β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以β-环糊精(β-CD)为接枝骨架、DL-丙交酯(DLLA)为接枝单体,三乙胺为催化剂,合成了β-环糊精/聚(DL-丙交酯)接枝共聚物(PCDLA).利用IR、1H-NMR、DSC、WXRD和GPC等方法对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征,测定了共聚物的分子量,并研究了反应投料比对单体转化率(C%)、接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)的影响.结果表明,在三乙胺催化下,DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精能够发生聚合反应得到接枝共聚物,当DL-丙交酯与β-环糊精结构单元的摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为10h时,接枝反应的接枝率(G%)和接枝效率(GE%)可分别达到182·9%和21·4%.随着接枝共聚物中β-环糊精含量的增加,共聚物的亲水性得到了改善.     

纳米羟基磷灰石-聚(己内酯-丙交酯)共聚物复合材料

通过纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)的羟基引发ε-已内酯(ε-CL)开环聚合,再接枝不同量的丙交酯(LA),制备了HA-P(CL-LA)复合材料.采用TEM、FT-IR、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR等对复合物的结构进行了表征.结果表明:HA在复合物中的分散较均匀,并且保持了原来的针状或棒状形貌;共聚物中n(ε-CL)/n(LA)随着单体投料中n(ε-CL)/n(LA)的增加而增加;样品在制备过程中没有发生丙交酯与己内酯之间的酯交换,只发生了丙交酯自身的酯交换,共聚物中丙交酯链段主要以全同序列为主.     

内环化聚(β-氨基酯)的制备与生物物理性能

拓扑结构对聚合物性能具有重要影响.本文通过调控聚合条件制备内环化聚(β-氨基酯)并探究其生物物理性能.以三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)和4-吗啉丙胺(MPA)为单体并控制其投料比及体系单体浓度,利用迈克尔加成反应制备了两种内环化聚(β-氨基酯).使用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等对内环化聚(β-氨基酯)的化学组成、拓扑结构和生物物理性能进行表征与分析.结果表明,随着环化度的增加,聚(β-氨基酯)对DNA压缩能力增强,降解速率加快,质子缓冲能力提高,细胞毒性增大.本文研究结果为制备和表征内环化聚(β-氨基酯)提供了新思路,也为设计有效的基因递送载体提供了依据.     

锌配合物催化ε-己内酯/L-丙交酯共聚制备环状和线形嵌段共聚酯

以空气稳定的含苯并咪唑基吡啶醇配体的氯化锌配合物为催化剂,与甲基锂相结合,在有无苄醇引发的情况下,分别研究了L-丙交酯(L-LA)的均聚反应以及L-丙交酯和ε-己内酯(ε-CL)的共聚反应.L-丙交酯的均聚反应与ε-己内酯的均聚反应相似,具有较高的聚合活性;聚合物的结构分析结果表明,在聚合体系中有无苄醇存在的情况下,分别得到以线形和环状聚丙交酯(PLA)为主的聚合产物;而加入苄醇后聚合物的分子量降低,分子量分布变窄.在L-丙交酯和ε-己内酯均聚反应的基础上,对2种单体的共聚反应进行了研究.通过顺序加料法,调节ε-CL/L-LA的起始投料比,在有无苄醇存在下,分别制备了一系列不同ε-CL/L-LA比例的线形和环状嵌段共聚物,对均聚物和共聚物的结构和热性能进行了表征.     

甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯三元共聚物的合成与表征

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA),丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,十二硫醇(DT)为链转移剂,通过溶液聚合法合成了甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(MAA-BA-GMA)三元共聚物,其结构和性能经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,GPC,DSC和TGA表征.通过调节AIBN和DT的用量可控制MAA-BA-GMA的分子量在7 900～23 700.热分析数据结果表明,MAA-BA-GMA具有良好的柔性;分解温度为429℃～440℃.     

