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蒋明谦等曾提出了一种计算诱导效应指数的方案,用于讨论非共轭化合物.这种计算方案在蒋明谦的另一本专著中,又得到了进一步的推广.与过去一般都是以成键元素电负性差值来估计键极性的方法不同,诱导效应指数是用各原子的电负性分数来估计一个共价键上极性状态的.计算这种指数的基础是这种基团的原子的电负性及其共价半径.诱导效应指 相似文献
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本文用量子化学CNDO/2方案计算,取文献中吡咯骨架原子的结构参数,再优化锂嵌入聚吡咯的几何参数.结果表明不管是Li+离子还是中性Li原子,嵌入单个吡咯上还是嵌入两个吡咯之间,它与吡咯环四个碳原子平面的距离都为0.210到0.216nm.且锂与碳原子键合,形成多中心键,锂嵌入聚吡咯后,固有的Ca=Cs双键的键级和键能明显减弱.这与前一报中发现IR谱的1560cm-1吸收峰消失相一致.锂正离子嵌入聚吡咯后,使吡咯的前沿π*空轨道的能量由正变为负值,而成为电子接受体(正极).遍及全部聚吡咯的π*LUMO和HOMO使得聚吡咯呈现导电性能. 相似文献
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The adsorption of NH3 on (AO)3SiO*HAl(OA)2OSi(OA)3 cluster from the structure of site (VI) of mordenite Zeolite has been calculated by an adsorption model of hydrogen-bond form, quantum chemical method, CNDO/2 scheme. Variations of adsorption distance between NH3 and O* in the cluster were directly related to initial adsorption heats of NH3 on O*H group, jump frequency of the proton between NH3 and O* and frequency shift of IR band with O*H group. Adsorption distance of NH3 on O*H group has been calculated, the range was about 2.5 to 2.75A, and the most favourable adsorption distance with strong acid strength was 2.5A. It was related to the maximum initial adsorption heat which was 33.80 kcal/mol, the lowest activation energy of proton mobility between NH3 ane O*, and the largest frequency shift of IR bands with O*H group. This result qualitatively corresponded to experimental observations. It showed that the various representations of acidic strength are equivalent to each other which could be explained on basis of adsorptin model of hydrogen bond form. 相似文献
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芳香族硝基炸药感度和安定性的量子化学研究I.苯胺类硝基衍生物 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用HMO 和CNDO/2方法, 研究了二十多种苯胺类硝基衍生物的安定性. 随着分子中C-NO2 键级的增大, 其撞击感度减小丶热它定性增强. 以孤立双键为参考基准的离域能判据, 不能反映分子中基团位置对称定性的影响; 它的运用只能局限在基团相互位置影响不大的共轭体系中, 作为本系列化合物它性的影响; 它的运用只能局限在基团相互位置影响不大的共轭体系中.作为本系列化合物它定性的判据, C-NO2 键级较通常的离域能更为适用和直观; C-NO2 键级判据也符合炸药起爆和热分解机理, 且与Delpuech 的 判据相一致. 相似文献
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本文采用引入外电场微扰的量子化学方法计算了直链共轭多烯H(-CH=CH-)~nH(n=1, 2, …, 15)电子的极化率。取乙烯电子的极化率α(1)为参照值, 首次运用关系式α(n)=α(n).α(1).n分析了系列多烯σ, π和全价电子的极化率随n增大的变化规律, 结果表明, 随着n的增大, α^σ(n)始终接近于1, 即有α^σ(n)=α^σ(1)n; 而α^π(n)开始增大明显, 然后增幅逐渐降低, 当n达某一值n~0后趋于一极限, 即有: nα^π(n-1), 当n≥n~0后, α^π(n)=α^π(n~0).α^π(1).n; 合价电子情况同π电子, 文中用电子分布重心的位移图象描述了这一结论。 相似文献
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Chenyang Zhao Xiaoju Yin Zhikun Guo Dan Zhao Guiye Yang Aosai Chen Lishuang Fan Yu Zhang Naiqing Zhang 《中国化学快报》2021,32(7):2254-2258
Lithium metal has a very outstanding theoretical capacity(3860 mAh/g) and is one of the most superior anode materials for high energy density batteries.However,the uncontrollable dendrite growth and the fo rmation of dead lithium are the important hidden dangers of short cycle life and low safety.However,the uncontrollable dendrite growth and the fo rmation of dead lithium leads to short cycle life and hidden dange r,which hinder its practical application.Controlling the nucleation and growth process of lithium is an effective strategy to inhibit lithium dendrite.Herein,a simple in situ self-catalytic method is used to construct nitrogen doped carbon nanotube arrays on stainless steel mesh(N-CNT@SS) as a lithium composite anode.The N-doped CNTs provide a great number of N-functional groups,which enhance the lithiophilic of anode and provide a large number of uniform nucleation sites,hence it has excellent structural stability for cycles.The arrays provide neat lithium-ion transport channels to uniform lithiumion flux and inhibits dendrite generation,revealed by the COMSOL multi-physics concentration field simulation.The N-CNT@SS composite anode sustain stable at 98.9% over 300 cycles at 1 mA/cm2.NCNT@SS as the anode is coupled LiFePO_4(LFP) as the cathode construct a full battery,demonstrating excellent cycling stability with a capacity of 152.33 mAh/g and capacity retaining ratio of 95.4% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. 相似文献
