新型银锭夜蛾性信息素类似物的合成及初步活性

昆虫性信息素具有微量、高效、绿色等优点，利用性信息素防治害虫具有良好的应用前景。但随着对性信息素的研究不断深入，性信息素田间释放速率较快、易分解等问题日益凸显。为提高性信息素对银锭夜蛾的防治效果，以银锭夜蛾性信息素主要成分顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯（Z7-12:Ac）为母体结构，通过醇与酰氯或酸酐的反应，合成结构稳定且新颖的6种性信息素类似物，包括顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2-二氟代乙酸酯（Y₁），顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯（Y₂），顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酸酯（Y₃），顺-7-十二碳烯-2,2,2-三氟甲磺酸酯（Y₄），顺-7-十二碳烯-2-溴丙酸酯（Y₅），顺-7-十二碳烯-3-甲硫基丙酸酯（Y₆），其结构经核磁共振（NMR）和高分辨质谱（HR-MS）表征。室内生物活性研究表明：所有的性信息素类似物在触角电生理试验（EAG）中均表现出一定的生物活性，其中Y₁具有较好的剂量-效应关系，在浓度10 μg时EAG直接刺激响应值为2.07 mV。     

松毛虫性信息素微量成分鉴定方法的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱分析确认了顺-5-,反-7-十二碳二烯乙酸酯是思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体的主要成分（次要成分由于含量极微且受杂质干扰,未能获得全扫描质谱图）。利用高分辨率毛细管气相色谱分析了思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体提取物的酯基转移和乙酰化反应的衍生物,进一步确认了顺-5-,反-7-十二碳二烯醇是思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体中的微量成分。探讨了功能团相互转换微量化学反应法鉴定松毛虫性信息素腺体中微量成分功能团和立体构型的优点。强调了性信息素微量成分鉴定工作在昆虫化学通讯系统研究中的重要性。     

欧洲葡萄花翅小卷蛾性信息素

欧洲葡萄花翅小卷蛾的性信息素主要成分为7E,9Z-十二碳二烯乙酸酯。从1,5-二溴戊烷出发,制成格氏试剂后与甲醛发生格氏加成反应得到1,7-庚二醇,单酯化得到7-羟基庚醇乙酸酯,氧化得到7-氧代庚醇乙酸酯,与(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)三苯基溴化膦进行Wittig反应并水解得到9-氧代-7E-壬烯乙酸酯,再与正丙基三苯基溴化膦进行Wittig反应合成了7E,9Z-十二碳二烯乙酸酯,总产率13%,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证。     

1980年上海有机化学研究所色谱学术交流会议摘要

气相色谱法测定昆虫性诱剂中的顺、反几何异构体鳞翅目蛾类昆虫性诱剂大部分是些长链不饱和脂肪醛、醇或醇的乙酸酯。而蛾类性诱剂的效果决定于双键的顺、反几何异构体的比例。我们用6.3米DEGS柱测定了棉红铃虫性诱剂7,11-十六碳双烯醇乙酸酯顺、顺和顺、反的含量及玉米螟性诱剂11-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯顾、反的含量。将上述化合物中的双键转化为环氧化合物,再用DEGS柱则能使分离度R增大到原来的3倍左右,达到了定量分析的要求。我们还准确地测定了棉铃虫性诱剂11-十六碳烯醛-1的顺、反含量,以及9-十二碳烯醇乙酸酯的顺、反含量。     

马尾松毛虫性信息素的立体选择性合成新法

马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus Walker)是一种毁灭性的森林害虫,在我国分布较广[1].利用昆虫信息素进行农林病虫害防治在保护环境和生态平衡等方面有突出的优点.马尾松毛虫性信息素的主要成份是(5Z,7E)-5,7-十二碳二烯-1-醇(Ⅲ)及其乙酸酯、丙酸酯[2,3].     

松毛虫性信息素共轭双键定位方法的研究

亲二烯体试剂4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑啉-3,5-二酮(MTAD)与共轭二烯成分形成衍生物,经气相色谱-质谱分析,衍生物质谱图中各种特征碎片离子简单、明显,可用于确定共轭双键在碳链中的位置。以鉴定云南松毛虫性信息素腺体成分的共轭双键位置为例,进一步探讨了反-5-,顺-7-十二碳二烯醇及相应的醛和乙酸酯与MTAD形成衍生物的化学反应特点及色谱分析中应注意的问题。     

梨小食心虫性信息素顺-8-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯及其反式异构体的合成

梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck)是一种世界性的梨、桃、苹果等果树害虫.此虫在我国分布甚广.1969年Roelofs等鉴定其性信息素的结构为顺-8-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(1)^[1],其后报道1与少量反-8-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(2)合用,则引诱活性可以增强^[2].     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素的合成研究进展

综述了用Wittig反应构建烯烃、炔化物还原、烯烃硼氢化、山梨酸衍生物格氏偶联、油脂的氧化-还原等方法,合成苹果蠹蛾性信息素(8E,10E-十二碳二烯-l-醇)的研究进展。并介绍了其部分类似物的合成方法。参考文献21篇。     

WITTIG反应的研究IV.苹果蠹蛾性信素E,E-8,10-十二烯-1-醇立体选择性的合成

通过二苯基烯丙基型叶立德与8-氧辛酸甲酯进行的WITTIG反应,合成苹果蠹蛾性信息素,E,E-8,10-十二碳二烯1-醇(5).这个反应的特点是反式选择性高,产物中E,E-异构体的含量可达95%以上.     

