白光干涉双环传感网络理论与实验研究

构造了一种基于双环形拓扑结构的白光干涉光纤传感网络．可用于智能结构中准分布应变或温度的测量。光纤传感网络基于空分多路复用技术(SDM)．目的是增强带载能力．降低单点传感器的测量成本,并借助丁双端口问询技术．增强传感网络的抗毁坏能力。分析了环形网络结构的低相干多路复用原理．根据空分复用的光程匹配条件．推导了传感器干涉信号的强度特性。实验中对连接9个传感器的双环传感网络特征及其抗损坏特性进行了验证．并对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

FBG多功能传感系统集成与应用

为充分发挥光纤光栅(FBG)传感系统复用能力,可同时对传感光路各个传感器的光信号进行有效识别,且为传感器设计和加工提供依据,基于FBG传感原理,从系统集成及复用能力优化的角度,探讨波分复用传感器设计方法,以及节点传感器结构和灵敏度设计原则与标准,并将提出的原则等应用于某实际工程光纤监测系统。传感系统在运行过程中,获得了较为可靠的监测数据,分布式光纤和点式电测技术测试结果相差6%左右,进一步表明临近光纤传感器没有出现传感信号串扰现象,为工程施工和安全维护提供参照。     

基于色散补偿光纤的高速光纤光栅解调方法

本文提出并论证了一种光纤光栅高速解调的新方法, 利用色散补偿光纤的色散效应, 将光纤光栅的波长漂移信息转换成时域信息. 采用脉冲激光器作为光源, 仅需一个光脉冲可获取单根光纤上所有光纤光栅的反射光脉冲, 再根据各个光栅反射回光脉冲的延时变化即可实现波长的解调. 本方法可用于准分布光纤光栅传感网络解调, 系统采用全光纤结构, 无需波长扫描, 大大提高了解调速度. 本文搭建了测试系统进行实验验证, 对3个光纤光栅组成的准分布式传感网络进行了解调, 实验结果表明, 解调出的光纤光栅布喇格波长线性度好, 解调速度最高可达1 MHz, 采样数据取10次平均后解调线性度可达0.9969, 解调误差约为27.8 pm.     

岩层变形检测的光纤光栅多点传感理论与工程应用

为了监测松散地层沉降变形,提出了一种用于钻孔中植入式光纤Bragg光栅传感器(FBG)的结构和传感网络系统.基于室内实验结果,给出了用于岩层变形检测的传感光栅波长带宽为6 nm,分析了多点传感信号分辨因子,山光源带宽决定的测试系统最大实际复用能力为6个传感器.设计并实现了一个由18个光纤光栅组成的具有特色的光纤Bragg光栅波分复用/空分复用混合阵列.工程实践表明,光纤光栅传感系统采用双同路布置.可提高系统下放后光纤光栅传感器的成活率.     

A large capacity sensing network with identical weak fiber Bragg gratings multiplexing

A quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing network with large multiplexing capacity, which is based on identical weak fiber Bragg gratings, is proposed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied. The key technique is the demodulation technology named “Optical wavelength time-domain reflection (OWTDR),” which utilizes the optical power variation of reflected sensing signal in both time domain and wavelength domain. The influence of reflectivity of fiber grating, interval between adjacent gratings and transmission loss of delay fiber on the multiplexing capacity of sensing system are discussed. Analyzed results demonstrate that this sensing scheme can effectively increase the multiplexing capacity of sensing system up to 1000, implement multi-point synchronous measurement and reduce the cost of signal demodulation. 9 Identical weak fiber Bragg gratings with the same Bragg wavelength of 1536.651 nm, reflectivity of 6%, bandwidth of 0.07 nm are written in series to investigate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Fiber Bragg grating-based self-referencing technique for wavelength-multiplexed intensity sensors

An amplitude-phase-conversion self-referencing technique for intensity-modulated photonic sensors that uses two different-wavelength fiber Bragg gratings is presented. With this technique, the system response has been demonstrated to be almost unafffected by network power variations as high as 90% of the total power launched by the source. We prove the multiplexing capability of this type of self-referenced fiber sensor by wavelength-division multiplexing two of them in a star network. A tunable fused biconical wavelength-division multiplexer is used for sensor addressing at the detection block, providing both good isolation and low cross-talk values.     

Multiplexed ladar fiber-optic sensor system

Abstract

Practical considerations in the design of an optically multiplexed ladar fiber-optic linear-position sensing system are discussed, including network architecture, bus fiber count, fault location, sensor separation, and network efficiency. The results of a six-channel multiplexing experiment using a single laser diode are presented.     

