Scattering of a plane wave from a periodic random surface: a probabilistic approach

This paper deals with a probabilistic formulation of the wave scattering from a periodic random surface. When a plane wave is incident on a random surface described by a periodic stationary stochastic process, it is shown by a group-theoretic consideration that the scattered wave may have a stochastic Floquet form, i.e. a product of a periodic stationary random function and an exponential phase factor. Such a periodic stationary random function is then written by a harmonic series representation similar to a Fourier series, where Fourier coefficients are mutually correlated stationary processes instead of constants. The mutually correlated stationary processes are represented by Wiener - Hermite functional series with unknown coefficient functions called Wiener kernels. In case of a slightly rough surface and TE wave incidence, low-order Wiener kernels are determined from the boundary condition. Several statistical properties of the scattering are calculated and illustrated in figures.     

水下圆柱壳结构表面振速插值方法及其辐射声场预测

提出一种圆柱壳表面速度的全局插值算法,表面速度函数周向采用Fourier级数、轴向采用分段Lagrange函数表示,利用圆柱壳结构表面有限位置处的测量数据,计算得到速度函数的级数展开式系数,然后对表面其它位置处的振速进行插值,避免了传统的局部插值和离散产生的误差。数值算例验证了该插值方法能通过有限点位置处的数据,获取连续光滑的表面速度分布,并能满足圆柱壳辐射声场预测的需求。进而,在实验条件下,使用该插值方法对双层圆柱壳水下辐射声场进行了预测,实验结果表明通过该插值方法得到壳体表面速度分布,利用快速边界元方法计算得到的预测声场与实测声场有很好的一致性,验证了该插值方法在圆柱壳辐射声场预测中的正确性和工程适用性。     

The physical interaction of gases with crystalline solids: I. Gas-solid energies and properties of isolated adsorbed atoms

It is shown that the potential energy of a gas atom interacting with a solid having a surface made up of single type of exposed lattice plane can be expressed as a Fourier series in the position variables in the plane parallel to the surface. Assuming that the total interaction is a pair-wise sum of gas atom-solid atom terms, an analytic expression for the Fourier coefficients is obtained for inverse power law interactions that is a generalization of an earlier result of Hove and Krumhansl. Gas-solid potentials calculated for several surface lattices by direct summation are compared with those given by the truncated Fourier series, and it is concluded that a satisfactory representation of the energy is obtained even when the number of terms included is small. The truncated series is then utilized to calculate Henry's Law adsorption constants and average energies for an isolated adsorbed atom. These results are compared with calculations based on completely localized and perfectly mobile adsorption models.     

An Efficient Semi-Analytical Method to Compute Displacements and Stresses in an Elastic Half-Space with a Hemispherical Pit

This paper presents an efficient method to calculate the displacement and stress fields in an isotropic elastic half-space having a hemispherical pit and being subject to gravity. The method is semi-analytical and takes advantage of the axisymmetry of the problem. The Boussinesq potentials are used to obtain an analytical solution in series form, which satisfies the equilibrium equations of elastostatics, traction-free boundary conditions on the infinite plane surface and decaying conditions at infinity. The boundary conditions on the free surface of the pit are then imposed numerically, by minimising a quadratic functional of surface elastic energy. The minimisation yields a symmetric and positive definite linear system of equations for the coefficients of the series, whose particular block structure allows its solution in an efficient and robust way. The convergence of the series is verified and the obtained semi-analytical solution is then evaluated, providing numerical results. The method is validated by comparing the semi-analytical solution with the numerical results obtained using a commercial finite element software.     

A Hybrid Technique Combining FDTD and Series Solution for Near-to-Far-Field Transformation

A new near-to-far-field transformation that combines the FDTD and the series solution is presented. In this method, near-field data is calculated by FDTD and far-field data is also expressed by series solution. The boundary condition is applied to a virtual surface, which encloses arbitrarily shaped scatterers. In order to verify this method, scattering patterns from this transformation are compared with scattering patterns from exact solution. Numerical results show that errors in the far-field data from this method is less than surface equivalence theorem. Thus, this method is valid for obtaining the far-field data.     

Application of the nonlinear time series prediction method of genetic algorithm for forecasting surface wind of point station in the South China Sea with scatterometer observations

The present work reports the development of nonlinear time series prediction method of genetic algorithm(GA) with singular spectrum analysis(SSA) for forecasting the surface wind of a point station in the South China Sea(SCS) with scatterometer observations.Before the nonlinear technique GA is used for forecasting the time series of surface wind,the SSA is applied to reduce the noise.The surface wind speed and surface wind components from scatterometer observations at three locations in the SCS have been used to develop and test the technique.The predictions have been compared with persistence forecasts in terms of root mean square error.The predicted surface wind with GA and SSA made up to four days(longer for some point station) in advance have been found to be significantly superior to those made by persistence model.This method can serve as a cost-effective alternate prediction technique for forecasting surface wind of a point station in the SCS basin.     

