IR spectra of the optical constants of an industrial high-pressure polyethylene film

The IR spectra of the real n(ν) and imaginary κ(ν) parts of the complex refractive index of an industrial high-pressure polyethylene film are measured by the methods of transmission and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy in the range 700–750 cm^?1 taking into account the anisotropy and the structural inhomogeneity of the film over its thickness. It is proposed to use these spectra as the reference spectra for polyethylene films in the range around 720 cm^?1.     

Pre-resonant enhancement of the Raman scattering from KI:Tl+

E_g and T_2g spectra at room and nitrogen temperature at several laser wavelengths are reported for KI:Tl⁺. As resonance with Tl⁺ -absorption bands is approached the optic phonon parts of the spectra are enhanced relative to the acoustic phonon parts, and distortions occur within the acoustic and optic parts of the spectra. A model for the scattering is employed which involves electron-phonon coupling to nearest and nn neighbors. Exchange and crystal field contributions to the electron-phonon coupling are distinguished.     

Temporal and preparation effects in the magnetic nanoparticles of Apis mellifera body parts

Magnetic nanoparticles in the Apis mellifera abdomens are well accepted as involved in their magnetoreception mechanism. The effects of sample preparation on the time evolution of magnetic particles in the honeybee body parts (antennae, head, thorax and abdomen) were investigated by Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) at room temperature (RT), for about 100 days. Three preparations were tested: (a) washed with water (WT); (b) as (a), kept in glutaraldehyde 2.5% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for 24 h and washed with cacodylate buffer (C); (c) as (a), kept in glutaraldehyde 2.5% for 24 h and washed with glutaraldehyde 2.5% in cacodylate buffer (GLC). The four body parts of young and adult worker presented magnetic nanoparticles. The Mn²⁺ lines are observed except for the antennae spectra. The high field (HF) and low field (LF) components previously observed in the spectra of social insects, are confirmed in these spectra. The HF line is present in all spectra while the LF is easily observed in the spectra of the young bee and it appears as a baseline shift in spectra of some adult parts. The HF intensity of the abdomen is commonly one order of magnitude larger than any other body parts. This is the first systematic study on the conservation of magnetic material in all body parts of bees. The results show that the time evolution of the spectra depends on the body part, conserving solution and bee age. Further measurements are necessary to understand these effects and extend it to other social insects.     

全蝎不同部位的红外光谱分析与评价

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱及其二阶导数谱对动物药全蝎由表及里8个部位的药材粉末进行了分析与评价.结果表明,全蝎不同部位的红外光谱较为相似,而二阶导数红外光谱中峰位置和峰强度的差异明显.全蝎不同部位的分析结果进一步证明:蛋白质是每个部位的主体成分,但蝎尾的蛋白质与其他部位较为不同;脂肪类物质主要集中于躯干部分;硫酸粘多糖普遍...     

Self-consistent field method in various approximations: 'forgotten ideas'

A number of ideas and methods for theoretical studies of the structure and spectra of many-electron systems are considered. The main emphasis is on the self-consistent field method in various approximations: single- and multi-configuration approaches, analytical and numerical radial wavefunctions, and general methods of calculation of spin-angular parts of various matrix elements. The importance is stressed of the use of the second quantization and quasispin technique in coupled tensorial form.     

野生食用蕈菌不同部位的红外光谱研究

测试了野生食用蕈菌子实体不同部位的傅里叶变换红外光谱。结果显示,同一蕈菌的菌盖皮、菌褶、菌盖肉、菌柄的红外光谱显示差异,红菇科红菇属的青头菌、大红菇的菌盖皮与其他部位的光谱有较大差异;鹅膏科鸡 菌的菌褶与其它部位的光谱有明显区别。表明蘑菇同一子实体不同部位的化学组成有差异。通过蘑菇不同部位的红外光谱有可能区分不同种类的蘑菇。     

Transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect of Fe at the 2p excitation threshold

The transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) was investigated for thin epitaxial Fe films grown on Ag(0 0 1) in the region of the 2p excitation threshold. The experimental reflectivity and asymmetry spectra are compared to those derived from the complex dielectric function tensor calculated by using the first-principles spin-polarized relativistic band theory. We found that the T-MOKE asymmetry in general is a mixture of both the real and imaginary parts of the off-diagonal element of the dielectric function tensor, depending sensitively on the relative magnitudes of real and imaginary parts of the diagonal element. For angles of incidence larger than about 5° the influence of the Ag-substrate is significant. The major features in experimental and calculated reflectivity and asymmetry spectra are in agreement.     

