Optimization of a differential absorption and scattering lidar for sensing molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere

The lidar equation for remote sensing of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere by differential absorption and scattering is solved to optimize the lidar system. The background conditions are taken into account. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 65–68 (August 1999)     

A method for retrieving vertical distribution of aerosol mass concentration in atmosphere from results of lidar sensing at Nd:YAG laser wavelengths

A method for retrieving the vertical profiles of atmospheric aerosol concentration from the results of lidar sensing at Ng:YAG laser wavelengths is developed based on the found multiple regressions between the optical location characteristics of aerosol at wavelengths of 0.355, 0.532, and 1.064 nm, as well as between the aerosol backscattering coefficient at these wavelengths and the concentration of aerosol particles. The method does not require solving ill-posed inverse problems and minimizes the use of a priori information. The reliability and generality of regressions obtained are confirmed by their good agreement with the AERO-NET data. The method efficiency is demonstrated by numerical experiments on retrieving profiles of back-scattering coefficients and concentration that corresponds to different optical models of aerosol.     

Powerful Nd:YAG laser for remote sensing

A high-energy output Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1.0642 μm) has been designed and constructed with passiveQ-switch, unstable resonator, and a one-stage amplifier. The laser operates with pulse energy 0.6 J, beam divergence 0.4 mr, and pulse-to-pulse energy stability 3%. Applications include remote composition analysis of condensed matter.     

Seed injection and frequency-locked Nd:YAG laser for direct detection wind lidar

The single longitudinal mode operation and frequency stability are essential for the laser transmitter used in the Doppler lidar. We devise a seed injection, frequency tunable and locked Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the direct detection Doppler lidar. By implementation of the dual-wavelength seed laser and iodine-based PID frequency-locking technique, the frequency-stabilized seed laser is robust to interference and can be locked within 200 kHz for 3 h. The stable output of single longitudinal mode of the frequency-doubled pulsed laser makes it possible to achieve operational wind measurement.     

Fiber Raman laser pumped by a Nd:YAG laser

We have pumped a fiber Raman laser with a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser operating at 1319 nm and generated pulses as short as 160 fsec using soliton pulse shaping in the fiber. We have also constructed a completely integrated oscillator loop using a fiber optic coupler and fusion splicing.     

Conductively cooled 1-kHz single-frequency Nd:YAG laser for remote sensing

A conductively cooled,laser diode(LD) end-pumped,injection-seeded single-frequency Nd:YAG laser is designed and implemented.The laser is capable of producing an 8-mJ Q-switched pulse with a 11-ns pulse width at 1 064 nm and at a pulse repetition rate of 1 000 Hz.At the maximum output energy of 8 mJ,the frequency jitter is less than 3.5 MHz(root mean square(RMS)) over two minutes,and the linewidth is around 54.2 MHz.The M2 of the laser beam is approximately 1.30 in both horizontal and vertical directions.The optimized ramp-fire technique is applied to build reliable single longitudinal mode oscillating.     

Frequency jitter and spectral width of an injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for a Doppler wind lidar

The design of a 50 Hz single longitudinal mode, diode-pumped and frequency-tripled Nd:YAG master oscillator power amplifier is described, and the first measurements of output parameters are presented. The laser oscillator is injection-seeded by a tuneable monolithic Nd:YAG ring laser and frequency stabilized by minimising the Q-switch build-up time. The laser system will be an integral part of an airborne instrument demonstrator for a first satellite based Doppler wind lidar to measure vertical profiles of one component of the atmospheric wind vector. This paper focuses on the investigation of the frequency jitter and the linewidth of the laser, which are measured on a pulse-to-pulse basis. For this purpose a compact, high accuracy beat frequency monitoring system has been developed at DLR. By operating the amplifier stage at half the repetition rate (50 Hz) of the oscillator, we could reduce the frequency stability from 10 MHz (rms) to 1.3 MHz (rms) (over a 14 s period). We have determined a mean linewidth of 15 MHz (FWHM) at 1064 nm. These measured laser parameters enable wind velocity measurements in the atmosphere (0–15 km) at an accuracy of 1 to 2 m/s. PACS 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Lh; 42.68.Wt     

A diode-pumped Nd: YAG lidar for airborne cloud measurements

A new diode-pumped Nd: YAG laser with a high repetition rate, for applications in small-size lidars, has been developed. In this paper first results from airborne measurements are presented. Together with a sophisticated receiver set-up for detection of multiple scattering and depolarization effects, this new laser offers a unique possibility for airborne remote sensing of clouds.     

Room-temperature operation of a multiwatt Tm:YAG laser pumped by a 1-mum Nd:YAG laser

We present what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a 4.7-W cw Tm:YAG. This proof-of-principle experiment clearly demonstrates the possibility of using a pump absorption that is 2 orders of magnitude (~0.0078 cm(-1)) less than that of the conventional pump absorption (typically >1 cm(-1)). This Tm:YAG laser is pumped intracavity within a Nd:YAG laser for multiple-pass absorption. The maximum conversion efficiency of 2.02 mum is 20%, with a slope efficiency of 35% with respect to the absorbed 1.064-mum power.     

