儿童反复呼吸道感染与发锌、铁、铜、钙关系分析

为了解反复呼吸道感染与头发微量元素的关系,测定了52例易感儿及41例健康儿童发锌,铁,铜,钙含量,结果显示,易感儿发锌含量极显著低于健康组（P＜0．01）,发钙偏低,0．05＞P＞0．01,发铁,铅含 量基本正常,两组无显著差异,本研究表明儿童反复呼吸道感染与缺锌,缺钙有关。     

中山市1387名青年学生头发微量元素检测与分析

为了探讨中山市青年学生头发中的微量元素含量,测定了该市来自三个学校的1387名青年学生头发中的锌、铁、铜、钙、阵、锰、铅含量。结果表明,女生与男生的头发锌含量有显著差异（P＜0．05）,女生与男生的头发中钙含量有高度显著差异（P＜0．001）;城区与乡镇的青年学生头发中钙、铜含量有高度显著性差异（P＜001）;父母文化程度高与父母文化低的青年学生头发中钙含量有高度显著性差异（P＜0．01）;在青年学生的年龄、性别、家庭、居住地区等不同的比较中,以发钙值含量差异显著性最高。提示青年学生应注意饮食营养均衡,补充必需的微量元素,加强体育锻炼,对提高体系有一定的意义。     

老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期病人头发微量元素的测定与分析

为观察老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期头发中微量元素的变化,测定了50例老年慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者和40例正常对照组头发中锌、铁、铜、钙、锰、铅6种元素含量。结果表明,慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者发中锌、铁、铜、钙含量明显低正常对照组（P＜0．01）。提示头发中微量元素减少与慢性支气管炎易反复感染有一定的关系。     

儿童营养不良与微量元素的相关性研究

为了解儿童营养不良与微量元素锌、铜、铁和锰的关系 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了 5 2例营养不良患儿头发微量元素含量。结果表明 :( 1 )不同类型的营养不良患儿之间发锌、铜、铁、锰含量无明显差别 (P >0 0 5 )。 ( 2 )营养不良患儿发锌、铜、铁、锰含量明显低于正常儿童 ,差异有极显著性或显著性 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。 ( 3 )营养不良患儿补充微量元素后 ,发锌、铜、铁、锰含量明显高于补充微量元素前 ,差异有极显著性或显著性 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。 ( 4 ) 5 2例营养不良患儿经补充微量元素后 ,随访 3个月后体格生长的变化 ,恢复正常者占 82 7% ,体重增长不明显者占 1 7 3 %。提示营养不良患儿往往伴有严重的微量元素缺乏 ,治疗营养不良时要注意微量元素的补充。     

肝豆状核变性病患者头发微量元素的含量分析

为了解肝豆状核变性患者头发微量元素的含量，以及微量元素与肝豆状核变性病的关系，用火焰原子吸收分光光度计分别测定了患者和健康者头发的铜、锌、钙、铁的含量。结果表明，患病组头发与健康头发铜、锌、铁含量均在正常范围，无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而患者头发钙含量明显低于健康组头发含量，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。可见患者发铜、锌、铁含量测定对肝豆状核变性病临床诊断没有意义，而发钙与肝豆状核变性病有密切关系，能反映患者体内钙代谢情况，提示患者排铜治疗的同时应及时补钙。     

下呼吸道感染与微量元素的变化

对３４例下呼吸道感染患儿及３０例健康儿童进行了血，发微量元素锌，铁，铜和常量元素钙的测定。疾病组发锌低于对照组，差异非常显著。疾病组血铁低于对照组，男组差异非常显著，女组差异显著。而血和发的钙，铜，含量及发铁两组间均无显著差异。故对反复发作的喘息性支气管炎和哮喘患儿适当补充锌制剂是需要的。     

174例男性不育症患者精浆微量元素检测与分析

检测了174例男性不育症患者精浆锌、铁、铅、钙、镁等五种微量元素,以探讨不育症患者精浆微量元素含量与精液质量的关系。结果显示：（1）粘稠性精液组精浆锌含量显著低于正常粘度精液组（P＜0．01）,精浆钙含量低于正常度精液组（P＜0．05）,铁、铅、镁含量无差异（P＜0．05）。（2）无精子及少精子症组精浆铁、钙含量高于精子密度正常组（P＜0．01）,铜含量低于精子密度正常组（P＜0．01）,锌、镁含量无差异（P＜0．05）。（3）精子活动率低下组与正常组浆微量元素含量无差异（P＜0．05）。提示精浆锌、铁、铅、钙等微量元素含量改变是影响精液质量的重要原因之一。精浆镁含量与精液质量似无明显关系。     

反复呼吸道感染儿童发锌和血清IgA的分析

用火焰原子吸收法检测了反复呼吸道感染儿童头发中锌的含量，用放免法检测血清IgA的含量。结果表明，患病组儿童的发锌值和血清IgA值均低于正常组儿童（P＜0．05）。患儿经补锌治疗1年后，总有效率达82．1％，发锌及血清IgA含量均增加，表明缺锌所导致的IgA含量下降，呼吸道粘膜分泌IgA缺乏是儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一，补充锌可有效提高患儿的免疫力，治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染。     

微量元素变化对反复呼吸道感染的影响

检测了240例反复呼吸道感染患儿血微量元素含量。结果表明,反复呼吸道感染患儿血锌、铁、钙低于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铅高于正常对照组(P<0.01);血铜、镁两组相当,差异不显著(P<0.05)。提示反复呼吸道感染患儿体内存在锌、铁、钙元素缺乏及铅含量升高。     

广州员村地区0—6岁健康儿童头发微量元素分析

为观察不同年龄、性别健康儿童微量元素之间的关系，对广州员村地区７５４名０￣６岁儿童进行了头发微量元素锌、铁、铜以及宏量元素钙测定。结果表明：新生儿发锌明显高于其他年龄组；６个月￣１岁儿童发锌、铁、钙均低于其他年龄组，与各年龄组比较有显著差异；５￣６头儿童发铜低于其他年龄组，且女童发铜、钙高于男童（Ｐ〈０．０５），提示在不同年龄、性别儿童之间头发微量元素含量存在一定差异。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.