Unified analysis of diffusion and relaxation processes in amorphous metallic alloys

Abstract

Self-diffusion data on amorphous metallic alloys determined in long-time radio-tracer experiments and activation-enthalpy spectra deduced from short-time structural relaxation studies on such materials are reviewed and analyzed in terms of current random transition rate models. It is shown that the seeming discrepancy between the self-diffusion enthalpies and the comparatively small enthalpies obtained from measurements of the magnetic after-effect arises from the existence of activation-enthalpy spectra. Whereas the short-time experiments reveal the small-activation-enthalpy parts of these spectra, the long-time self-diffusion experiments are controlled by the larger activation enthalpies. Assuming that the activation-enthalpy distributions are Gaussian, their characteristic parameters have been determined by comparing the two types of measurements. It is shown that the Arrhenius-type diffusion coefficients found by experiment are compatible with half-widths of the activation-enthalpy spectra of about 0.3 eV. Based on an analysis of the pre-exponential factors and other typical properties of the diffusion coefficients, potential mechanisms of the diffusion in amorphous alloys are proposed.     

The 208Pb(n,p)208Tl reaction at En = 97 MeV

Double-differential cross sections of the ²⁰⁸Pb(n,p) reaction have been measured at 97 MeV in the angular range 0°–30° for excitation energies up to 40 MeV. The experimental proton spectra have been compared with calculated spectra obtained with a statistical multistep direct reaction theory, in which charge exchange and inelastic response functions are described microscopically in the quasiparticle random phase approximation. The direct parts of the spectra have also been distributed on different multipole components by using a decomposition technique, based on sample angular distributions calculated within the distorted-wave Born approximation.     

丹参不同部位的红外光谱法分析

首次采用红外光谱三级鉴定法对丹参不同部位的药材粉末及其水提物和醇提物进行了分析与评价研究。结果表明, 一维图谱中, 丹参花与根的相似系数最高, 为0.9123 ; 叶在1650～1611 cm- 1的特征峰峰高明显高于其他部位; 二阶导数谱中, 1160~1000 cm-1范围内吸收峰的峰形、相对峰强有所差异, 不同部位水提物和醇提物的分析结果进一步明确了丹参根、茎、叶、花存在差异; 二维相关光谱中, 茎与叶、根与花的二维相关谱图仍较为相似, 印证一维及二阶导数谱结论。     

归头和归尾二维相关红外光谱法的鉴别研究

采用红外光谱法 (FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy ,FTIR)并结合二维相关 (Two dimensionalcorrelationspectroscopy)分析技术分析鉴别了来自甘肃岷县的两批当归药材各自的归头和归尾。尽管归头和归尾属于同种药材的不同药用部位 ,在红外的一维谱图上较为相似 ,但由于氨基酸和挥发油在当归的根头部分和归尾部分的分布不均一而引起二维相关红外谱的不同而可方便的加以区分鉴别。该法快速、准确 ,为客观评价中药材提供了一种新的方法和手段     

Soft X‐ray refractive index by reconciling total electron yield with specular reflection: experimental determination of the optical constants of graphite