Demodulation algorithm for spatial-frequency-division-multiplexed fiber-optic Fizeau strain sensor networks

A demodulation algorithm for spatial-frequency-division-multiplexed fiber-optic Fizeau strain sensor networks with a large number of sensors is proposed to effectively reduce the cross talk between any two adjacent sensors and hence substantially enhance the multiplexing capability of the network, which is based on the Pisarenko algorithm. The cross talk between two fiber-optic Fizeau sensors is investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that a strain accuracy of better than +/-10 micro permittivity can be achieved even when the cavity length difference is approximately 100 microm. It was demonstrated that the multiplexing capability of the spatial-frequency-division-multiplexed fiber-optic Fizeau sensor network can be approximately 5 times greater than that of the conventional fast-Fourier-transform algorithm, and this can lead to achievement of a sensing network with a multiplexing capability of as many as 1000 Fizeau sensors.     

基于LabVIEW的多点串联光纤传感系统设计

设计了一种远程多点光纤传感系统用于大范围对象测量,其结构为一个本地控制节点通过双向光纤链路串联所有远端传感节点。在本地控制节点共享光源、光电检测器等光电器件,并结合虚拟仪器实现数据处理电路;而远端传感节点仅包含敏感元件、无源光器件构成的光路,并能直接实现时分复用。以3节点系统的甲烷气体检测为例进行实验和计算,结果证明该方案能够有效工作,通过循环检测可使首个传感节点的相对误差降至0．2％以下。     

Long-distance fiber Bragg grating sensor system with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio based on a tunable fiber ring laser configuration

A novel tunable fiber ring laser configuration with a combination of bidirectional Raman amplification and dual erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplification is proposed for realizing high optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), long-distance, quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing systems with large capacities and low cost. The hybrid Raman-EDF amplification configuration arranged in the ring laser can enhance the optical SNR of FBG sensor signals significantly owing to the good combination of the high gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the low noise of the Raman amplification. Such a sensing system can support a large number of FBG sensors because of the use of a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter located within the ring laser and spatial division multiplexing for expansion of sensor channels. Experimental results show that an excellent optical SNR of approximately 60 dB has been achieved for a 50 km transmission distance with a low Raman pump power of approximately 170 mW at a wavelength of 1455 nm and a low EDFA pump power of approximately 40 mW at a wavelength of 980 nm, which is the highest optical SNR achieved so far for a 50 km long FBG sensor system, to our knowledge.     

基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调技术

准分布式光纤传感系统在土木工程、能源勘测、航空航天、国防、化工等领域一直发挥着不可替代的重要作用。以微波光子学为基础的准分布式光纤传感解调技术被广泛应用于光纤复用系统的快速、高精度的信号解调与传感器定位。与传统的光学波长解调方案相比,该技术大幅提高了系统的解调速率,弥补了传统解调方法在传感器定位方面的缺陷。本文主要介绍了近年来国内外在基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调领域的研究进展,从光纤光栅准分布式传感系统和光纤法布里-珀罗准分布式传感系统两方面入手,对比分析了现有的数种微波解调光纤准分布式系统的优缺点,并对基于微波光子学的准分布式光纤传感解调技术的未来发展方向进行了总结与展望。     

光纤光栅多参数桥梁结构监测系统的研究

从土木工程应用的实际情况出发,利用光纤光栅传感器具有波长绝对编码和易于复用的特点,提出工程化同时测量温度、应变和压力的全光栅型低成本分布式传感方案。设计了基于连续波调频技术的光纤光栅多参量桥梁结构监测系统,将光频域反射复用与波分复用技术相结合,实现分布式光栅传感网络的寻址,提高了系统复用容量。实验表明：所设计的传感系统能够准确监测结构重要部位的内部应变及车流量等参数,为桥梁结构的静、动载测试提供了准确的数据,同时也为桥梁的工作状态评估和健康诊断提供了依据。     

Multiple fiber Bragg grating interrogation based on a spectrum-limited Fourier domain mode-locking fiber laser

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system based on a spectrum-limited Fourier domain mode-locking (SL-FDML) fiber laser is proposed. Multiple FBGs cascaded in a long fiber are utilized as both the sensors in the system and the wavelength-selected components in the SL-FDML fiber laser. Both wavelength-division multiplexing and spatial-division multiplexing techniques are demonstrated for interrogation of multiple FBGs by mapping the wavelength measurement to the time measurement and by adjusting the driving frequency of the SL-FDML fiber laser. The proposed FBG sensing system, employing techniques of the wavelength- and spatial-domain interrogation of multiple FBGs, can be used in remote and quasi-distributed multipoint sensing.     