Wittig反应的研究——Ⅳ.苹果蠹蛾性信息素E,E-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇立体选择性的合成

通过二苯基烯丙基型叶立德与8-氧辛酸甲酯进行的Wittig反应,合成苹果蠹蛾性信息素,E,E-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇(5)。这个反应的特点是反式选择性高,产物中E,E-异构体的含量可达95%以上。     

Analytical studies of Spodopteralittoralis sex pheromone components by electroantennography and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection

In this paper we present analytical studies of the sex pheromone components of the Egyptian armyworm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) by electroantennography (EAG) and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). EAG responses in three different preparations, using an insect's head, an excised antenna and a live insect, have been recorded. EAG depolarizations of live insects were significantly higher than those elicited by the insect's head or the excised antenna. The responses were dose-dependent. Live insects also allowed regular pheromone stimulations for 40 min with only 38% decrease of the EAG initial depolarization. The synthetic pheromone blend elicited the highest EAG activity (2.0+/-0.3 mV), followed by the major compound (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (I) (1.54+/-0.1mV), and the minor components (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (II), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (III), tetradecyl acetate (IV) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (V) (1.21-1.32 mV range). (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (VI), although not present in the pheromone blend of our strain, also showed an EAG activity (1.32+/-0.09 mV) similar to that of the monoenic components. GC-EAD responses confirmed the composition of the sex pheromone blend, the major response being elicited by the main component I followed by the other minor compounds II-V. The new dienic compound found in the female pheromone gland, (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (VII), was not electrophysiologically active. Regarding sensitivity, the minimum amount detectable to elicit an antennal response in our GC-EAD system was 15 pg of the major component. In our system, which was built with cheap and easily available materials, no cooling of the effluent at the outlet of the chromatographic column is required.     

Liquid crystal stationary phases for gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

Novel monomeric and polymeric liquid crystalline compounds were synthesized as stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Monomeric liquid crystalline compounds were used in packed column gas chromatography for the separation of isomeric aromatic compounds and insect sex pheromones. Liquid crystalline polymers possess long nematic ranges and a uniform coating was easily achieved in glass and fused silica capillaries, which could stand temperatures up to 250°C in GC and pressures of 200 MPa at 160°C in SFC. The columns provide excellent selectivity and resolution for fused ring aromatic compounds such as the isomers anthracene and phenanthrene or triphenylene and chrysene.     

Identification (GC and GC-MS) of unsaturated acetates in Elasmopalpus lignosellus and their biological activity (GC-EAD and EAG)

Two insect colonies of Elasmopalpus lignosellus were reared in our laboratory, the first being initiated from pupae obtained from a cornfield in the region of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais and the second from a cornfield in the region of Goiania, Goiás. From the two colonies, two extracts were prepared from the pheromone glands of virgin E. lignosellus females. The extract obtained from the first colony was designated as extract 1 while the extract obtained from the second colony was designated as extract 2. Extract 1 was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate [(Z)-9-HDA] and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate [(Z)-11-HDA] being identified and confirmed by the formation of DMDS derivatives. In addition, a third acetate, which could be either (E)-8-hexadecenyl acetate [(E)-8-HDA] or (E)-9-hexadecenyl acetate [(E)-9-HDA] was detected by GC-MS. Extract 2 was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-electroannetography (GC-EAD) revealing the presence of (Z)-11-HDA and (Z)-9-TDA. In addition, the same compounds elicited a response with the E. lignosellus male antenna obtained from the second insect colony. Electroantennography (EAG) screening with the male E. lignosellus antenna (obtained from the second insect colony) was conducted with the 23 possible tetradecenyl acetates (TDA) and 22 hexadecenyl acetates (HDA) as standards. Out of the 23 TDA isomers evaluated, only (Z)-9-TDA elicited a response and out of the 22 HDA [(Z) and (E) isomers gamma2 to delta13] evaluated only (Z)-11-HDA elicited a response. The acetate compositions of two extracts obtained from insects originating from the two states (Minas Gerais and Goiás) of Brazil were different from one another as well as from that obtained from insects in Tifton, GA, USA. The bioactivity data (GC-EAD) of the extract 2 differed from those reported for the Tifton, GA, USA population. These data suggest polymorphism in relation to the insect populations found in Brazil and in the USA. The possibility of the existence of an E. lignosellus sub-species cannot be ruled out.     

茄黄斑螟性信息素化学结构的毛细管色谱/质谱测定

本文介绍用毛细管色谱/质谱联用技术,测定出茄黄斑螟性信息素化学结构为E_n—16:Ac。     

Analysis of insect pheromones by quadrupole mass fragmentography and high-resolution gas chromatography.