AB型两亲聚L-谷氨酸-苄酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

利用L 谷氨酸和苯甲醇反应制备了L 谷氨酸 苄酯 ,然后将其与三聚光气反应制备了N 羧基 L 谷氨酸 环内酸酐 (NCA) .以聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG)为原料 ,制备了端氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚 (MPEG NH2 ) ,并以此作为引发剂 ,引发NCA开环聚合 ,合成了不同分子量的聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯 聚乙二醇单甲醚 (PBGM )嵌段共聚物 .利用IR、1 H NMR、DSC、GPC等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征 .结果表明 ,MPEG NH2 引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物 ,通过1 H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量 ;随着共聚物中MPEG含量的增高 ,聚L 谷氨酸 苄酯的亲水性有所改善     

单分散树脂键合手性配体交换色谱固定相拆分DL-氨基酸

以单分散交联聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯-甲基丙烯酸乙二醇双酯(PGMA/EDMA)树脂为基质合成了L-脯氨酸键合手性配体交换固定相,并用于DL-氨基酸的直接光学拆分,考察了流动相pH值、金属离子浓度、流速及温度等因素对DL-氨基酸对映体拆分的影响。结果表明,该固定相在配体交换色谱模式下可对多对DL-氨基酸进行良好的拆分。     

由活性大分子环状前体合成环状聚ε-己内酯接枝聚L-乳酸

由2,2-二丁基-2-锡-1,3-二氧环庚烷引发ε-己内酯开环聚合制得环状聚ε-己内酯(3);3与活性单体α-(1-丙烯酰氧乙基)-ε己内酯反应,合成了活性环状聚ε-己内酯(5);5在UV辐照下发生分子内交联反应制得活性大分子引发剂6;6引发L-丙交酯接枝共聚合制得环状聚ε-己内酯接枝聚L-乳酸,其结构经NMR,SEC和DSC表征。     

具有光引发活性RAFT链转移剂的合成与应用

以4-溴甲基二苯甲酮,3-巯基丙酸和二硫化碳为原料合成了RAFT链转移剂——3-(4-苯甲酰基苯基甲硫基硫代羰基硫基)丙酸(2),产率91.5%,其结构经NMR,IR和元素分析表征。以2为RAFT链转移剂和光引发剂,通过甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯的乳液聚合制得反应性聚甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯。     

生物可降解封堵器材料的合成及表征

以L型丙交酯(LLA)、乙交酯(GA)和三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)为原料,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,通过开环聚合制备了丙交酯-三亚甲基碳酸酯二元共聚物(PLT)和丙交酯-三亚甲基碳酸酯-乙交脂(PLTG)三元共聚物。采用核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶红外光谱、体积排阻色谱、差热扫描、力学性能测试、血液相容性实验表征了产物的结构与性能,研究了共聚物组成对其结晶能力、热性能和力学性能的的影响。结果表明:所得聚合物的数均分子量均在8×10~4以上,多分散系数在2.0以下。共聚物中的TMC和GA链段使其结晶能力、玻璃化转变温度和拉伸强度与L型聚丙交酯相比均有所下降。三元共聚物PLTG的拉伸强度可达到22.3 MPa,断裂伸长率达到168.7%。另外,共聚物的血液相容性优良。     

Synthesis and hydrolytic degradation of aliphatic polycarbonate based on dihydroxyacetone

The six-membered cyclic carbonate monomer, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,3-propanediol carbonate based on dihydroxyacetone with methanol ketal protected carbonyl group, was prepared by a two-step reaction including protection and ring-closing, starting from dihydroxyacetone. The ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethoxy-1,3-propanediol carbonate was carried out in bulk at 110–140°C initiated by stannous octanoate to give polycarbonate, poly(2,2-dimethoxypropane-1,3-diol carbonate). The effects of different reaction conditions including different catalyst, reaction temperature, molar ratio of monomer to initiator and polymerization time on the polymerization were investigated. Polycarbonate was obtained with the yield of 58.9–91.0%. The number average molecular weight of polycarbonate was in the range of 1.43 × 10⁴ to 13.82 × 10⁴ with polydispersity indexes from 1.31 to 1.91. The protecting ketal group was partly removed by hydrolysis using 50% trifluroacetic acid as a catalyst to give a functional polycarbonate containing 70% ketone carbonyl group, which improved the hydrophilicity of initial polycarbonate. The in vitro degradation tests were carried out in a phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.4 at 37°C, which showed that the modified polycarbonate degraded completely after 5 days.     

二氧化碳基脂肪族聚碳酸酯的功能化研究进展

简要介绍了二氧化碳基塑料的工业化进程,同时针对当前二氧化碳共聚物结构中缺少可反应基团、难以进行化学修饰导致的品种和功能单一、亲水性差等问题,介绍了二氧化碳基脂肪族聚碳酸酯的功能化研究进展,主要包括侧链含有双键、碳酸酯键和液晶基团的侧基功能化二氧化碳共聚物的合成与性能研究,以及二氧化碳共聚物的亲水性调制和刺激响应行为探索,试图为丰富二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯结构和性能提供借鉴.     

