Versatile code DLAYZ for investigating population kinetics and radiative properties of plasmas in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium

A versatile code DLAYZ based on collisional-radiative model is developed for investigating the population kinetics and radiative properties of plasmas in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. DLAYZ is implemented on the detailed level accounting (DLA) approach and can be extended to detailed configuration accounting (DCA) and hybrid DLA/DCA approaches. The code can treat both steady state and time-dependent problems. The implementation of the main modules of DLAYZ is discussed in detail including atomic data, rates, population distributions and radiative properties modules. The complete set of basic atomic data is obtained using relativistic quantum mechanics. For dense plasmas, the basic atomic data with plasma screening effects can be obtained. The populations are obtained by solving the coupled rate equations, which are used to calculate the radiative properties. A parallelized version is implemented in the code to treat the large-scale rate equations. Two illustrative examples of a steady state case for carbon plasmas and a time-dependent case for the relaxation of a K-shell excited argon are employed to show the main features of the present code.     

Solution of time-domain acoustic wave propagation problems using a RBF interpolation model with “a priori” estimation of the free parameter

In the last decade, Meshless Methods have found widespread application in different fields of engineering and science. Beyond novelty, their mathematical simplicity and numerical accuracy have been the key of their rapid dissemination. Among meshless techniques, RBF (Radial Basis Functions) based methods can be simple and general to solve the problems related to multiple areas of applied physics and engineering. In the specific field of acoustics, there are usually two possible approaches for solving a problem: time- and frequency-domain. In this paper, the authors propose a local time-domain approach to establish an efficient methodology for the solution of large-scale acoustic wave propagation problems. For this purpose, a local interpolation scheme, based on the reproduction of the local wave field using RBFs (MultiQuadric and Gaussian), is implemented and its accuracy is verified against known closed-form solutions. An explicit time-domain marching procedure is adopted, and the quality of the numerical results is also compared with that obtained using standard space-time Finite-Difference schemes. Additionally, the RBF interpolation model is used to simulate the propagation of a Ricker pulse in two simple test cases, and applied to simulate a more complex configuration, corresponding to an underwater sound propagation problem. In this frame, the results are also compared with those computed using a fourth-order in space and second-order in time Finite-Difference scheme.     

Static and dynamic analysis of two-dimensional graphite lattices

Plane problems of statics and dynamics of graphite lattice are considered in the linear approximation. Comparative analysis of two models of interatomic interaction is carried out. One of these models is based on pairwise moment interaction, and the other is the Brennermodel where the variation in the angles between the segments connecting the atom under study with three nearest neighbors is additionally taken into account. The lattice tensile and shear rigidity in two directions is studied by straightforward calculations. The propagation of harmonic tensile and shear waves it two directions is considered. In problems of both statics and wave propagation, the results are compared with similar results for the equivalent continuum. It turned out that in the problems of statics, the Brenner model (after averaging) leads to an isotropic momentless continuum, while the model with pair interaction lead to the moment Cosserat continuum. In problems of wave propagation, both of these models give the same qualitative results. The velocities of acoustic parallel extension-compression wave propagation in a lattice are close to the wave velocity in the continuum but do not coincide with it. The difference increases with decreasing wave length and depends on the wave propagation direction. In the case of shear wave propagation in a lattice, the velocity of acoustic shear wave propagation in the pair moment potential model significantly (in the leading terms) depends on the direction of its propagation. The optical short waves are discovered and some of their properties are described.     

Fluid–solid coupling on a cluster of GPU graphics cards for seismic wave propagation

We develop a hybrid multiGPUs and CPUs version of an algorithm to model seismic wave propagation based on the spectral-element method in the case of models of the Earth containing both fluid and solid layers. Thanks to the overlapping of communications between processing nodes on the computer with calculation by means of non-blocking message passing, we obtain excellent weak scalability of this finite-element code on a cluster of 192 GPUs and speedup factors of more than one order of magnitude compared to the same code run on a cluster of traditional CPUs. This enables us to show a new geophysical phenomenon concerning wave propagation of diffracted shear waves in a layer called D″ located at the base of the Earth's mantle, namely that in this layer the transverse and radial components of these waves can undergo a relative shift even in an isotropic Earth model, whereas this observation in real seismological data was interpreted until now as an indication of the presence of anisotropy in this layer.     

