Evaluation of novel coumarin-proline sulfonamide hybrids as anticancer and antidiabetic agents

Abstract

Cancer and diabetes are considered as two major diseases affecting human health worldwide. Various therapies are available for treatment of cancer and diabetes individually, peptide linkage containing proline sulfonamide can be a promising therapy for treatment of both cancer as well as diabetes. Here, we report design and synthesis of novel coumarin-proline sulfonamide derivatives as anticancer and antidiabetic agents. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against lungs cancer cell line (A549) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye (MTT)assay and antidiabetic activity using DPP-IV inhibition assay. Compound 16b showed excellent activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF7) with IC₅₀ value of 1.07?µM. All compounds showed moderate DPP-IV inhibition.     

含哌嗪基7-溴噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶抗癌试剂的设计与合成

为寻找以蛋白酪氨酸激酶为靶点的新型抗癌试剂,本文设计与合成了系列含哌嗪基的7-溴噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶衍生物。以巯基乙酸为原料,经六步反应得4-氯-7-溴噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶母核,再与不同的哌嗪衍生物在添加三乙胺作碱的条件下反应,制备了五个未见报道的含哌嗪基7-溴噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶化合物。结构经1H NMR和HRMS表征。     

Amide derivatives of 4-azaindole: Design,synthesis, and EGFR targeting anticancer agents

Abstract

A series of amide derivatives of azaindole-oxazoles (11a-n) were designed and synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR and mass spectral analysis. Further, these derivatives were screened for their anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines viz; MCF7 (breast), A549 (lung) and A375 (melanoma). In vitro anticancer activity screening indicated that most of the hybrids exhibited potent inhibitory activities in a variety of cancer cell lines. Among the compounds 11d, 11e, 11f, 11j, 11k, 11l, 11m, and 11n were exhibited more potent activity than standard, in those mainly two compounds 11m and 11j were exhibited excellent activity in MCF-7 cell line with IC₅₀ values 0.034 and 0.036?µM. Moreover, all these compounds were carried out their molecular docking studies on EGFR receptor results indicated that two potent compounds 11m and 11j were strongly binds to protein EGFR (PDB ID: 4hjo). It was found that the energy calculations were in good agreement with the observed IC₅₀ values.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-methyl-4-phenyl thiazole derivatives as anticancer agents

Abstract

New N-(5-methyl-4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-2-(substituted thio)acetamides were synthesized and studied for their anticancer activity. The title compounds were procured by reacting 2-chloro-N-(5-methyl-4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide with some mercapto derivatives. The structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and LC-MS/MS spectral data and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antitumor activities against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and NIH/3T3 mouse embryoblast cell line for determining their selective cytotoxicity. 2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-N-(5-methyl-4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)acetamide (4c) showed high selectivity, and whose IC₅₀ value was determined as 23.30?±?0.35?µM and >1000?µM against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and NIH/3T3 mouse embryoblast cell lines, respectively. 2-[(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]-N-(5-methyl-4-phenyl thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (4a) and 2-[(1-Methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-N-(5-methyl-4-phenyl thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (4c) exhibited the highest apoptosis percentage among those tested, but not as high as the standard, cisplatin.     

1,2-Benzisoxazole-3-acetamide derivatives as dual agents for DPP-IV inhibition and anticancer activity