基于时分复用和窄波长扫描激光的长距离光纤布喇格光栅传感系统

提出了一种通过提高长距离光纤布喇格光栅传感系统容量,从而实现多传感点参量测量的新方法.采用时分复用、窄波长范围扫描激光方式,将多个中心波长相近的低反射率光纤布喇格光栅放置于系统的不同位置,构成准分布式光纤传感系统,实现了多个传感点参量的同时测量.同时提出了采用掺铒光纤和喇曼混合放大方法来延长传感距离.在系统的中间加入一个喇曼泵浦进行喇曼放大以此补偿光纤布喇格光栅反射的信号,系统末端的掺铒光纤利用前面喇曼泵浦剩余的泵浦功率产生自发辐射光并放大传感信号,使得整个系统的传感距离延长.实验证实：将三只中心波长均在1 580 nm附近,反射率均小于4%的光纤布喇格光栅,分别放置在系统的不同位置,在200 km处获得了15 dB的信噪比,反射信号明显|并且在200 km处的静态应变和温度实验中,线性度均达到了0.999以上.     

基于CDMA的布拉格光纤光栅传感系统的仿真分析

讨论了光纤光栅传感系统中常用的复用技术及其限制,阐述了利用CDMA技术实现光纤布拉格光栅阵列波长解调的复用方式,对系统的原理和性能进行了理论分析。在此基础上通过MATLAB做了基于CDMA的光纤光栅传感仿真分析,仿真结果表明该方法能区分反射波长重叠的光栅,从而提高FBG网络复用的频带利用率。     

Design of multiplexed fiber optic chemical sensing system using clad-removable optical fibers

To prevent possible threats to public safety and economic loss from chemical leakage accidents, novel chemical sensing techniques for regular monitoring and leakage detection have been developed for various fields. We propose a fiber optic liquid chemical sensor (FOCS) system using specialty optical fibers and an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), and is based on the leaky wave mode sensing principle. OTDR enables simple multiplexing where individual sensor nodes along the fiber length could be interrogated by a common OTDR. The sensor node in the optical fiber is prepared by removing the desired length of a protective layer using mechanical stripping and chemical etching techniques. A novel laser stripping technique with superior capability to fabricate quasi-distributed dense sensor nodes is devised as well. The FOCS system is further analyzed to characterize the sensor response behavior in relation to the sensor node length and possible environmental and chemical temperature effect. Under the condition satisfying the leaky wave mode principle and within the minimum acceptable refractive index (RI) range by the system, this FOCS system could monitor numerous liquid chemicals with variable refractive indices and has been tested with positive results. In addition, the system shows the possibility for multi-point detection and is further expanded into a hybrid technique capable of estimating the refractive index range of the detected chemical.     

波分复用串联的布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器

在一定分辨率和响应时间要求下，应用波分复用技术来串联布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器，解决了同时进行传感和通信存在的信号干扰.具体是采用波分复用来隔离传感光信号与通信光信号，同时应用光相干外差接收来分离传感与通信之间的电信号频谱.实现了两台布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器之间的串联，单台传感器的传感距离为25 km，串联后达到50 km.     

光纤光栅多点传感的理论与实验研究

对光纤布拉格光栅多点传感进行了理论研究与实验研究。通过定义多点传感信号分辨因子,分析了探测器对传感信号的分辨条件,给出了多点温度与应变传感原理的数学表达式,并探讨了由光源带宽决定的系统实际复用能力。设计并实现了具有一定特色的光纤布拉格光栅多点传感网络系统,利用该系统对温度、位移进行了双路、多点传感实验分析与理论验证,实验结果与多点传感理论分析相符合。     

Evanescent field-based optical fiber sensing device for measuring the refractive index of liquids in microfluidic channels

We report a simple optical sensing device capable of measuring the refractive index of liquids propagating in microfluidic channels. The sensor is based on a single-mode optical fiber that is tapered to submicrometer dimensions and immersed in a transparent curable soft polymer. A channel for liquid analyte is created in the immediate vicinity of the taper waist. Light propagating through the tapered section of the fiber extends into the channel, making the optical loss in the system sensitive to the refractive-index difference between the polymer and the liquid. The fabrication process and testing of the prototype sensing devices are described. The sensor can operate both as a highly responsive on-off device and in the continuous measurement mode, with an estimated accuracy of refractive-index measurement of approximately 5 x 10(-4).     

基于InGaAs光谱成像技术的光纤光栅传感器在大坝渗流监测系统的应用

为了实现大坝渗流监测,提出了一种采用光谱成像技术的光纤Bragg光栅传感器和多点传感系统。基于室内实验结果,对监测系统可靠性与监测数据准确度进行和多点传感信号分辨因子分析,结果表明:用于坝体温度场检测的光线光栅传感器波长温度响应灵敏度可达0.009 1nm/℃;由光源带宽决定的测试系统可实现多个传感器的复用。实践表明:采用光纤光栅传感系统可进行大坝渗流自动监测,特别是在系统防雷击、抗干扰性方面,与传统仪器相比具有明显优势。