Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of bcc iron surfaces

Trends in atomic multilayer relaxations, surface energy, electronic work function, and magnetic structure of several low-Miller-index surfaces of iron are investigated employing density functional theory total energy calculations. The calculated topmost layer relaxations reproduce well the experimental contractions and their variation with the surface crystallographic orientation, and surface roughness. The multilayer relaxation sequences correlate with the reduced coordination in surface layers and can be explained in terms of a simple electrostatic picture. The surface energies scale almost linearly with the surface roughness. They agree well with the experimental surface tensions and show a small anisotropy in agreement with predictions based on measurements for other metals. The equilibrium shape of a bcc Fe crystal is determined and discussed. The work function anisotropy is calculated and rationalized in terms of changes in the valence charge distribution. Significantly increased local magnetic moments of atoms in the surface region are determined. The correlation between the anisotropy of the surface magnetic moments and atomic coordination in the outermost layers is demonstrated to follow a simple rule.     

Structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial cobalt islands

Growth, structural and magnetic properties of cobalt island structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 4 nm thick island shaped Ru buffers are studied. The islands are characterized by a narrow distribution of sizes, and are separated on average by spacing of around one hundred nanometers. Growth of the islands into continuous films is found to proceed in three well defined stages, and corresponding magnetic behaviors are identified. The particles formed in the first stage of growth appear to be similar in shape and size, and their magnetic behavior suggest the presence of superparamagnetism. Particles in the second stage of growth are ferromagnetic and display a reorientation transition of their magnetization out of the film plane, consistent with that seen in patterned magnetic dot arrays. Particles coalesce in the last stage of growth and magnetic properties of continuous films are observed. Received 24 August 2001     

钴纳米粒子自组装有序阵列与磁性

采用高温液相分解法制备出平均粒径不同的单分散的钴纳米粒子.用自组装的方法得到二维和三维的钴纳米粒子有序阵列，用透射电子显微镜研究了粒径、温度、有机溶剂以及浓度对钴纳米粒子的自组装的影响.用超导量子干涉仪研究了钴纳米粒子的超顺磁性.这些研究结果为深入研究磁性纳米粒子的物性和在纳米器件中的应用奠定了良好的基础. 关键词： 钴纳米粒子 自组装 超顺磁性     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of colloidal cobalt nano-clusters

The magnetic response of nanometer sized Co nanoparticles (NP) prepared using reverse micelle solutions are presented. The use of complementary structural and morphological probes (like transmission electron microscopy, high resolution electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy) allowed to relate the magnetic properties to the size, morphology, composition and atomic structure of the nanoparticles. All data agree on the presence of a core-shell structure of NPs made of a metallic Co core surrounded by a thin Co-oxide layer. The core-shell microstructure of NPs affects its magnetic response mainly raising the anisotropy constant.     

Formation and magnetic properties of fractal aggregates of cobalt

Macroscopic fractal aggregates of cobalt are obtained by thermal evaporation of cobalt metal in an argon atmosphere and subsequent deposition on a silicon substrate heated to 1000 K. It is established that the fractal structure is formed by diffusion-limited aggregation of cobalt particles. The macroscopic fractal cobalt aggregates are ferromagnetic. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 8, 556–558 (25 October 1997)     

Co纳米孔洞模板的制备和磁性

利用纯度为995%的Al片进行阳极氧化,制成多孔氧化铝,通过两步纳米复合,制备了金属Co纳米孔洞模板.分别用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品进行了测试分析TEM观察的结果显示,模板孔洞分布均匀、局域有序,平均孔径为30nm左右,孔心距约为59nm;XRD测试的结果表明,模板是Co的多晶,并且具有明显的(002)取向;VSM测得模板的矫顽力为6164×104Am,比Co的块材有很大提高 关键词： 纳米孔洞模板 电化学 矫顽力     

Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline stannic substituted cobalt ferrite

The structural and magnetic properties of the spinel ferrite system Co_1+xFe_2−2xSn_xO₄ (x=0.0–1.0) have been studied. Samples in the series were prepared by the ceramic technique. The structural and microstructural evolutions of the nanophase have been studied using X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method. The refinement result showed that the type of the cationic distribution over the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the nanocrystalline lattice is partially an inverse spinel. Far infrared absorption spectra show two significant absorption bands, around 600 cm⁻¹ and 425 cm⁻¹, which are respectively attributed to tetrahedral (A) and octahedral [B] vibrations of the spinel. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study surface morphology. SEM images reveal particles in the nanosize range. The transmission electronic microscope (TEM) reveals that the grains are spherical in shape. TEM analysis confirmed the X-ray results. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples were characterized by using a vibrating sample magnetometer.     

Electrical and magnetic properties of titanium diselenide intercalated with cobalt

This paper discusses experimental studies of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient of the compounds Co_xTiSe₂ (0.1⩽x⩽0.5), along with the structural behavior exhibited by these compounds. For Co_0.5TiSe₂, the observed temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility is characteristic of an antiferromagnet with a Néel temperature of 510 K. The data obtained on the structural characteristics and physical properties of the intercalated phases are interpreted using a model that assumes the formation of bands of localized states near the Fermi level. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1618–1621 (Sepember 1997)     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of tubular cobalt–silica nanocomposites

Co-based (Co and Co₃O₄) nanoparticles were self-integrated into SiO₂ nanotubes with a methodology based on the use of a Co salt as a template structure for the formation of SiO₂ nanotubes. Within the confinement of tubular matrix of SiO₂, the nanofibres of cobalt precursor, i.e., [Co(NH₃)₆](HCO₃)(CO₃)·2H₂O, were treated in a H₂ atmosphere with different parameters. With a sufficient reduction on the cobalt precursor, sphere-like Co-based nanoparticles are obtained, being well aligned in the interior space of the SiO₂ nanotubes. With an insufficient reduction, platelet-like Co-based nanoparticles are formed, being arranged in a random manner inside the SiO₂ nanotubes. The sufficiently reduced Co–SiO₂ nanocomposite exhibits an open hysteresis loop in the low field region (<3 kOe) and a paramagnetic response in high field (>3 kOe) at 300 K. An observed wide separation between the zero-field-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) curves over the whole temperature region has demonstrated a characteristic feature of ferromagnetism with a magnetically anisotropic barrier diverting the easy axis from the axis of the applied field. The predominant factor leading to this anisotropic potential barrier is attributed to the shape anisotropy native to the one-dimensional arrangement of Co-based nanoparticles within the tubular matrix, i.e. SiO₂ nanotubes.