In-chain functionalization through the combination of ring opening copolymerization and oxime “Click” reaction towards X-ray opaque polylactide copolymers

X-ray imaging functionalization of biodegradable polyesters is a great demand and challenge in biomedical applications.In this work,a strategy of in-chain functionalization through the combination of ring opening copolymerization and oxime "Click" postfunctionalization was developed towards X-ray opaque polylactide copolymers.A functionalized cyclic carbonate was first synthesized and used as comonomer of polylactide copolymers,which were subjected to postfunctionalization of oxime "Click" reaction towards iodinated polylactide copolymers.The chemical structure and physical properties of the target products were traced and confirmed.In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation with 3T3-Swiss albino by Alamar blue demonstrated a low cytotoxicity.The X-ray radiopacity was analyzed by Micro-CT and quantified by Hounsfield Units value,which could be tailorable by the feedstock.It is a promising X-ray visible implantable biomaterial in biomedical applications.     

Functional polyesters prepared by polymerization of α‐allyl(valerolactone) and its copolymerization with ε‐caprolactone and δ‐valerolactone

We report the ring‐opening homopolymerization of α‐allyl(valerolactone), compound 2 , and its copolymerization with ε‐caprolactone and δ‐valerolactone using stannous(II) catalysis. Although the polymerization of substituted δ‐valerolactones has received little attention for the preparation of functional polyesters, we found that compound 2 may be incorporated in controllable amounts into copolymers with other lactones, or simply homopolymerized to give a highly functionalized, novel poly(valerolactone). The presence of the pendant allyl substituent had a substantial impact on the thermal properties of these materials relative to conventional polyesters prepared from lactones, and most of the polymers presented here are liquids at room temperature. Dihydroxylation of the pendant allyl groups gave polyesters with increased hydrophilicity that degraded more or less rapidly depending on their extent of functionality. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1983–1990, 2002     

Radical Copolymerization of Vinyl Ethers and Cyclic Ketene Acetals as a Versatile Platform to Design Functional Polyesters

Free‐radical copolymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) and vinyl ethers (VEs) was investigated as an efficient yet simple approach for the preparation of functional aliphatic polyesters. The copolymerization of CKA and VE was first predicted to be quasi‐ideal by DFT calculations. The theoretical prediction was experimentally confirmed by the copolymerization of 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) and butyl vinyl ether (BVE), leading to r _MDO=0.73 and r _BVE=1.61. We then illustrated the versatility of this approach by preparing different functional polyesters: 1) copolymers functionalized by fluorescent probes; 2) amphiphilic copolymers grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains able to self‐assemble into PEGylated nanoparticles; 3) antibacterial films active against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria (including a multiresistant strain); and 4) cross‐linked bioelastomers with suitable properties for tissue engineering applications.     

Studies on the Cure Reaction and Relationship between Network Structure/Thermal Properties of Styrene Copolymers Based on Adypic/Sebacic Acid Modified Unsaturated (Epoxy) Polyesters

The studies on the relationship between network structure/thermal properties of styrene copolymers based on adypic/sebacic acid modified unsaturated (epoxy) polyesters cured using different hardeners as well as the course of the cure reaction of polyesters with styrene have been presented. The adypic/sebacic acid modified unsaturated polyesters (UP) prepared from 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (THPA), maleic anhydride (MA), adypic acid (AA) or sebacic acid (SA) and ethylene glycol (EG) and their epoxy derivatives: adypic/sebacic acid modified unsaturated epoxy polyesters (UEP) were subjected to the cure process with styrene using diacyl peroxide: benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or the mixture of BPO/suitable acid anhydride: 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (THPA) or glutaric anhydride (GA). Thermal properties were evaluated by means of DSC, TG and DMA analyses. It was proved that studied properties were significantly depended on polyester's structure and the type of applied curing system. Generally, higher values of E'_20°C, tgδ_max, E”, ν_e, IDT, T_k for styrene copolymers based on UEP were obtained. It was connected with more cross-linked polymer network structure due to the possible copolymerization reaction of carbon-carbon double bonds of polyester with styrene and additional polyaddition of epoxy to anhydride groups or thermal curing of epoxy groups. The additional connections between polyester's chains led to obtain more stiff and thermal stable polymeric materials. Moreover, the increase of saturated aliphatic acid's chain length in polyester backbone caused the decrease of E'_20°C, tgδ_max, E”, ν_e, IDT, T_k values of styrene copolymers. It suggested that copolymers based on polyesters prepared from acid containing more methylene groups in their structure were characterized by more flexible polymer network due to the “laxity” effect of aliphatic chains.     

