流体力学发展的五个时期

以丰实的史料划分并论述了流体力学发展五个时期的情况,系统介绍了我国从古代到现代对流体力学的贡献,阐述了流体力学的研究及其与现代化建设的关系。     

仿真转台机械回转精度对测量精度的影响分析

仿真转台机械回转精度主要受轴承、台体形变和安装等造成的误差的影响,它们同编码器自身的误差一同决定了测角误角。因此作主要针对Ｕ型框架分析了回转精度对测角精度的影响,经过理论分析和实验研究发现了其中影响测角精度的主要原因,并提出了调整方法。     

边界元中奇异核的一种有效数值积分法

本文用一般的Laguerre-Gauss积分公式来计算在边界元中常用奇异核的数值积分....     

激波致伤的流体力学模型

本文从激波和人体组织相互作用的流体力学现象出发,提出和分析了激波致伤的四个流体动力学模型,即激波与不同密度的物质相互作用模型、气泡坍缩模型。激波作用下组织的表面形成射流模型和激波加速人体形成界面不稳定性模型。这几种模型是在激波和人体器官相互作用的复杂过程中引起原发性冲击伤的重要机制。     

结构动力学方程数值积分的三参数算法

本文提出计算结构动力响应的三参数单步数值积分法,它具有无条件稳定性质,并具有合适的算法阻尼.通过分析及与其他数值积分法比较,说明本文算法的精度有所提高.     

数值积分法求解厚壁筒的动态应力强度因子

用数值积分法求解了厚壁筒表面裂纹的动态应力强度因子，其结果与有限元的计算结果作了比较，表明该方法简单有效，对工程应用极有参考价值     

现代流体力学发展的回顾与展望

回顾流体力学发展的历史。概述迄今在其各个分支领域中已取得的主要成就以及力学大师,中国老一辈科学家的重要贡献。分析不同时期的发展特点,尤其是近３０年来,由于计算流体力学日臻成熟,非线性力学取得重大进展,新兴学科分支不断涌现,形成了现代流体力学的发展阶段。展望在２１世纪,流体力学的基础研究和应用研究必将在经济建设和社会发展的各个方面发挥重要作用。      

基于高精度数值积分的结构顺风向风振计算

对于采用Davenport风谱作为脉动风荷载功率谱密度函数的结构风振计算,建立一种适合高精度数值积分的计算格式,采用高精度的龙贝格求积法计算结构顺风向风振响应的数值解,并认为此解可以作为理论解的良好逼近;以本文的数值积分解作为比较依据,检验了基于背景分量共振分量的结构风振计算方法的精确度和适用性。     

伽辽金型无网格法的数值积分方法

无网格法直接通过节点信息构造形函数,不依赖于节点之间的有序单元连接,能够建立任意高阶连续的整体协调形函数.与传统的有限元法相比,无网格法对大变形问题、移动边界问题和高阶问题的求解有比较明显的优势.伽辽金型无网格法是目前应用最为广泛的一类无网格法.虽然无网格形函数本身不依赖于单元,但伽辽金型无网格法需要采取合适的方法进行弱形式的数值积分.由于无网格形函数一般不是多项式,具有非插值性且影响域与背景积分网格通常不重合,伽辽金型无网格法通常需要采用高阶的高斯积分进行数值积分,导致了计算效率低下,难于求解大型实际问题.因此,如何通过建立高效积分方法提高无网格法的计算效率成为无网格法研究领域的一个核心问题.论文总结了伽辽金型无网格法中若干常用的数值积分方法,并对伽辽金型无网格法的数值积分方法领域存在的一些问题进行了探讨.     

A numerical continuous model for the hydrodynamics of fluid particle systems

In order to understand the hydrodynamic interactions that can appear in a fluid particle motion, an original method based on the equations governing the motion of two immiscible fluids has been developed. These momentum equations are solved for both the fluid and solid phases. The solid phase is assumed to be a fluid phase with physical properties, such as its behaviour can be assimilated to that of pseudo‐rigid particles. The only unknowns are the velocity and the pressure defined in both phases. The unsteady two‐dimensional momentum equations are solved by using a staggered finite volume formulation and a projection method. The transport of each particle is solved by using a second‐order explicit scheme. The physical model and the numerical method are presented, and the method is validated through experimental measurements and numerical results concerning the flow around a circular cylinder. Good agreement is observed in most cases. The method is then applied to study the trajectory of one settling particle initially off‐centred between two parallel walls and the corresponding wake effects. Different particle trajectories related to particulate Reynolds numbers are presented and commented. A two‐body interaction problem is investigated too. This method allows the simulation of the transport of particles in a dilute suspension in reasonable time. One of the important features of this method is the computational cost that scales linearly with the number of particles. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瞬态热传导问题的精细积分数值流形方法研究

数值流形方法（NMM）因其特有的双覆盖系统（数学覆盖和物理覆盖）在域离散方面具有独特的优势,而精细时间积分法则具有精度高、无条件稳定、无振荡以及计算结果不依赖于时间步长等特点。发展了用于研究二维瞬态热传导问题的精细积分NMM。结合待求问题的控制方程和边界条件,并基于修正变分原理导出了NMM的总体方程,给出了求解此类时间相依方程的精细时间积分及空间积分策略,选取了两个典型算例对方法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明本文方法可以高效高精度地求解瞬态热传导问题。     