Non‐hydrostatic 3D free surface layer‐structured finite volume model for short wave propagation

In this paper a layer‐structured finite volume model for non‐hydrostatic 3D environmental free surface flow is presented and applied to several test cases, which involve the computation of gravity waves. The 3D unsteady momentum and mass conservation equations are solved in a collocated grid made of polyhedrons, which are built from a 2D horizontal unstructured mesh, by just adding several horizontal layers. The mesh built in such a way is unstructured in the horizontal plane, but structured in the vertical direction. This procedure simplifies the mesh generation and at the same time it produces a well‐oriented mesh for stratified flows, which are common in environmental problems. The model reduces to a 2D depth‐averaged shallow water model when one single layer is defined in the mesh. Pressure–velocity coupling is achieved by the Semi‐Implicit Method for Pressure‐Linked Equations algorithm, using Rhie–Chow interpolation to stabilize the pressure field. An attractive property of the model proposed is the ability to compute the propagation of short waves with a rather coarse vertical discretization. Several test cases are solved in order to show the capabilities and numerical stability of the model, including a rectangular free oscillating basin, a radially symmetric wave, short wave propagation over a 1D bar, solitary wave runup on a vertical wall, and short wave refraction over a 2D shoal. In all the cases the numerical results are compared either with analytical or with experimental data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi‐scale simulation with a hybrid Boussinesq‐RANS hydrodynamic model

A hybrid wave model is developed for simulation of water wave propagation from deep water to shoreline. The constituent wave models are the irrotational, 1‐D horizontal Boussinesq and 2‐D vertical Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). The models are two‐way coupled, and the interface is placed at a location where turbulence is relatively small. Boundary conditions on the interfacing side of each model are provided by its counterpart model through data exchange. Prior to the exchange, a data transformation step is carried out due to the differences in physical variables and approximations employed in both models. The hybrid model is tested for both accuracy and speedup performance. Tests consisting of idealized solitary and standing wave motions and wave overtopping of nearshore structures show that: (1) the simulation results of the current hybrid model compare well with the idealized data, experimental data, and pure RANS model results and (2) the hybrid model saves computational time by a factor proportional to the reduction in the size of the RANS model domain. Finally, a large‐scale tsunami simulation is provided for a numerical setup that is practically unapproachable using RANS model alone; not only does the hybrid model offer more rapid simulation of relatively small‐scale problems, it provides an opportunity to examine very large total domains with the fine resolution typical of RANS simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co-simulation coupling spectral/finite elements for 3D soil/structure interaction problems

The coupling between an implicit finite elements (FE) code and an explicit spectral elements (SE) code has been explored for solving the elastic wave propagation in the case of soil/structure interaction problem. The coupling approach is based on domain decomposition methods in transient dynamics. The spatial coupling at the interface is managed by a standard coupling mortar approach, whereas the time integration is dealt with an hybrid asynchronous time integrator. An external coupling software, handling the interface problem, has been set up in order to couple the FE software Code_Aster with the SE software EFISPEC3D.     

A massively parallel GPU‐accelerated model for analysis of fully nonlinear free surface waves

We implement and evaluate a massively parallel and scalable algorithm based on a multigrid preconditioned Defect Correction method for the simulation of fully nonlinear free surface flows. The simulations are based on a potential model that describes wave propagation over uneven bottoms in three space dimensions and is useful for fast analysis and prediction purposes in coastal and offshore engineering. A dedicated numerical model based on the proposed algorithm is executed in parallel by utilizing affordable modern special purpose graphics processing unit (GPU). The model is based on a low‐storage flexible‐order accurate finite difference method that is known to be efficient and scalable on a CPU core (single thread). To achieve parallel performance of the relatively complex numerical model, we investigate a new trend in high‐performance computing where many‐core GPUs are utilized as high‐throughput co‐processors to the CPU. We describe and demonstrate how this approach makes it possible to do fast desktop computations for large nonlinear wave problems in numerical wave tanks (NWTs) with close to 50/100 million total grid points in double/single precision with 4 GB global device memory available. A new code base has been developed in C++ and compute unified device architecture C and is found to improve the runtime more than an order in magnitude in double precision arithmetic for the same accuracy over an existing CPU (single thread) Fortran 90 code when executed on a single modern GPU. These significant improvements are achieved by carefully implementing the algorithm to minimize data‐transfer and take advantage of the massive multi‐threading capability of the GPU device. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the influence of material properties on the wave propagation in Mindlin-type microstructured solids

A mathematical model describing 1D wave propagation in Mindlin-type microstructured solids with nonlinearities in the macro- and microscale is used for studying propagation of solitary waves in such media. The results could be used for the stress analysis as well as for the nondestructive testing of material properties. The model equations are solved numerically under the localized initial conditions and periodic boundary conditions by the pseudospectral method. It is demonstrated how the values of the model parameters influence the wave propagation, the evolution and the interaction of waves under the framework of considered models. For this reason the solutions of the model equations are compared under different parameter combinations against one fixed combination of material parameters which is called ‘the reference case’.     

