Ar原子序列双光双电离产生光电子角分布的理论计算

基于多组态Dirc-Fock方法和密度矩阵理论,给出了原子序列双光双电离光电子角分布的计算表达式,发展了相应的计算程序.利用该程序对Ar原子3p壳层序列双光双电离过程进行了理论研究,给出了光电离的总截面、磁截面、剩余离子取向以及光电子角分布的各向异性参数与入射光子能量的函数关系.结果显示在光电离截面的Cooper极小位置附近取向参数出现极大值,而光电子角分布的各向异性参数在该位置附近出现极小值.进一步给出了33.94和55.34 eV光子能量下序列双光双电离过程中第一步的Ar原子和第二步的Ar^+离子3p壳层光电子角分布,分析了序列双光双电离光电子角分布与单光电离光电子角分布的差异.将计算结果与文献已有的数据进行了比较,具有很好的一致性.本文的研究结果对揭示光与物质相互作用的非线性动力学机制具有重要的参考价值.     

超热电子角分布和能谱的实验研究

对超短超强脉冲激光与固体薄膜靶相互作用产生的超热电子的空间分布和能谱特性进行了研究. 结果表明，超热电子的角分布和能谱均表现出各向异性. 分析认为这主要与超热电子产生的机制有关. 能谱的各向异性解释了目前各研究小组在相同的激光功率密度下，得到的超热电子温度却有很大差别的现象. 关键词： 飞秒激光 等离子体 能谱 角分布 各向异性     

Eu原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns自电离衰变分支比和弹射电子角分布

首先运用孤立实激发技术将Eu原子从基态4f~76s~(28)S_(7/2)经中间态4f~76s6p共振激发到4f~76sns Rydberg态,然后再将其进一步激发至4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态.其次,采用速度影像技术对Eu原子自电离弹射出的电子进行探测,以便来研究自电离衰变分支比和弹射电子角分布.在研究自电离衰变分支比时,重点讨论了粒子数反转的可能性,并依据此现象可为实现自电离激光器提供有价值的信息.另外,还探讨了各向异性参数对弹射电子角分布的影响;以及在Eu原子不同自电离几率位置处,讨论了弹射电子角分布形状的变化情况.     

New energy levels and transitions for the 4s4p5p configuration in Kr VI

The spectrum of five-time ionized krypton, Kr VI, was recorded in the 240-2600 Å wavelength range, resulting in 61 new classified lines as transitions between levels of configurations 4p³, 4s²5p, 4s4p4d, 4s4p5s and 4s4p5p. All the 18 energy levels belonging to 4s4p5p configuration except one were determined. Eight new energy level values corresponding to configurations 4s4p4f and 4p24d, supported by 26 new classified lines were also determined and used in the interpretation of the observed 4s4p5p configuration. The experimental data were obtained from a capillary-discharge tube and theta pinch light sources. Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations with relativistic corrections and a least-squares fitted parametric calculation has been carried out.     

The angular distribution of the 3p electrons and the partial cross section of the 3s electrons of argon from threshold to 70 eV

The angular distribution parameter β has been measured for the argon 3p electrons in the energy range 0–70 eV above threshold using a synchrotron light source. The absolute photoionization cross section of argon 3s electrons has also been determined in the 0–60 eV region above threshold. Both sets of data are compared with recent theoretical calculations which include electron correlation effects.     

The effect of multiple electron-electron scattering on the energy distribution of electrons in a correlated pair

A unit event of electron-electron scattering in LiF layers is studied by correlation spectroscopy of scattered electrons. The energy distribution of electrons in a correlated pair when a 15-to 55-eV free electron is scattered by a valence electron of LiF is studied. It is shown that single electron-electron scattering prevails and the distribution is uniform when the energy of the primary electron is below 25 eV. As the energy of the primary electron increases, the formation of correlated pairs of electrons with equal energies becomes the most probable. With the energy of the primary electron above 40 eV, the pairs with substantially different electron energies dominate. Such evolution of the energy distribution of the electrons in the pair stems from the fact that first one and then the other electron of the pair successively takes part in electron-electron scattering. A phenomenological model for the single scattering and double scattering of primary electrons in LiF films is considered. Results obtained indicate that the strengths of single scattering and double scattering channels become comparable at electron energies above 25 eV.     