The complex refractive index of many materials is poorly known in the soft X‐ray range across absorption edges. This is due to saturation effects that occur there in total‐electron‐yield and fluorescence‐yield spectroscopy and that are strongest at resonance energies. Aiming to obtain reliable optical constants, a procedure that reconciles electron‐yield measurements and reflection spectroscopy by correcting these saturation effects is presented. The procedure takes into account the energy‐ and polarization‐dependence of the photon penetration depth as well as the creation efficiency for secondary electrons and their escape length. From corrected electron‐yield spectra the absorption constants and the imaginary parts of the refractive index of the material are determined. The real parts of the index are subsequently obtained through a Kramers–Kronig transformation. These preliminary optical constants are refined by simulating reflection spectra and adapting them, so that measured reflection spectra are reproduced best. The efficacy of the new procedure is demonstrated for graphite. The optical constants that have been determined for linearly polarized synchrotron light incident with p‐ and s‐geometry provide a detailed and reliable representation of the complex refractive index of the material near π‐ and σ‐resonances. They are also suitable for allotropes of graphite such as graphene.     

Spectroscopy of electron-induced fluorescence in organic liquid scintillators

Emission spectra of several organic liquid-scintillator mixtures which are relevant for the proposed LENA detector have been measured by exciting the medium with electrons of ∼10 keV. The results are compared with spectra resulting from ultraviolet light excitation. Good agreement between spectra measured by both methods has been found.     

A study of muscular tissue of animal origin by reflection-spectroscopy methods

A comparative analysis of the spectral characteristics of the surface of muscular tissue of animal origin (pork) and its main components has been performed by the methods of diffuse reflection electronic spectroscopy (DRES) and frustrated total internal reflection IR spectroscopy. The experiments have shown that the application of the DRES method makes it possible to detect more pronounced changes in the surface optical characteristics of muscular tissue and obtain electronic spectra containing information about the component composition of its main parts under successive extraction of sarcoplasmic materials, myofibrillar proteins of the actomyosin complex, and stroma mucopolysaccharides.

     

A comparative analysis of infra-red luminescence spectra of ZnSe crystals doped with Yb,Gd or Cr impurities

Infra-red (IR) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnSe crystals doped with Yb, Gd rare-earth impurities and Cr impurity are investigated. The influence of stoichiometric deviation on the spectra is studied and the structure of complex IR PL bands is analysed. The good coincidence between the structures of IR PL spectra of the samples doped with Yb, Gd, and Cr is shown. Correlation between the component parts of the bands at 1 and 2 μm is found and possibility to control the composition of IR PL spectra by enrichment of the samples with Zn or Se is discussed. The models that explain the formation of complexes based on rare-earth and background Cr and Cu impurities, responsible for IR PL bands, are proposed. Keywords: IR luminescence, ZnSe, Rare-earth impurities, Cr impurity.     

光镊拉曼光谱法分析红法夫酵母内虾青素含量

建立一种用激光镊子拉曼光谱法快速定量红法夫酵母细胞内虾青素含量的方法。测定不同浓度虾青素标准品溶液的拉曼光谱,取其1 520cm-1峰峰高绘制虾青素标准曲线;取不同氮源、碳源的红法夫酵母细胞,一部分用激光镊子拉曼光谱法测定,一部分用紫外-可见分光光度法测定;最后分析两者间的相关性。结果表明虾青素标准曲线的相关系数到达0.998 3。在单位质量红法夫酵母虾青素含量与单位体积红法夫酵母发酵液虾青素产量方面,对比激光镊子拉曼光谱法与紫外-可见分光光度法,两种方法所得数据具有良好的相关性,其相关系数分别达到0.917 7和0.905 4,表明激光镊子拉曼光谱法能够达到紫外-可见分光光度法的测定效果,是定量分析红法夫酵母细胞内虾青素的更有效方法。     

Fast Decomposition of Three-Component Spectra of Fluorescence Quenching by White and Grey Methods of Data Modeling