Implementation and performance of the time integration of a 3D numerical transport model

The total solution of a three-dimensional model for computing the transport of salinity, pollutants, suspended material (such as sediment or mud), etc. in shallow seas involves many aspects, each of which has to be treated in an optimal way in order to cope with the tremendous computational task involved. In this paper we focus on one of these aspects, i.e. on the time integration, and discuss two numerical solution methods. The emphasis in this paper is on the performance of the methods when implemented on a vector/parallel, shared memory computer such as a Cray-type machine. The first method is an explicit time integrator and can straightforwardly be vectorized and parallelized. Although a stabilizing technique has been applied to this method, it still suffers from a severe time step restriction. The second method is partly implicit, resulting in much beter stability characteristics; however, as a consequence of the implicitness, it requires in each step the solution of a large number of tridiagonal systems. When implemented in a standard way, the recursive nature would prevent vectorization, resulting in a very long solution time. Following a suggestion of Golub and Van Loan, this part of the algorithm has been tuned for use on the Cray C98/4256. On the basis of a large-scale test problem, performance results will be presented for various implementations.     

The numerical simulation of turbulent flows of Newtonian and a sort of non-Newtonian fluid in 180-degree square sectioned bend

Using k-εmodel of turbulence and measured wall functions.turbulent flows ofNewtonian(pure water)and a sort of non-Newtonian fluid(dilute,drag-reduction solutionof polymer in a180-degree curved bend were simulated numerically.The calculated resultsagreed well with the measured velocity profiles.On the basis of calculation andmeasurement,appropriateness of turbulence model to complicated flow in which the large-scale vortex exists was analyzed and discussed.     

Determination of elastic and plastic mechanical properties of dentin based on experimental and numerical studies

The aim of this study is to investigate the change of mechanical properties of human dentin due to aging and spatial variation. Sections of coronal dentin are made from human molars in three groups: young, mid-aged, and old patients. A nanoindentation test is conducted from regions near the pulp to the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) to evaluate the load-depth indentation response and determine Young's modulus and hardness. Based on the loading and unloading load-displacement curves in nanoindentation, a numerical model of plastic damage is used to study the plastic and the damage behaviors and the contribution to the degradation in the unloading stiffness. The experimental results show that Young's modulus of the inner dentin is significantly lower than that of outer dentin in each age group. Compared with the young dentin, the old dentin has greater hardness and Young's modulus with similar spatial variations. The magnitudes of the yield strength and the damage variable are also affected by aging and vary with spatial locations. In the same age group, the yield strength in inner dentin is lower than those in middle and outer dentin, more damage occurs with similar spatial variations, and the yield strength of young dentin is generally lower and causes more damage compared with those in both the mid-aged and old groups.     

影响无网格方法求解精度的因素分析

基于移动最小二乘法的无网格方法的计算精度除受到节点的分布密度和基底函数的阶次影响外，还受到其它因素的影响，其中权函数的选取、权函数影响域的大小及位移边界条件的引入对计算精度影响较大。本文分析了几种常用权函数在数值计算时的特点，包括计算精度、收敛情况、计算效率等，同时分析了影响域大小及边界条件的引入对计算精度的影响。通过分析给出了确定权函数及其影响域大小的方法。当受约束的自由度较多时，通过配点法引入位移边界条件会引起计算结果的振荡，通过施加稳定项可以消除振荡现象，通过对带孔方板的受力分析证明了其可行性。应用以上结论对J23—10曲柄压力机机身进行了受力分析，应力集中部位的计算结果得到了较高的精度。     

Large scale numerical simulations for multi-phase fluid dynamics with moving interfaces

This short communication presents our recent studies to implement numerical simulations for multi-phase flows on top-ranked supercomputer systems with distributed memory architecture. The numerical model is designed so as to make full use of the capacity of the hardware. Satisfactory scalability in terms of both the parallel speed-up rate and the size of the problem has been obtained on two high rank systems with massively parallel processors, the Earth Simulator (Earth simulator research center, Yokohama Kanagawa, Japan) and the TSUBAME (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan) supercomputers.     

Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Sisko fluid in annular pipe: A numerical study

This paper presents a numerical study for the unsteady flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Sisko fluid in annular pipe. The fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. Based on the constitutive relationship of a Sisko fluid, the non‐linear equation governing the flow is first modelled and then numerically solved. The effects of the various parameters especially the power index n, the material parameter of the non‐Newtonian fluid b and the magnetic parameter B on the flow characteristics are explored numerically and presented through several graphs. Moreover, the shear‐thinning and shear‐thickening characteristics of the non‐Newtonian Sisko fluid are investigated and a comparison is also made with the Newtonian fluid. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the arbitrary difference precise integration method and its numerical stability

IntroductionManyproblemsencounteredinengineeringpracticeandotherdisciplinescanbesummarizedintoPDEssuchasosmosis,diffusion,heatconduction,wavepropagation,etc.ItisthenofvitalsignificancehowtosolvePDEsbothrapidlyandefficiently,ThenumericalsolutionsofPDEsarecustomarilyobtainedbythefiniteelementmethod(FEM),thefinitedifferencemethod(FDM)!and.the,,[l'2).Thesemethods,however,showtheirdemeritsforlargercomputationaldomains.AsforFEM,thevastnumberofunknownscausedbyspacecoordinatediscretizationlead…