The influence of inner shells upon the angular distribution of Kr 4p-photoelectrons

The influence of inner shells upon the anisotropy parameter of the 4p-photoelectrons angular distribution in Kr is investigated in the frame of the random phase approximation with exchange (RPAE). The comparison with experimental data and other calculations demonstrates an essential role of intershell correlations, the account of which allows to achieve a satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental data.     

Influence of nondipolar effects on the photoelectron angular distribution upon photoionization of 2p and 3d atomic shells

Relativistic calculations of the angular distribution of photoelectrons upon photoionization of 2p and 3d shells in the range of photoelectron energies from 1 to 10 keV are carried out for unpolarized and linearly polarized radiation. An exact expression for the angular distribution of photoelectrons that takes into account nondipolar terms of the order of O[(kr)²] (k is the photon energy and r is the radius of the ionized shell) is obtained in the case of unpolarized radiation. It is shown that the contribution of the O[(kr)²] terms to the differential cross section can be considerable, reaching 24% at the maximum energy considered. Accounting for such terms in the calculation of the ratio of differential cross sections, which is experimentally measured at a certain geometry of angles in the case of linearly polarized radiation, can change this ratio twofold. The parameters of the angular distribution, which are necessary for the conduction of a quantitative x-ray photoelectron analysis, are given for the 2p _1/2 and 2p _3/2 shells of elements with 11≤Z≤29 and for the 3d _3/2 and 3d _5/2 shells of elements with 30≤Z≤54.     

光电子能量角度分布和空间电荷效应对变像管条纹相机的影响

基于飞秒条纹相机系统和飞秒电子衍射系统设计需求,通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究了在阴栅加速区光电子能量、角度分布和空间电荷效应对光电子时间弥散和能量弥散的影响。确定了紫外和软X射线波段入射光电阴极时,光电子六种初始能量分布的时间弥散精确值。分析了光电子发射电流密度、加速电场和时间弥散的关系。发现了电子脉冲在加速区轴向速度的线性啁啾、能量弥散变化和在自由区不相同。     

光电子能量角度分布和空间电荷效应对变像管条纹相机的影响

基于飞秒条纹相机系统和飞秒电子衍射系统设计需求,通过蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究了在阴栅加速区光电子能量、角度分布和空间电荷效应对光电子时间弥散和能量弥散的影响。确定了紫外和软X射线波段入射光电阴极时,光电子六种初始能量分布的时间弥散精确值。分析了光电子发射电流密度、加速电场和时间弥散的关系。发现了电子脉冲在加速区轴向速度的线性啁啾、能量弥散变化和在自由区不相同。     

弹上激光接收机的光谱响应特性检测研究

检测该系统能采集和分析相关测试数据,能显示、保存和打印最终测试结果。由于使用了选进的编程开发软件和虚拟仪器技术,使系统能成为检测激光接收器光谱参数的测试系统。测试结果证明,这种方法实用、方便,测量精度高。     

Calculation of the asymmetry parameters of the angular distribution and of the spin polarization of Auger electrons for open-shell atoms

By means of the multichannel Hartree-Fock-Dirac method, the parameters β and α₂ of the angular distribution of Auger electrons and the parameter β₂ of their spin polarization are calculated for sodium, krypton, xenon, barium, mercury, and excited argon. Relevant Coulomb matrix elements are determined by using orthogonal multielectron initial-and final-state wave functions for intermediate-type coupling in a relativistic approximation. Exchange interaction is taken into account in all calculations. A comparison of the results of calculations performed in the frozen-core approximation and those obtained with orthogonal initial-and final-state wave functions reveals that the relaxation of core orbital processes has only a slight effect on the anisotropy parameters of the angular distribution. The resulting values of the parameters β, α₂, and β₂ are compared with the results of different calculations.     

