATRP方法, 在氧化石墨烯表面引入分子刷, 提高GO的分散性, 实现了低GO含量下优异的导热强化效果. 当GO添加量仅为相变复合材料整体的0.4%(质量分数)时, 其热导率(3.968 W?m^-1?K^-1)比纯石蜡的热导率(0.608 W?m^-1?K^-1)有较大提升. 通过测试发现, 在1000次循环后相变材料的泄漏率仅为1.1%~1.3%, 表现出良好的形状稳定性和热可靠性. 制备的新型形状稳定相变材料在温控、 储能应用中具有潜在的用途.     

Phase behaviour of SMA/PMMA blends: the influence of processing at low and high deformation rates

The influence of processing parameters (deformations) on SMA/PMMA blend phase behaviour is studied. It is found that injection moulding does change polymer blend phase behaviour. Phase separation kinetics are important to understand the injection moulding experiments and the kinetics are probably influenced by the deformations caused by the injection moulding proces. Capillary flow causes a complex change of polymer blend phase behaviour showing both deformation induced mixing and redemixing. Short capillaries, causing almost only uniaxial elongation in combination with pressure, cause no change to polymer blend phase behaviour. This is probably due to the short time the deformation is imposed to the material: it is expected that elongation is a main parameter causing changes in polymer blend phase behaviour. Parallel plate rheometer experiments show that applying only shear causes a complex change of phase behaviour showing both shear induced mixing and redemixing.     

活性炭/有机质复合相变材料的热-电性能

用活性炭(AC)作为支撑材料,石蜡(PW)、十六酸(PA)和硬脂酸(SA)作为相变主材,通过熔融共混法制备AC/PW、AC/PA和AC/SA复合相变材料,并考察了其热-电性能。结果表明,添加活性炭时有机质均不会泄漏;复合材料充-放热过程中温度场分布都比较均匀,热循环会使材料导热性能略有下降;此外,三种复合材料的电阻率均随压力增加而减小。     

Computational study of a latent heat thermal energy storage system enhanced by highly conductive metal foams and heat pipes

Numerical simulations are performed to analyze the thermal characteristics of a latent heat thermal energy storage system with phase change material embedded in highly conductive porous media. A network of finned heat pipes is also employed to enhance the heat transfer within the system. ANSYS-FLUENT 19.0 is used to create a transient multiphase computational model to simulate the thermal behavior of the storage unit. Copper foam is the porous medium used to enhance the heat transfer and is impregnated with the phase change material, potassium nitrate (KNO₃). The effects of the porosity of the metal foam and the quantity of heat pipes on the thermal characteristics of storage unit have been investigated. The results indicated that increasing the quantity of the embedded heat pipes leads to drastic acceleration of both charging and discharging process. Impregnating the copper foam with potassium nitrate phase change material significantly affects the total charging and discharging times of the storage unit. It was shown that the porosity of the metal foam plays a key role in the thermal behavior of the system during the charging and discharging processes.

     

Preparation and thermophysical properties of a novel form-stable CaCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>·6H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O/sepiolite composite phase change material for latent heat storage

In this work, CaCl₂·6H₂O/sepiolite was successfully designed and synthesized as a novel form-stable composite phase change material by vacuum impregnation method, using sepiolite as a sustainer and CaCl₂·6H₂O as phase change material. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements display that CaCl₂·6H₂O is filled into the porous structure of sepiolite by physical interactions. Phase transformation behavior and thermal stability were revealed from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Results show that the melting enthalpy of the composite phase change material containing 70% CaCl₂·6H₂O can achieve 87.9 J g^?1, and the composite PCM has a good thermal stability in the temperature range from 25 to 100 °C. Meanwhile, the crystal structure of CaCl₂·6H₂O is maintained in the porous structure of sepiolite observed by X-ray diffraction. It means that sepiolite reduces the super-cooling of CaCl₂·6H₂O which ensures the good phase change behavior of the composites. These results exhibit that the CaCl₂·6H₂O/sepiolite composite phase change material possesses high latent heat. Moreover, low cost of the sepiolite enables the composites to be a good candidate for latent heat storage.     