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固体氧化物直接碳燃料电池阳极反应过程分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固体氧化物直接碳燃料电池阳极反应过程分析 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(9):1100-1105
以氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)为电解质组装成直接碳燃料电池(DCFC),分别以活性炭(AC)、石墨(G)、神府半焦(SC)作为DCFC燃料,研究了碳燃料的特性、电池操作温度以及阳极反应气氛等对DCFC阳极反应过程的影响。结果表明,三种碳燃料在空气、CO2气氛中氧化反应活性顺序为AC > SC > G,当三种碳材料作为DCFC燃料时,活性炭作为燃料的DCFC性能最好,半焦燃料次之,石墨作为燃料的DCFC性能最差,而且燃料反应活性与其表面含氧官能团、孔隙结构有关;DCFC的阳极反应过程存在碳燃料直接氧化为CO2、CO2与C反应转化为CO,以及CO氧化为CO2等。 相似文献
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锂离子电池锡基复合氧化物负极材料的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用共沉淀法制备了SnSbO2.5和SnGeO3两种锡基复合氧化物粉末.XRD分析表明,这两种锡基复合氧化物的共同特点是在27°~28°处有波峰,属无定型结构.将其分别作为锂离子电池负极材料的活性物质,利用恒电流电池测试仪研究它们的电化学性能.实验表明,这两种锡基复合氧化物都有较高的电化学容量,SnSbO2.5的可逆容量为1200mA·h/g,SnGeO3的可逆容量为750mA·h/g.这两种锡基复合氧化物的电化学容量远高于碳材料(石墨的理论容量为372mA·h/g),因此,这两种锡基复合氧化物可以作为锂离子电池负极材料的候选材料. 相似文献
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碳源甲基苯热裂解机理的密度泛函动力学研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在热力学研究的基础上,用UB3LYP/3-21G^*方法对甲苯热裂解机理进行了动力学研究。计算得到了甲苯的5种热裂解路径的活化能。用过渡状态理论,计算得到了这些路径在298~1223K温度范围内的速率常数。动力学计算结果表明:甲苯在热解温度低于963K时的主反应路径为甲苯热裂解生成苄基自由基的反应,其速控步的活化能△E~0^θ^≠=402.27kJ/mol;当温度高于963K达1223K左右时,主反应路径转为苯环上脱甲基生成苯基和甲基自由基的路径,该路径的活化能△E~0^θ^≠=456.91kJ/mol。以上研究结果与实验结果相一致。 相似文献
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碱土金属掺杂对钴基尖晶石复合金属氧化物催化分解NO性能的影响 《燃料化学学报》2018,46(11):1377-1385
采用共沉淀法制备碱土金属掺杂的钴基尖晶石型复合金属氧化物M_xCo_(3-x)O_4(M=Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba;x=0、0.1、0.3、0.5、0.7、0.9)催化剂,使用XRD、SEM、氮吸附、H_2-TPR、O_2-TPD-M S和XPS等技术对催化剂进行表征,并在固定床微型反应器中评价了M_xCo_(3-x)O_4催化剂催化分解N_2O的活性,研究了碱土金属掺杂对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,碱土金属掺杂后,M_(x )Co_(3-x)O_4催化剂颗粒粒径减小,比表面积增大,表面吸附氧和Co~(2+)数量增加,氧化还原性能增强;在反应气组成为0.68%N_2O,3%O_2,Ar为平衡气的条件下,碱土金属锶掺杂、掺杂量x为0.7时,Sr_(0.7)Co_(2.3)O_4的N_2O分解催化活性最高,N_2O转化率为10%和95%时所需的温度分别为312和451℃。 相似文献
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本文采用引入外场微扰的CNDO/S-CI方法, 计算了一系列取代共轭多烯分子的二阶非线性光学系数β~vec, 探讨了 取代基及共轭链长与分子微观非线性光学效应的关系和规律。结构表明:吸电子或供电子基团的引入, 有利于增强分子的微观非线性光学效应, 但该效应随取代基数目增多有减缓的趋势, "饱和"取代时由于"饱和效应"而使β~vec值降低; 取代基间的距离增大, 分子的β~vec值提高, 端基代时β~vec值最大; 取代共轭多烯的lnβ~vec与分子中所含双键数n之间具有线性关系。本文还对上述结论给出了理论解释。 相似文献
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In this paper, we report a versatile synthetic method of ordered rare-earth metal (RE) oxide nanotubes. RE (RE=Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) oxide nanotubes were successfully prepared from corresponding RE nitrate solution via the sol-gel method assisted with porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the as-prepared nanotubes. It is found that as-prepared RE oxides evolve into bamboo-like nanotubes and entirely hollow nanotubes. A new possible formation mechanism of RE oxide nanotubes in the AAO channels is proposed. These high-quantity RE oxide nanotubes are expected to have promising applications in many areas such as luminescent materials, catalysts, magnets, etc. 相似文献
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Yaquan Wang Li Yang Tao Wang Zaiyi Zhang Gang Ruan Sen Han 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1999,68(2):183-190
The effect of basic and rare earth metal oxides on the stability of nickel-based catalysts for the CO2 reforming of CH4 has been studied. The addition of metal oxides increased the stability of Ni-based catalysts and reversed the values of the
reaction orders with respect to both CH4 and CO2. In the presence of metal oxides, the values of the reaction orders with respect to CO2 partial pressure followed the same trend of catalyst stability. 相似文献
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用限制性的CNDO/2方法研究了FeTPP和CoTPP不同还原阶段的电子结构,结果表明,在FeTPP还原反应中第一个还原电子和Fe的d轨道相作用,第二个还原电子与卟啉环的4个氮原子及同它相连的8个碳原子的p轨道相作用,而CoTPP的2个还原电子与Co的d轨道相互作用,这与紫外原位光谱的实验结果完全一致。 相似文献
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Several carbon supported chromium oxide catalysts were prepared by varying textural and surface properties of support and
tested for methylene chloride oxidation. They were investigated by TGA and XPS. The difference in acidity and high valence
of chromium led to difference in activity.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献