Angular and energy dependences of the surface excitation parameter for electrons crossing a solid surface

When fast electrons cross a solid surface, surface plasmons may be generated. Surface plasmon excitations induced by electrons moving in the vacuum are generally characterized by the surface excitation parameter. This parameter was calculated for 200-1000 eV electrons crossing the surfaces of Au, Cu, Ag, Fe, Si, Ni, Pd, MgO and SiO₂ with various crossing angles. Such calculations were performed based on the dielectric response theory for both incident (from vacuum to solid) and escaping (from solid to vacuum) electrons. Calculated results showed that the surface excitation parameter increased with crossing angle but decreased with electron energy. This was due to the longer time for electron-surface interaction by glancing incident or escaping electrons and by slow moving electrons. The results were fitted very well to a simple formula, i.e. , where P_s is the surface excitation parameter, E is the electron energy, α is the angle between the electron trajectory and the surface normal, and a, b and c are material dependent constants.     

The photoelectron angular-distribution β parameter in the region of the 3s-1 4p resonance in Ar

The asymmetry parameter of the 3p photoelectrons in the region of the 3s^-1 4p resonance in argon is calculated. It is demonstrated that going beyond the random phase approximation frame by inclusion of the “two-electron—two-hole” excitation gives results which are in good agreement with experiment.     

Total absorption and the energy dependence of the partial oscillator strengths for “photoionization” of the valence orbitals of H2O using an electron-electron coincidence method

Partial oscillator strengths (β dependent), from threshold to 49 eV, for the ionisation of 1b₁, 2a₁, 1b₂, 1a₁ electrons from the valence shell of water vapour have been determined using fast (3.5 keV) electron impact with coincidence detection of the scattered and ejected electrons. The total oscillator strength (photoabsorption) was determined from the forward scattered electron intensity and placed on an absolute basis by normalisation to a total f value of 8 for the valence shell.     

On the energy distribution and angular distribution of sputtered particles

Abstract

The influence of the anisotropy of the momentum recoil density of collision cascades in solids on the energy and angular distribution of sputtered particles is considered. Various sputtering mechanisms are discussed. For some of those mechanisms this anisotropy leads to deviations from a ε^?2 asymptotic form in the energy distribution and to an asymmetry in the angular distribution as a function of the angle of incidence of the projectile.     

(e,2e) and (e,3-1e) coincidence experiments for studying the PCI effect of low energy ionizing electrons in the Auger process of Ar

Our (e,3-1e) measurements for studying the post-collision interaction (PCI) after electron impact inner shell ionization of argon were continued and completed at different energy conditions. Emitted LMM Auger electrons are detected in coincidence with the ionizing scattered electrons and the energy of the slow PCI inducer ejected electron was calculated from energy conservation. Particularly the effect of the very low energy (i.e. 0–5 eV) ejected electrons (strongly asymmetric energy sharing) is studied at 500 and 460 eV primary electron energies. In the latter case, the background caused by outer-shell electrons was measured by itself and then removed from the coincident spectrum. Nevertheless, the evaluation of PCI distorted Auger lines is still considerably disturbed by the resonant Auger electrons from the high Rydberg states, their (e,2e) contribution was estimated in the paper.     

Study of the angular distribution of Auger electrons for the N 3 O 1O4, 5 and L 3 M 1 M 4, 5 transitions in the Hg atom

The angular distribution of Auger electrons is considered. The results of numerical calculations of the anisotropy parameter of the angular distribution α₂ for the N ₃ O ₁ O _{4, 5} and L ₃ M ₁ M _{4, 5} transitions in the Hg atom are reported. The matrix elements were calculated by the Dirac-Fock method in the relativistic approximation using the intermediate-coupling scheme.     

Measurement of the energy distribution of bremsstrahlung using Compton scattering

The GEANT 4.9.2 software package is applied for the simulation of primary and Compton scattered bremsstrahlung spectra. The possibility of restoring primary γ-radiation spectra with the energy 0.02–1200 MeV using Compton scattering on secondary scattering targets is studied. The advantages of light targets using are demonstrated. An additional bremsstrahlung contribution from e^±-pairs is calculated for high-energy γ quanta; the influence of CXR on the form of scattered X-ray quantum spectra is estimated. The spectra which have a multipeak structure are restored. For high-energy γ quanta there occurs significant spread of energies in the Compton scattered radiation spectrum, which imposes stringent conditions on collimation and detector resolution capability. The possibility of measuring the bremsstrahlung spectra from a primary target during high-angle Compton scattering is estimated.