单分散聚合物微球稳定Pickering乳液法制备大粒径微胶囊相变材料

采用二步加料的分散聚合法制备单分散聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)微球, 并使其水解, 得到水包油(O/W)型Pickering乳液稳定剂. 在Pickering乳液聚合过程中, 利用相分离机制, 形成了聚苯乙烯(PSt)和 PGMA复合为整体囊壳的微胶囊相变材料. 微胶囊平均粒径达76 μm, 囊芯含量高达83%, 相变焓达到174 J/g, 具有很高的储热容量.     

Synthesis of the polyethylene glycol solid-solid phase change materials with a functionalized graphene oxide for thermal energy storage

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a phase change material possesses three obstacles, such as leakage, low thermal conductivity and low thermal stability. A novel solid-solid phase change material (PCM) based on functionalized graphene oxide (GO), Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was prepared, and the three obstacles of PEG as a PCM was solved in one and the same material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) were used to study the properties of supporting material and composite PCM (CPCM). The results indicated that the PEG was grafted on the surface of the supporting material; Compared with pure PEG, the latent heat of CPCM with 9.6 wt% supporting material decreased only 5.3%, however, the thermal conductivity of CPCM increased 111% and the heat peak release rate of CPCM decreased 33.4%.     

煤基碳泡沫/聚氨酯相变复合材料的制备及储热性能

以煤基碳泡沫(CCF)作为骨架材料来封装改性固-固相变材料聚氨酯(PU),并实现其功能化应用。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(PXRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪、热重分析仪(TGA)、差示扫描量热(DSC)分析仪、热导测试仪对所得到的复合材料(PU@CCF)进行结构和特性表征。结果显示,聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)与异氰酸酯(HDI)反应制备聚氨酯的最优摩尔比例为1:2,煤基碳泡沫可以很好地阻止聚氨酯从复合材料中泄露出来。相较于聚乙二醇,复合材料的导热率上升了54%,经过200次热循环,复合材料保持了良好的稳定性,而且其相变主体材料PU的过冷度降低了10℃以上。基于碳泡沫骨架良好的导电性,加载高于0.8V的低电压就可实现聚氨酯电热相变储能,在1.1V电压驱动下,其电热转换效率可达75%。该工作是目前报道的最低电压下可实现电热相变转换的复合功能材料,为实现低成本相变复合材料的制备与功能化提供重要参考。     

石蜡/碱改性硅藻土/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

通过碱处理,优化了硅藻土(DIA)的孔隙结构,提高了孔隙率,增加了石蜡(paraffin)负载量。通过直接浸渍法制备了新型性状稳定的石蜡/碱改性DIA/膨胀石墨(EG-alDIAP)复合材料,并研究了其结构与性能的关系。结果表明,复合相变材料的石蜡负载量从47.4%提高到了61.1%,进而提高了复合材料的储热性能;向改性DIA中添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合材料的传热能力,添加质量分数10%EG时导热系数提高了113%(从0.276 W·m^-1·K^-1提高到了0.589 W·m^-1·K^-1)。随着EG含量的升高,复合相变材料的相变潜热有所增加,但化学相容性、稳定性等无明显变化。含10%EG的石蜡/碱改性DIA复合材料具有可靠的储能性能、良好的温度调节性能和蓄放热能力。     

石蜡/碱改性硅藻土/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

通过碱处理,优化了硅藻土(DIA)的孔隙结构,提高了孔隙率,增加了石蜡(paraffin)负载量。通过直接浸渍法制备了新型性状稳定的石蜡/碱改性DIA/膨胀石墨(EG-alDIAP)复合材料,并研究了其结构与性能的关系。结果表明,复合相变材料的石蜡负载量从47.4%提高到了61.1%,进而提高了复合材料的储热性能;向改性DIA中添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合材料的传热能力,添加质量分数10%EG时导热系数提高了113%(从0.276 W·m^-1·K^-1提高到了0.589 W·m^-1·K^-1)。随着EG含量的升高,复合相变材料的相变潜热有所增加,但化学相容性、稳定性等无明显变化。含 10%EG的石蜡/碱改性 DIA复合材料具有可靠的储能性能、良好的温度调节性能和蓄放热能力。