A sensitive technique is described for the analysis of insect pheromones. Insect extracts are separated into fractions by column chromatography and are analyzed directly by quadrupole mass fragmentography on high-resolution glass capillary columns and by mass spectrometry. Applications are illustrated with two important pests. In the codling moth, trans-8, trans-10-dodecadien-1-ol was found to be present at a level of 3.5 ng per female, and in the European grapevine moth trans-7, cis-9-dodecadienyl acetate at a level of 1.6 ng. Both compounds appear to be present in high isomeric purity in the female insect and are absent in the corresponding males.     

Location of double bonds in diene and triene acetates by partial reduction followed by methylthiolation

Two random reduction procedures (NH2NH2/H2O2 and NH2NH2/O2) were compared and conditions optimized for the reduction of two synthetic pheromone compounds (9Z,11E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate on a 300 microg scale at 60 degrees C. The relative amounts of the four products (completely reduced acetate, unreacted diene acetate and two monoene acetates), characterized by gas chromatography (GC) from the reaction mixture, depended on the reaction conditions. The reduction was straightforward without any detectable undesired side products. The reaction yields were reproducible with both the reducing reagents. The optimized reduction conditions thus established were utilized to reduce seven synthetic compounds (four diene and three triene acetates) on a micro scale (5 microg). In all cases, expected compounds were identified by GC-MS. After reduction, two methods were used to locate the position of double bonds in the partially reduced compounds. In the first method, the products from the above seven compounds were isolated by extraction with hexane and reacted with dimethyl disulfide to give the DMDS adducts. In the second method ("one-pot"), the reduced compounds were not isolated but instead, the solvents were evaporated and the DMDS derivatives formed. In both cases, determination of the position of the double bonds was possible by GC-MS analyses. The complete procedure (reduction and DMDS derivative formation) could be carried out on a 100 ng scale. Although neither of the partial reduction methods offered significant advantages over the other, partial reduction with NH2NH2/H2O2 was more convenient and hence should be the method of choice, together with DMDS derivative formation to locate double bonds in pheromones. In addition, a new procedure is described using ND2ND2/H2O2 and DMDS derivative formation capable of distinguishing between the double bond positions in (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (1:1 mixture).     

Practical Syntheses of Some Insect Sex Pheromones, 10- and 12-Alken-1-ol Acetates

Some insect sex pheromones 10-dodecen-1-ol acetates 5a(Z/E) and 12-tetradecen-1-ol acetates 5b(Z/E) have been synthesized from cis-13-docosenoic acid la and cis-15-tetracosenoic acid Ib via the isomerization of key intermediates 11-dodecen-1-ol acetate 4a and 13-tetradodecen-1-ol acetate 4b.     

昆虫信息化合物相对蒸气压的气相色谱分析

报道了用０１２％胆固醇对氯肉桂酸酯（ＣＰＣＣ）和００８％ＯＶ１０１液晶相毛细管柱气相色谱法测定化合物相对蒸汽压的方法及对６０个昆虫信息化合物相对蒸汽压的测定结果。由此可直接利用公式计算昆虫信息素各组分的释放速率。使合成信息素最佳配比的选择方法大为简化。     

A portable gas chromatograph with simultaneous detection by mass spectrometry and electroantennography for the highly sensitive in situ measurement of volatiles

Mating disruption is a sustainable method for the control of insect pests, involving the release of synthetic sex pheromones that disrupt the olfactory localization of females by males. However, the development and refinement of this strategy is hampered because current instruments lack the sensitivity to detect volatile organic chemicals in the field, and portable electroantennograms produce non-comparable relative units and distorted results in the presence of plant volatiles. To address the demand for more sensitive instruments that are suitable for the rapid in situ detection of airborne pheromones, we have developed a portable, automated needle trap device connected to a gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, and electroantennographic detector (NTD-GC-MS/EAD) suitable for field applications. We tested the instrument by measuring the concentration of the sex pheromone (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, which is used to disrupt the mating of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Our data confirm that the instrument generates highly reproducible results and is highly sensitive, with a detection threshold of 3 ng/m³ (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate in outside air.     

Identification of the sex pheromone of the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula, using sequential SPME auto-sampling

The identification of the sex pheromone of the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula (Meyrick) was based on GC-MS analysis of volatiles released by virgin females using sequential SPME auto-sampling of headspace and by synthesis of the key component, (4Z,7Z)-4,7-decadien-1-yl acetate. Substantial capture of males in a date palm plantation using a bait consisting of the key component and 5Z-decen-1-yl acetate in a ratio of 1:2 indicated that these are the essential components of the sex pheromone. Addition of 4Z-decen-1-yl acetate and decan-1-yl acetate, which were also identified, did not affect trap-capture. The lesser date moth is the first member of the Batrachedridae whose sex pheromone has been identified. (4Z,7Z)-4,7-Decadien-1-yl acetate is a novel compound among moth sex pheromones.