Abstract

Herein, we have designed various benzisoxazole acetamide derivatives with and without glycine spacer as DPP-IV inhibitors. Compounds 9a–d and 11a–e were synthesized and screened for their in vitro DPP-IV inhibition. Compounds 11a and 11c showed moderate activity for DPP-IV inhibition, whereas other remained inactive at 25–200?µM concentrations. DPP-IV inhibition can be a good strategy for modulating diabetes and cancer; hence, we have screened compounds 9a–d and 11a–e for their anticancer activity using MTT assay against A549 and MCF7 cell lines. Compounds 9a–d without glycine spacer have shown good anticancer activity compared to compounds 11a–e with glycine spacer. Compound 9b has shown moderate activity with IC₅₀ values 4.72?±?0.72 and 4.39?±?0.809?µM against A549 and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, compound 9c with cyano group has shown very good anticancer activity with IC₅₀ 2.36?±?0.34?µM against MCF7 cell line as compared to fluorouracil with IC₅₀ 45.04?±?1.02?µM.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of novel pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Herein, a rapid and highly efficient method for the synthesis of a new series of pyrimidine derivatives was demonstrated. The strategy was emanated from the reaction of hydrazinyl pyrimidine derivative ( 1 ) with different electrophilic species such as ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro acetoacetate, and phenyl isothiocyanate following cyclocondensation mechanism to afford the corresponding derivatives ( 2-6 ). Furthermore, condensation of hydrazine derivative ( 1 ) with different carbonyl compounds via conventional heating and microwave irradiation conditions was employed as a source of Schiff base derivatives bearing pyrimidine moiety ( 7-12 ). The structural features of all newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectroscopic evidences. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity. The preliminary screening results showed that most of the tested compounds have moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines. Finally, a molecular docking study was conducted to reveal the probable interaction with the thymidylate synthase enzyme.     

A QSAR study and molecular design of benzothiazole derivatives as potent anticancer agents

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of a series of benzothiazole derivatives showing a potent and selective cytotoxicity against a tumorigenic cell line has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics (MM ) and statistical methods, and the QSAR equation was established via a correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis. A new scheme determining outliers by "leave-one-out" (LOO) cross-validation coefficient (q2n-i) was suggested and successfully used. In the established optimal equation (excluding two outliers), the steric parameter (MRR) and the net charge (QFR) of the first atom of the substituent (R), as well as the square of hydrophobic parameter (lgP)2 of the whole molecule, are the main independent factors contributing to the anticancer activities of the compounds. The fitting correlation coefficient (R2) and the cross-validation coefficient (q2) values are 0.883 and 0.797, respectively. It indicates that this model has a significantly statistical quality and an excellent prediction ability. Based on the QSAR studies, 4 new compounds with high predicted anticancer activities have been theoretically designed and they are expected to be confirmed experimentally.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis,characterization and biological activity of novel pyrazole derivatives

A series of 1-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 4a–l have been synthesized and tested for their biological activities. Formation of the pyrazole derivatives was achieved by treating with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities compared to Diclofenac sodium as standard drug. Compounds 4g, 4i and 4k exhibited the maximum anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic and toxicity data are reported.     

Facile synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds based on pyridine moiety with pharmaceutical activities

A novel run of fused heterocyclic derivatives containing pyridine moieties has been disclosed by allowing 2-amino-4-phenyl-6-(phenyl amino)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile 1 to undergo annulation reactions with different reagents. Most of synthesized compounds have moderate to strong antitumor activity against HePG-2 and MCF-7. Moreover, MOE 2014.09 software was used to run the computational studies to support the biological activity results. The assigned structures for all the newly prepared derivatives were ascertained on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data.     

Synthesis,biological evaluation and computational studies of fused acridine containing 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as anticancer agents

A novel series of fused acridine containing 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (13a-j) have been synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectral data. Further, all these derivatives were tested for their anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines A549 (Lung), MCF7 (Breast), A375 (Melanoma) and HT-29 (Colon). The IC₅₀ values range of target compounds shown 0.11 ± 0.02 to 13.8 ± 0.99 µM as compared with standard drug range 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.93 ± 0.056 µM. Among them, compounds 13d, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13i, and 13j were exhibited more potent activity. Docking simulation was performed as a trial to study the mechanisms and binding modes of these compounds towards the DNA target. The results showed these compounds have intercalated placement in the active sites and stable interactions similar to the co-crystallized reference ligand. Further, these compounds (13a-j) were investigated for Drug-likeness, ADME properties and Toxicity risk assessment.     

Design,synthesis and SAR study of novel sulfonylurea derivatives containing arylpyrimidine moieties as potential anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents

Three series of novel sulfonylureas (SUs) 9-11 containing aromatic-substituted pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. The 3D-QASR and molecular docking studies showed that SUs should be considered as potential antiphytopathogenic fungal agents.     