‘White’ and ‘grey’ methods of data modeling have been employed to resolve the heterogeneous fluorescence from a fluorophore mixture of 9-cyanoanthracene (CNA), 10-chloro-9-cyanoanthracene (ClCNA) and 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCNA) into component individual fluorescence spectra. The three-component spectra of fluorescence quenching in methanol were recorded for increasing amounts of lithium bromide used as a quencher. The associated intensity decay profiles of differentially quenched fluorescence of single components were modeled on the basis of a linear Stern-Volmer plot. These profiles are necessary to initiate the fitting procedure in both ‘white’ and ‘grey’ modeling of the original data matrices. ‘White’ methods of data modeling, called also ‘hard’ methods, are based on chemical/physical laws expressed in terms of some well-known or generally accepted mathematical equations. The parameters of these models are not known and they are estimated by least squares curve fitting. ‘Grey’ approaches to data modeling, also known as hard-soft modeling techniques, make use of both hard-model and soft-model parts. In practice, the difference between ‘white’ and ‘grey’ methods lies in the way in which the ‘crude’ fluorescence intensity decays of the mixture components are estimated. In the former case they are given in a functional form while in the latter as digitized curves which, in general, can only be obtained by using dedicated techniques of factor analysis. In the paper, the initial values of the Stern-Volmer constants of pure components were evaluated by both ‘point-by-point’ and ‘matrix’ versions of the method making use of the concept of wavelength dependent intensity fractions as well as by the rank annihilation factor analysis applied to the data matrices of the difference fluorescence spectra constructed in two ways: from the spectra recorded for a few excitation lines at the same concentration of a fluorescence quencher or classically from a series of the spectra measured for one selected excitation line but for increasing concentration of the quencher. The results of multiple curve resolution obtained by all types of the applied methods have been scrutinized and compared. In addition, the effect of inadequacy of sample preparation and increasing instrumental noise on the shape of the resolved spectral profiles has been studied on several datasets mimicking the measured data matrices.

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Comparison of intrinsic zero-energy loss and Shirley-type background corrected profiles of XPS spectra for quantitative surface analysis: Study of Cr, Mn and Fe oxides

The intrinsic zero-energy loss profiles of transition metal 2p and 3p XPS spectra for Cr, Mn, and Fe oxides are obtained by spectral deconvolution and compared with Shirley-type background corrected profiles. The metal core level spectra are deconvoluted by O 1s spectra as the response function of each oxide. As the O 1s spectra include intrinsic and extrinsic energy loss parts, the background corrected core level spectra are zero-energy loss spectra. The good agreement of the deconvoluted spectra with the reported spectra obtained by the many body effect theory indicates that the background subtraction method is accurate. A comparison of the deconvoluted with the background corrected spectra of the Shirely-type subtraction reveals that almost all the spectra coincide with each other except for Fe 3p with -Fe₂O₃. The good coincidence of the Shirley-type corrected spectra with the deconvoluted and calculated spectra indicates that Shirley-type background correction can be used for daily quantitative surface analysis.     

不同地区恐龙化石的显微激光拉曼光谱研究

研究了7个恐龙化石样品在较高波数段的显微激光拉曼光谱,化石样品来自不同地区并且属于不同的骨骼部位。显微激光拉曼光谱表明,这7个恐龙化石的拉曼特征峰的峰位十分相似,但峰形有差别。进一步的比较分析还发现,不同源地相同骨骼部位的拉曼峰峰形比较相似,例如不同地区的脊椎头化石图谱比较相似,肢骨头化石的拉曼峰峰形也比较相似。实验结果表明,在1 000～1 800 cm-1波数段内的拉曼特征峰,主要与原骨骼所属的部位有关,与化石的源地关系不太大。785 nm的拉曼光谱不能区分恐龙化石的源地,但可以在较小的地质区域内区分化石骨骼的部位。     

药材瓜蒌不同部位的红外光谱分析

采用傅立叶红外光谱和二阶导数谱分析方法,对药材瓜蒌不同部位(皮、瓤、子)的红外光谱进行分析.红外谱图显示,瓜蒌各部位均含糖及苷;瓜蒌皮和瓜蒌子中含黄酮及酯类成分;瓜蒌瓤和瓜蒌皮中含相当量的淀粉.二阶导数谱中,在1800～700 cm-1区域内,瓜蒌子的谱峰最简单,次之为瓜蒌瓤,全瓜蒌和瓜蒌皮的峰数较多,峰形和峰强比较相...