一点起爆半球形装药装置中散心爆轰波传播的数值模拟研究

运用自行研制的二维流体动力学程序TDY2D,对一点起爆半球壳装药装置中散心爆轰波的传播过程进行数值模拟计算.对冲击波到达炸药和飞层各界面的波形的计算值与实验值进行了对比,两者符合较好,从而验证了该程序的准确性和有效性;对爆轰波的传播过程进行了分析研究,获得了一些散心爆轰波传播的规律性认识,为进一步研究散心爆轰波特性提供了数值分析基础.     

A new 2D discrete model applied to dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials

In this work, a 2D discrete model (DM) applied to the dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials is developed and implemented. The proposed model is based on a particular discretization of Navier’s equations, presenting similarities to the Born model, with the advantage that the constants appearing in it are explicitly related to the elastic properties. This model overcomes the limitations in the choice of Poisson’s ratio present in other discrete models. Three numerical examples are presented to show the capability of this method in modelling wave propagation and dynamic fracture problems. The obtained results are in agreement with experimental and numerical results reported by other researchers.     

高速切削过程中诱发绝热剪切带形成的热塑性剪切波

提出了高速切削过程中诱发绝热剪切带形成的热塑性剪切波的传播机理,针对锯齿形切屑中热望性区域内的塑性梯度变形特征、动量和能量耗散情况,建立了与切削条件相关的热塑性剪切波的传播模型及剪切带宽度模型.在此基础上,通过淬硬45钢的切削实验并结合改进的Johnson-Cook本构模型分析了热塑性剪切波的传播规律,并将剪切带宽度模型与已提出的DB模型、WR模型和DM模型做了对比,结果表明,由热塑性剪切波传播理论推导的剪切带宽度模型与实验结果较其他模型吻合较好.     

Multi-directional and multi-time step absorbing layer for unbounded domain

Variant techniques are proposed for reproducing the elastic wave propagation in an unbounded medium such as the infinite elements, the absorbing boundary conditions or the perfect matched layers. Here, a simplified approach is adopted by considering absorbing layers characterized by the viscous Rayleigh matrix as studied by Semblat et al. [16] and Rajagopal et al. [14]. Here, further improvements to this procedure are provided. First, we start by establishing the strong form for the elastic wave propagation in a medium characterized by the Rayleigh matrix. This strong form will be used for deriving optimal conditions for damping out in the most efficient way the incident waves while minimizing the spurious reflected waves at the interface between the domain of interest and the Rayleigh damping layer. A procedure for designing the absorbing layer is proposed by targeting a performance criterion expressed in terms of logarithmic decrement of the wave amplitude in the layer thickness. Second, the GC subdomain coupling method, proposed by Combescure and Gravouil [9], is introduced for enabling the choice of any Newmark time integration schemes associated with different time steps depending on subdomains. When wave propagation is predicted by an explicit time integrator, the subdomain strategy is of great interest because it enables a different time integrator for the absorbing layer to be adopted. An external coupling software, based on the GC method, is used to carry out multi=time step explicit/implicit co-computations, making interact in time an explicit FE code (Europlexus) for the domain of interest, with an implicit FE code (Cast3m) handling the absorbing boundary layers. The efficiency of the approach is shown in 1D and 2D elastic wave propagation problems.     

Friction relaxation model for fast transient flows application to water hammer in two-phase flow – The WAHA code

The paper deals with the problem of the wall shear stress during rapid transient 1D flows in a piping system caused by water hammers in two-phase flow induced by a fast valve closure. The evolution of the transient wall shear stress is interpreted in terms of two steps. The first step is a sudden and dramatic change of the wall shear stress due to the passage of the pressure wave. The second step is a relaxation process of the shear stress which is modeled from the Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics theory. The friction relaxation model (FRM) presented in the first part of this paper describes both steps of the evolution of the wall shear stress during water hammers. The second part of the paper deals with the application of the FRM model as a closure law in the WAHA code. The main purpose of the WAHA code is to predict various situations relative to single- and two-phase water hammer transients in piping systems. The last part of the paper deals with the simulation of several cases from the UMSICHT databank using the adapted WAHA computer code with the FRM model. The results of these simulations are systematically compared with the experimental data. It is concluded that the new FRM model has a clear effect on water hammer pressure wave damping and on the pressure wave propagation velocity.     