带陡化间隙的触发真空开关触发源研制北大核心CSCD

针对主电极间距20mm以上的沿面击穿型多棒极触发真空开关(TVS),研制了开关触发源。触发源利用脉冲变压器产生脉冲高压输出,在脉冲变压器高压侧并联小容值电容并在电容后串联陡化间隙。陡化间隙的加入可以使触发源输出不受触发沿面金属蒸气沉积的影响。通过调节间隙击穿电压也可以提高电容充电电压及储存能量,从而增加TVS触发沿面被击穿时注入到其中的触发能量。使用该触发源对TVS进行导通实验,结果表明,加入陡化间隙后的触发源输出能量大幅提高且不受触发沿面金属蒸气沉积的影响,能够实现TVS的100%可靠导通。     

带陡化间隙的触发真空开关触发源研制

针对主电极间距20 mm以上的沿面击穿型多棒极触发真空开关（TVS）,研制了开关触发源。触发源利用脉冲变压器产生脉冲高压输出,在脉冲变压器高压侧并联小容值电容并在电容后串联陡化间隙。陡化间隙的加入可以使触发源输出不受触发沿面金属蒸气沉积的影响。通过调节间隙击穿电压也可以提高电容充电电压及储存能量,从而增加TVS触发沿面被击穿时注入到其中的触发能量。使用该触发源对TVS进行导通实验,结果表明,加入陡化间隙后的触发源输出能量大幅提高且不受触发沿面金属蒸气沉积的影响,能够实现TVS的100%可靠导通。     

径向剪切干涉图处理

提出一种径向剪切干涉图的处理方法,利用最小二乘法以一定义在单位圆上的完全正交的Zernike多项式系列来直接拟合波面。用这种方法可以得出波面函数,从而计算出波面上任一点的波差值。     

A new integral equation formulation for an axisymmetric structure

A new method is developed to compute the acoustic field outside an axisymmetric structure from the normal velocity values on the surface. Surface pressure and normal velocity are expanded in a series of functions that are orthonormal on the surface of the structure and have a constant ratio of pressure to normal derivative of pressure at vanishing frequency. The Helmholtz integral equation is next used to compute the field everywhere outside the structure. The method is tested by applying it to scattering from a rigid cylinder with hemispherical endcaps. The series is shown to converge very rapidly.     

Ion specificity and the theory of stability of colloidal suspensions

A theory is presented which allows us to accurately calculate the critical coagulation concentration of hydrophobic colloidal suspensions. For positively charged particles, the critical coagulation concentrations follow the Hofmeister (lyotropic) series. For negatively charged particles, the series is reversed. We find that strongly polarizable chaotropic anions are driven towards the colloidal surface by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. Within approximately one ionic radius from the surface, the chaotropic anions lose part of their hydration sheath and become strongly adsorbed. The kosmotropic anions, on the other hand, are repelled from the hydrophobic surface. The theory is quantitatively accurate without any adjustable parameters. We speculate that the same mechanism is responsible for the Hofmeister series that governs stability of protein solutions.     

Charge Transport and Magnetotransport Properties of Polyimide Irradiated by 80keV Co Ions

Charge transport properties of polyimide films implanted with 80 keV Co ions at two different fluences （series I： 1.25 × 10^17 ions/cm^2, series Ⅱ： 1.75 × 10^17 ions/cm^2） are studied in detail. For series I, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity fits Mott＇s equation very well. It is on the insulating side of the insulator-metal transition （IMT）. However, for series Ⅱ, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity is not in agreement with Mott＇s equation. It is on the metallic side of lMT. The magnetotransport properties of these two series are also studied. No significant magnetoresistive effect is observed for series I at both 5 K and 300 K. For series Ⅱ, an obvious magnetoresistive effect is observed at 5 K, while there is no magnetoresistive effect at 300 K. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry （RBS） is applied to confirm the actual fluence for these two series.     

Ultrafast interferometric measurements of plasmonic transport in photonic crystals

We present a novel time-domain experimental approach to the study of the dynamics of surface electromagnetic wave propagation in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. A surface plasmon polariton is launched by ultrafast laser pulses and propagates into a photonic crystal, the dynamics of which are measured by an interferometric cross-correlation method. Plasmon photonic stopgaps are characterized by a single measurement. The dispersion around the stopgaps is determined with a series of angle-resolved measurements.     