Frequency stabilization of a 1319-nm Nd:YAG laser by saturation spectroscopy of molecular iodine

Hyperfine transitions of molecular iodine were observed by use of the frequency-doubled output of a 1319-nm Nd:YAG laser with saturation spectroscopy. The laser frequency was stabilized to the observed hyperfine transition and reached a stability of 6 x 10(-12) for a 1.5-s averaging time, improving toward the 1 x 10(-12) level after 100 s. The iodine-stabilized 1319-nm Nd:YAG laser is an excellent candidate for an optical frequency standard for telecommunication applications.     

Approximate model for laser trepanning with microsecond Nd:YAG laser radiation

Trepanning of 200 m cooling holes in 2–4 mm thick CMSX-4 turbine material is done by a lamp-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with pulse durations of 100–500 s and pulse energies up to 1 J determining the material removal mainly by melt expulsion. The high removal velocities achieved enable us to describe the motion of the melt front – the phase boundary of solid/liquid material – approximately. Compared to the complete solution including heat conduction and phase transition (Stefan problem) the approximate model is asymptotically accurate and its errors are controllable. The simulation is compared with experimental results of cross sections of trepanning kerfs, assuming that the melt is removed instantaneously by being expelled by a coaxial gas stream during trepanning. The assumption of temperature-independent material parameters is discussed. First results with an assumed Gaussian beam profile (M²=2) are compared with a refined simulation considering the measured spatial beam profile. PACS 42.60.Jf; 42.62.Cf; 44.05.+e; 46.15.Cc     

LD泵浦的Nd：YAG调Q激光器腔内倍频研究

DPL的调Q倍频是获得高重复率绿光输出的有效方法,本文研究了这种激光器的动态特性,提出存在使转换效率最高的最佳非线性耦合系数,它是调Q时反转粒子数超阈值倍数的函数.实验用国产200mWR的MQW—LDA泵浦Nd:YAG激光器,声光调Q,KTP腔内倍频,输出0.4μJ的倍频光,脉宽70ns,峰功率6W.     

利用Nd: YAG激光诱导击穿光谱法检测橡胶共混物中锌的均匀性分布

激光诱导击穿光谱是一种基于激光的定性、定量分析化学元素的方法,可用于分析混合室中的橡胶共混物。本文采用波长为1 064 nm、脉冲能量为100 mJ的Nd: YAG激光诱导击穿光谱法检测橡胶共混物中锌的分散情况。实验表明,正确混料决定了橡胶产品的质量,较短的混合时间将会导致混料的不均匀分散;焦距等参数设置对光谱线强度影响较大。激发标定样品可产生标定曲线。通过行扫描可分析锌在橡胶共混物中的分散情况。通过估算沿着行扫描方向的强度分布,可检测由于混合时间较短和旋转速度不同而引起的锌均匀性变化。     

Passive mode locking of a Nd：YAG laser with co－doped Nd, Cr：YAG as saturable absorber

We demonstrate the characteristics of relatively low saturation intensity using co-doped Nd, Cr:YAG as saturable absorber for passively mode locking the Nd:YAG laser. The difference of the saturation intensity between Q-switched and mode-locked operation in co-doped Nd, Cr:YAG was only one to two orders of magnitude, while Cr:YAG was generally reported at a difference of five orders of magnitude. More than 80% mode locking modulation depth was achieved at an incident pump power of 4.4W, corresponding to an intracavity intensity of 6×10^4W/cm^2, using a 68cm long plano-concave cavity.     

Investigation of Cr:YAG passive mode-locking in a pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Passive mode-locking of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser using a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber was realized for the first time in a nearly critical stable resonator containing an antiresonant ring structure. The output energy and pulse duration are 13.5 mJ and 180 ps, respectively. The recovery time and saturable intensity for excited-state absorption of Cr⁴⁺:YAG under the action of strong laser pulses were calculated from rate equations.     

Nd：YAG激光器中的自锁模

本文报道在Nd:YAG激光器中首次获得的自锁模脉冲序列.自锁模是由于Nd:YAG棒中的自相位调制引起的.在主被动对撞锁模运转情况下,自锁模对脉冲波形有较大的影响.     

High-peak-power diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with a Brillouin phase-conjugation--pulse-compression mirror

We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering compression of diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser pulses with a 3-ns duration into 350-ps pulses at a pulse-repetition rate of 100 Hz for what is believed to be the first time. The output pulse energy was 6.5 mJ, with a beam-quality factor M(2) of 1.15, and after final amplification the energy reached 36 mJ, with M(2) of 2.5.     

Compact 600 mW blue laser with a composite Nd:YAG

A compact and simple design for an LDA-end-pumped intracavity doubling high-power blue laser with a composite Nd:YAG laser on the ⁴F_3/2 to ⁴I_9/2 laser transition in a flat-curved cavity is demonstrated. The nonlinear crystal used in the experiment is an LBO crystal cut for phase-matching type I. Through the thermo-lensing effect of the laser crystal at high-pumped power, the optimum mode-matched and efficient intracavity doubling are realized at the same time. The maximum output power at 473 nm was 600 mW when the absorbed, pumped power of 15 W, and the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 4%. The stability of blue output power is 3.2% within 2 h.     

Partially end-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with a hybrid resonator

A Nd:YAG slab is partially end pumped by a diode laser stack with three diode laser bars. The pumped volume has a rectangular cross section. A hybrid resonator, which is stable in the plane of small dimension and is off-axis unstable in the plane of large dimension of the gain cross section, was used to yield highly efficient laser operation at diffraction-limited beam quality. The laser design and experimental results are reported.