The influence of chemical modification of unsaturated polyesters on viscoelastic properties and thermal behavior of styrene copolymers

The influence of chemical modification of unsaturated polyesters on viscoelastic properties and thermal behavior of styrene copolymers has been investigated by DMA and TG analyses. Chemical modification of unsaturated polyesters obtained in polycondensation of cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (THPA), maleic anhydride (MA) and suitable glycol: diethylene glycol (DEG) or triethylene glycol (TEG) was performed using 38–40% peracetic acid. It allowed to selective and successful oxidation of carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated polyesters giving modified unsaturated polyesters/unsaturated epoxypolyesters/containing both carbon-carbon double bonds in polyester chain and new functional groups-epoxy groups in cycloaliphatic rings. Both unsaturated polyesters and unsaturated epoxypolyesters were used as a component of styrene copolymers cured with different hardeners. It has been demonstrated that the use of modified unsaturated polyesters as a component of styrene copolymers allowed obtaining more stiffness and more cross-linked network structure compared to styrene copolymers based on unmodified polyesters. The higher values of storage modulus, glass transition temperatures and better thermal stability for styrene copolymers based on unsaturated epoxypolyesters were obtained.     

Novel functionalization routes of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)

The aluminum alkoxide mediated ring opening polymerization of functional lactones, such as γ‐ethylene ketal‐ϵ‐caprolactone (TOSUO), γ‐(triethylsilyloxy)‐ϵ‐caprolactone (SCL) and γ‐bromo‐ϵ‐caprolactone (γBrCL), is a versatile route to polyesters containing ketal, ketone, alcohol and bromide groups. As result of living polyaddition mechanism, random and block copolymerization of ϵCL and γBrCL has been successfully carried out. The reactivity ratios are quite similar (1.08 for ϵ‐CL, and 1.12 for γBrCL). These random copolymers are semicrystalline when they contain less than 30 mol% of γBrCL, otherwise they are amorphous. No transesterification reaction occurs during the sequential polymerization of ϵ‐CL and γBrCL leading to block copolymers. Reaction of poly(ϵCL‐co‐γBrCL) with pyridine provides quantitatively a polycationic polyester. Furthermore, the reaction of this random copolymer with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is a route to unsaturated polyesters, whose the non conjugated double bonds can be quantitatively converted into epoxides by reaction with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). No chain degradation is detected during these derivatization reactions of poly(ϵCL‐co‐γBrCL).     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ɛ-caprolactone-co-ethylene glycol) star-type amphiphilic copolymers by “click” chemistry and ring-opening polymerization

Abstract

The synthesis of poly(?-caprolactone-co-ethylene glycol) AAB star-type amphiphilic copolymers were carried out by use of a “click” chemistry reaction to block propargyl polyethylene glycol (propargyl-PEG) to terminally azide poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL-N₃). For this purpose, propargyl-PEG was synthesized by the reaction of PEGs (3000?Da, 2000?Da, 1500?Da, and 1000?Da) and propargyl chloride. Terminally chloride poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL-Cl) was carried out by means of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ?-caprolactone (CL) and 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. Synthesis of PCL-N₃ was obtained by the chemical interaction of PCL-Cl and sodium azide. By reacting propargyl-PEG and PCL-N₃, the star-type amphiphilic copolymers were obtained. The characterization of products was accomplished by using multiple instruments including ¹H-NMR, FT-IR, GPC, TGA, contact angles, and elemental analysis techniques.     

Cationic copolymerization of isobutene and conjugated small-ring dienes

1-Methyl-3-methylenecyclobutene (MMCB) and 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane (DMCB) copolymerized readily with isobutene with aluminum chloride as initiator in methyl chloride solution at temperatures from ?95 to ?78°C. No polymers were obtained with methylenecyclobutene (MCB) under similar conditions. The copolymerization of MMCB with isobutene took place through a 1,5-addition reaction while that of DMCB through both 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions. Large amounts of gel were present in the copolymers obtained from DMCB if the reaction was carried to high conversion. The commonly observed effects of dienes (i.e., rate retardation and molecular weight depression) on cationic copolymerization reactions were observed but to a much higher degree with these small ring dienes. The thermal crosslinking behavior of the resulting copolymers was investigated. In conjunction with the copolymerization studies, homopolymers of MMCB, DMCB, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-isopropylidene-2-methylenecyclobutane (IMCB) were prepared and their chemical structures examined.