Synthesis of novel fluorophenylpyrazole-picolinamide derivatives and determination of their anticancer activity

Abstract

A series of fluorophenylpyrazole-picolinamide derivatives were synthesized in high yields using a cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by in situ formed palladium-N-heterocyclic carbenes (Pd-NHCs). The synthesized novel derivatives were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of four human tumor cell lines, HeLa (cervical), A-549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and IMR-32 (neuroblastoma). Four compounds, 11c, 11e, 11j, and 11k, showed growth inhibition (low µM) comparable with the standard drug cisplatin, providing a preliminary structure–activity relationship for the series. The present procedure is operationally simple and works with a wide range of substrates and may thus be useful in further compound optimization.     

Amino acids as selective sulfonamide acylating agents

Acylation of antimalarial and bacteriostatic sulfonamides with N-protected amino acids and peptides was carried out using standard peptide coupling methods. These acylation reactions are regioselective for the N⁴ nitrogen atom of diazine-containing sulfonamides. In contrast, only N¹ coupling was found for sulfisoxazole, an isoxazole-based sulfonamide. Computational studies suggest that a combination of geometrical, thermodynamic and electronic factors are responsible for the different reactivities reported.     

Design and synthesis of some novel pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives and their biological evaluation as antimicrobial and anticancer agents targeting EGFR enzyme

A new series of pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives was designed and evaluated as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. The target compounds were synthesized starting with 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide derivative 1 which underwent cyclocondensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes to give the key intermediates 2a,b. By further treatment of 2a,b with various reagents, the target 2,4-disubstituted-pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3a,b–11a,b were obtained. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the new compounds, they were tested against five bacterial and five fungal strains. Compounds 6c, 8b, 9a and 9b revealed the most significant antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms with MIC values range (4–16 μg/mL). Also, compounds 2a,b–11a,b were screened for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines compared with doxorubicin and cisplatin as references drugs. Moreover, compounds (2b, 4a, 6a, 7b, 7c and 9a) which exhibited the most potent anticancer activity, were further subjected to EGFR^WT enzyme inhibition assay utilizing erlotinib as a standard drug. The compounds 6a, 7b, 7c and 9a which showed the most promising suppression effects were also evaluated as inhibitors against the mutant forms EGFR^L858R and EGFR^T790M. The 4-aminopyrazolone analogue 9a showed superior anticancer activity against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 1.27, 10.80 μM, respectively) and more potent enzymatic inhibition activity against EGFR^WT and its mutant forms EGFR^L858R and EGFR^T790M than that obtained by erlotinib (IC₅₀ = 0.021, 0.053, 0.081 µM, respectively, IC_50erlotinib; 0.027, 0.069, 0.550 µM, respectively). Finally, the molecular docking study showed good binding patterns of the most active compounds with the prospective target EGFR^WT.     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of diarylpyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents targeting microtubules

A new series of novel diarylpyrazole derivatives as microtubule destabilizers were synthesized and evaluated for the anti-proliferative activities. Anti-proliferative assays were performed on the human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (SGC-7901), and the compound 9s containing indole ring showed great anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cells with IC₅₀ value of 1.9 ± 0.11 μM. Further biological studies showed that 9s was able to inhibit tubulin polymerization, disrupt the cytoskeleton, block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and induce cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the results of molecular docking studies showed that compound 9s could bind tightly to the colchicine binding site of tubulin through hydrogen bonding interaction. These preliminary results recommend that compound 9s is likely to be a microtubule destabilizer that deserves further investigation.     