激光束在漫射表面上的散射——一种简化统计模型

对激光束投射在具有一维随机道痕(起伏量小于或约等于波长,相当于八级以上光洁度)的工件表面上的情况,导出散射光强分布与起伏大峰高度之间的关系,后者可用作光洁度定标尺度。采用的是较简明的统计模型,对其中涉及的变型的“无规则行走”问题的概率推算,采用一种近似简化而得到简明的公式。给出了计算结果并讨论了简便的测量装置。 关键词：     

New explanation for the brightness of electrodeposits produced by ultrasound

The literature published on the brightness of metals electrodeposited in ultrasonically-agitated solutions is discussed together with the two main theories which explain the formation of bright deposits. The effect of ultrasound on the surface of the deposits is shown in a series of photographs. The increased brightening effect of ultrasound is explained by the production of shock waves followed by cavitation erosion and the removal of lateral growth of the deposit on the cathode surface.     

On Chemisorption of Polymers to Solid Surfaces

The irreversible adsorption of polymers to a two-dimensional solid surface is studied. An operator formalism is introduced for chemisorption from a polydisperse solution of polymers which transforms the analysis of the adsorption process to a set of combinatorial problems on a two-dimensional lattice. The time evolution of the number of polymers attached and the surface area covered are calculated via a series expansion. The dependence of the final coverage on the parameters of the model (i.e. the parameters of the distribution of polymer lengths in the solution) is studied. Various methods for accelerating the convergence of the resulting infinite series are considered. To demonstrate the accuracy of the truncated series approach, the series expansion results are compared with the results of stochastic simulation.     

HF ground wave propagation over a curved rough sea surface

For a vertically polarized line source, in the context of HF (3–30?MHz) ground wave propagation over a curved rough sea surface, this paper presents different asymptotic and rigorous methods to compute the attenuation function. When the Earth's curvature is taken into account, the attenuation function is expressed as a series, in which the roots of a differential equation, depending on the Airy function, must be calculated. In addition, from Taylor series expansions, different closed-form expressions can be obtained. For a smooth sea surface, the purpose of this paper is to compare these different formulations with fast rigorous numerical methods, such as the BMIA-CAG (Banded-Matrix-Iterative Approach CAnonical-Grid) and FB-SA (Forward-Backward Spectral-Acceleration) methods, based on the method of moments and originally developed for rough surfaces. These methods are especially efficient to solve a problem with huge unknowns, which is required to predict the ground wave propagation over a long surface. In addition, from a partial fraction expansion of the attenuation function in the Laplace domain, the Bremmer asymptotic expansion is extended to any order by including the surface roughness.     

一种半导体表面上微粒缺陷散射场的计算方法

本文通过分析半导体表面上微粒缺陷散射场的光波传播规律,建立了表面上微粒缺陷场的传输模型和数学模型,使定量计算表面上微粒缺陷的散射场成为可能。进一步将入射场和散射场都表达成球矢量波函数的形式,并考虑表面的二次散射作用,用T矩阵将入射场和散射场的展开项系数连系起来。从而得到散射场与入射场之间的一系列定量表达式,并给出计算结果。     

Particle transport by standing waves on an electric curtain

Discrete-element simulations are performed to study particle transport by standing waves on an electric curtain. An electric curtain consists of a series of parallel electrodes with oscillating potential field embedded in a dielectric surface. The study shows that particles can be transported in two different modes under excitation by standing waves. In the first mode, particles roll along the surface in a constant direction with average velocity equal to the wave speed. In the second mode, particles hop along the surface in a manner akin to a Brownian motion. Effect of particle collisions on these transport modes is evaluated.     

Effect of mercerization of flax fibers on wheat flour/flax fiber biocomposite with respect to thermal and tensile properties

New composites materials, 100% ecofriendly based on modified wheat flour as matrix and flax fiber as fillers have been obtained by means of an extrusion process. The wheat flour matrix contains non-toxic plasticizers and is mixed well with natural fibers. One sample series without specific fiber surface treatment and a second series with a mercerization surface treatment have been prepared. The content of fillers varies from 0% w/w to 20% w/w. In this work the performances of these new composites in term of thermal stability, mechanical behaviours are compared and discussed in regard to the fiber treatment efficiency and composition. We observe an interesting behaviour: the efficiency is found the best for a fiber composition close to 10% w/w.