ANTI-BLAST ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR SACRIFICIAL CLADDING

运用一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模型分析了多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸行为. 基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH)的多胞材料模型,建立了一维冲击波模型,得到了多胞牺牲层中冲击波传播的控制方程. 揭示了冲击波在多胞牺牲层中的传播特性,并阐述了附加质量和爆炸载荷强度两个参数对牺牲层设计的重要影响. 比较了基于刚性-理想塑性-锁定(R-PP-L) 模型和基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH) 模型的多胞牺牲层的结构设计,指出了两种模型的适用范围. 通过基于三维Voronoi 技术的细观有限元方法验证了基于R-PH 模型的多胞牺牲层结构的设计准则.     

多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸分析

运用一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模型分析了多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸行为. 基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH)的多胞材料模型,建立了一维冲击波模型,得到了多胞牺牲层中冲击波传播的控制方程. 揭示了冲击波在多胞牺牲层中的传播特性,并阐述了附加质量和爆炸载荷强度两个参数对牺牲层设计的重要影响. 比较了基于刚性-理想塑性-锁定(R-PP-L) 模型和基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH) 模型的多胞牺牲层的结构设计,指出了两种模型的适用范围. 通过基于三维Voronoi 技术的细观有限元方法验证了基于R-PH 模型的多胞牺牲层结构的设计准则.      

Wave propagation in elastic lattices subjected to a local harmonic loading. II. Two-dimensional problems

Steady-state and transient processes of elastic wave propagation in infinite 2D massless and material-bond lattices subjected to a local monochromatic excitation are studied. Anti-plane dynamics of rectangular and triangular lattices is considered. Mathematical models of lattices, dispersion properties of free waves, and results of transient problems solution are presented. Resonant excitations of lattices are explored. Asymptotic solutions are compared with the results of computer simulation. Special attention is given to the wave-beaming pattern in the case of the excitation frequency located within a pass-band.     

三维气相爆轰动态并行计算程序设计与开发

在三维气相爆轰数值研究中,网格精度和计算域的规模导致网格数占有非常庞大的计算资源,进而给数值模拟带来了极大的挑战。本文针对这一难题,采用5阶WENO格式对带化学反应Euler方程组进行空间离散,基于MPI（MessagePassingInterface）并行模式开发了高精度动态并行代码,并对爆轰波在带有障碍物的三维方形管道中的传播过程进行计算。计算结果表明,高精度动态并行计算能够很好的模拟三维气相爆轰波在大尺寸管道中的传播,不仅提高了计算效率,而且提高了爆轰波阵面的分辨率。与高精度静态并行相比,高精度动态并行计算减少了界面数据通信时间,从而进一步提高了计算效率。因此,高精度动态并行程序为探究三维气相爆轰新的物理机制提供有效的手段。     

Transient elastic wave propagation in an infinite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation

This paper presents an effective numerical method for solving elastic wave propagation problems in an infinite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation in time domain. In order to use the finite element method to model the local complicated material properties of the infinite beam as well as foundation, two artificial boundaries are needed in the infinite system so as to truncate the infinite beam into a finite beam. This treatment requires an appropriate boundary condition derived and applied on the corresponding truncated boundaries. For this purpose, the time-dependent equilibrium equation of motion for beam is changed into a linear ordinary differential equation by using the operator splitting and the residual radiation methods. Simultaneously, an artificial parameter is employed in the derivation. As a result, the high-order accurate artificial boundary condition, which is local in time, is obtained by solving the ordinary differential equation. The numerical examples given in this paper demonstrate that the proposed method is of high accuracy in dealing with elastic wave propagation problems in an infinite foundation beam.     

Wave propagation in a porous composite beam: Porosity determination,location and quantification

A wave-based method is developed to quantify the defect due to porosity and also to locate the porous regions, in a composite beam-type structure. Wave propagation problem for a porous laminated composite beam is modeled using spectral finite element method (SFEM), based on the modified rule of mixture approach, which is used to include the effect of porosity on the stiffness and density of the composite beam structure. The material properties are obtained from the modified rule of mixture model, which are used in a conventional SFEM to develop a new model for solving wave propagation problems in porous laminated composite beam. The influence of the porosity content on the group speed and also the effect of variation in theses parameters on the time responses are studied first, in the forward problem. The change in the time responses with the change in the porosity of the structure is used as a parameter to find the porosity content in a composite beam. The actual measured response from a structure and the numerically obtained time responses are used for the estimation of porosity, by solving a nonlinear optimization problem. The effect of the length of the porous region (in the propagation direction), on the time responses, is studied. The damage force indicator technique is used to locate the porous region in a beam and also to find its length, using the measured wave propagation responses.