Synthesis of thiazole clubbed pyrazole derivatives as apoptosis inducers and anti-infective agents

Fourteen N-[{(substituted-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}methylene]-5-substituted-thiazol-2-amine (5a-n) analogs were synthesized by the reaction of 3-aryl-1-(thiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and substituted thiazole amines. The structures of prepared compounds were delineated by elemental analysis, FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectra. These analogs were scrutinized for in vitro anti-infective and cytotoxic activities. Some thaizole clubbed pyrazole derivatives were assessed for their cytological changes in germ cells of Capra hircus by using histomorphological analysis, fluorescence assay and apoptosis quantification. Compound 5l having 4-NO₂ substituent induced the significant apoptosis in tested cells of Capra hircus. The results revealed that compounds 5c, 5e, 5k, and 5l have commendable antibacterial activity within MIC range of 62.5–250 μg/ml. Compound 5c emerged as a potent antimalarial compound by exhibiting IC₅₀ value of 0.23 μg/ml and compound 5j induced paralysis of Pherentima posthuma at 8.6 ± 1.94 min and death at 20 ± 5.04 min, respectively. Compound 5j revealed an excellent cytotoxicity at IC₅₀ value of 30.7 and < 10 μg/ml against MCF-7 and HeLa cells, respectively. Individually, compounds 5c, 5j and 5l could be considered as promising anti-infective and cytotoxic compounds.     

Convenient synthesis of 2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine derivatives

An efficient and convenient approach for the preparation of functionalized 2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine derivatives has been developed through cyclic condensation of malonate derivatives with S-methylisothiouronium sulfate followed by derivation and oxidation in water–acetone mixture using oxone as the oxidant. This synthetic strategy provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for easy access to 2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine derivatives with considerable yields.     

New metal complexes of sulfonamide: Synthesis,characterization, in‐vitro anticancer,anticholinesterase, antioxidant,and antibacterial studies

In this research work a sulfonamide from tranexamic acid has been synthesized followed by its metal complexation. p‐Bromo benzene sulfonyl chloride was used to synthesize sulfonamide using eco‐friendly atmosphere. The sulfonamide prepared from tranexamic acid has been utilized for the preparation of metal complexes with various metals like Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Sn, and Sr. All synthesized compounds were characterized by applying different spectral techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), mass spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The biological activities such as radical scavenging activity, enzyme inhibition, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer were performed. It was concluded from the results that compounds showed moderate to good activity. Cu complex of sulfonamide showed the highest antioxidant potential (87.69 ± 1.8% with IC₅₀ 137 ± 1.0 μg) while Cr complex depicted the highest activity against both enzymes; AChE (73.51 ± 1.7% with IC₅₀ 165 ± 1.1 μg) and BChE (70.05 ± 1.3% with IC₅₀ 152 ± 1.8 μg). Mn complex showed good results against six bacterial strains comparable with standard drug. Cr complex depicted highest anticancer activity against MCF7 and human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cell lines 45.73% and 25.40%, respectively. These results concluded that metal complexes of sulfonamide may be good induction in the future for medical purposes.     

KCC-1 aminopropyl-functionalized supported on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles as a novel magnetic nanocatalyst for the green and efficient synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives

A new magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe₃O₄@KCC-1-npr-NH₂) was synthesized directly through the reaction of Fe₃O₄@KCC-1 with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) using a hydrothermal protocol. Prepared nanocomposite was used as a magnetically reusable nanocatalyst for an efficient synthesis of a broad range of sulfonamide derivatives in water as a green solvent at room temperature and the products are collected by filtration with excellent yields (85–97%). The nanocatalyst could be remarkably recovered and reused after ten times without any significant decrease in activity. This mild and simple synthesis method offers some advantages including short reaction time, high yield and simple work-up procedure.     

Novel pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as promising anticancer agents: A review

Pyridines and pyrimidines are the class of heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds having plethora of applications in anticancer drug development. These synthetic sources serve as the potent class of compounds in treatment of breast cancer, myeloid leukemia, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and idiopathic respiratory fibrosis etc. The present review enumerates the results of studies published during past three years (2019–2021) on pyridine and pyrimidine analogues with their respective anticancer properties characterized in vitro or through in silico studies and illustrates their potential in development of anticancer agents. Recent advances on pyridine and pyrimidine analogues mentioned in this review add to the appealing opportunities for cancer therapy.