Some necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of positive solutions for third order singular super-linear multi-point boundary value problems

We mainly study the existence of positive solutions for the following third order singular super-linear multi-point boundary value problem $$ \left \{ \begin{array}{l} x^{(3)}(t)+ f(t, x(t), x'(t))=0,\quad0 where \(0\leq\alpha_{i}\leq\sum_{i=1}^{m_{1}}\alpha_{i}<1\) , i=1,2,…,m ₁, \(0<\xi_{1}< \xi_{2}< \cdots<\xi_{m_{1}}<1\) , \(0\leq\beta_{j}\leq\sum_{i=1}^{m_{2}}\beta_{i}<1\) , j=1,2,…,m ₂, \(0<\eta_{1}< \eta_{2}< \cdots<\eta_{m_{2}}<1\) . And we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of C ¹[0,1] and C ²[0,1] positive solutions by means of the fixed point theorems on a special cone. Our nonlinearity f(t,x,y) may be singular at t=0 and t=1.     

Strong approximation of empirical process with independent but non-identically distributed random variables

Let{Y_t,t=1,2,…} be independent random variables with continuous distribution functionsF_i(y).For any y,dencte s=F_t(y)=1/t sum from i=1 to t F_i(y).The empirical process is defind by t~(-1/2)R(s,t) whereR(s,t)=t(1/t sum from i=1 to t I_((?)_t(Y_i)≤s)-s)=sum from i=1 to t I_(?)-ts=sum from i=1 to t I_(?)-(?)_t(y)=sum from i=1 to t I_(Y_(?)≤y)-sum from i=1 to t F_i(y).The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic properties of the empirical processR(s,t).We shall prove that for some integer sequence {t_k},there is a (?)-process (?)(s,t) such that(?)|R(s,t_k)-(?)(s,t_k)|=O(t_k~(1/2)(log t_k)~(-1/4)(log log t_k)~(1/2))a.s.where (?)(s,t) is a two-parameter Gaussian process defined in §1.     

Asymptotic expansions of solutions of equations with a deviating argument in Banach spaces

For the equation $$Lu = \frac{1}{i}\frac{{du}}{{dt}}\sum\nolimits_{j = 0}^m {A_j u} (l - h_j^0 - h_j^1 (t)) = f(t),$$ whereh ₀ ^o =0,h ₀ ¹ =0 (t) ≡ 0,h _j ^o = const > 0,h ₁ ^j (t),j= 1, ...,m are nonnegative continuously differentiable functions in [0, ∞), Aj are bounded linear operators, under conditions on the resolvent and on the right hand sidef(t), we have obtained an asymptotic formula for any solution u(t) from L₂ in terms of the exponential solutions u_k(t), k=1, ..., n, of the equation $$\frac{1}{i}\frac{{du}}{{dt}} - A_0 u - \sum\nolimits_{j = 0}^m {A_j u} (t - h_j^0 ) = 0,$$ connected with the poles λ_k, k=1, ..., n, of the resolvent R_λ in a certain strip.     

Local properties of functions and approximation by trigonometric polynomials

Suppose Φ_{p, E} (p>0 an integer, E ?[0, 2π]) is a family of positive nondecreasing functions? _x(t) (t>0, x∈ E) such that? _x(nt)≤n^P ? _x(t) (n=0,1,...), t_n is a trigonometric polynomial of order at most n, and Δ _h ^l (f, x) (l>0 an integer) is the finite difference of orderl with step h of the functionf.THEOREM. Supposef (x) is a function which is measurable, finite almost everywhere on [0, 2π], and integrable in some neighborhood of each point xε E,? _X εΦ_p,E and $$\overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\delta \to \infty } } |(2\delta )^{ - 1} \smallint _{ - \delta }^\delta \Delta _u^l (f,x)du|\varphi _x^{ - 1} (\delta ) \leqslant C(x)< \infty (x \in E).$$ . Then there exists a sequence {t _n } _n=1 ^∞ which converges tof (x) almost everywhere, such that for x ε E $$\overline {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } } |f(x) - l_n (x)|\varphi _x^{ - 1} (l/n) \leqslant AC(x),$$ where A depends on p andl.     

Solution of the Szili type conjugate problem on the roots of the laguerre polynomials

Let ?1<α≤0 and let $$L_n^{(\alpha )} (x) = \frac{1}{{n!}}x^{ - \alpha } e^x \frac{{d^n }}{{dx^n }}(x^{\alpha + n} e^{ - x} )$$ be the generalizednth Laguerre polynomial,n=1,2,… Letx ₁,x ₂,…,x _n andx*₁,x*₂,…,x* _n?1 denote the roots ofL _n ^(α) (x) andL _n ^(α)′ (x) respectively and putx*₀=0. In this paper we prove the following theorem: Ify ₀,y ₁,…,y _n ?1 andy ₁ ^′ ,…,y _n ^′ are two systems of arbitrary real numbers, then there exists a unique polynomialP(x) of degree 2n?1 satisfying the conditions $$\begin{gathered} P\left( {x_k^* } \right) = y_k (k = 0,...,n - 1) \hfill \\ P'\left( {x_k } \right) = y_k^\prime (k = 1,...,n). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ .     

Completeness and basis properties of systems of exponentials in weighted spaces L p(−π, π)

We consider the system of exponentials $e(\Lambda ) = \{ e^{i\lambda _n t} \} _{n \in \mathbb{Z}} $ , where $$\lambda _n = n + \left( {\frac{{1 + \alpha }}{p} + l(\left| n \right|)} \right) sign n,$$ l(t) is a slowly varying function, and l(t) → 0, t → ∞. We obtain an estimate for the generating function of the sequence {λ_n} and, with its help, find a completeness criterion and a basis condition for the system e(Λ) in the weight spaces L ^p(?π, π). We also study some special cases of the function l(t).     

Rows and diagonals of the Walsh array for entire functions with smooth Maclaurin series coefficients

Let \(f(z): = \sum\nolimits_{j = 0}^\infty {a_j z^J } \) be entire, witha _j≠0,j large enough, \(\lim _{J \to \infty } a_{j + 1} /a_J = 0\) , and, for someq∈C, \(q_j : = a_{j - 1} a_{j + 1} /a_j^2 \to q\) asj→∞. LetE _mn(f; r) denote the error in best rational approximation off in the uniform norm on |z‖≤r, by rational functions of type (m, n). We study the behavior ofE _mn(f; r) asm and/orn→∞. For example, whenq above is not a root of unity, or whenq is a root of unity, butq _m has a certain asymptotic expansion asm→∞, then we show that, for each fixed positive integern, ,m→∞. In particular, this applies to the Mittag-Leffler functions \(f(z): = \sum\nolimits_{j = 0}^\infty {z^j /\Gamma (1 + j/\lambda )} \) and to \(f(z): = \sum\nolimits_{j = 0}^\infty {z^j /(j!)^{I/\lambda } } \) , λ>0. When |q‖<1, we also handle the diagonal case, showing, for example, that ,n→∞. Under mild additional conditions, we show that we can replace 1+0(1) ⁿ by 1+0(1). In all cases we show that the poles of the best approximants approach ∞ asm→∞.     

Stability of solutions of functional equations connected with problems of characterizing probability distributions

The work contains some results pertaining to the solution ψ_j(x) of the functional equation $$\left| {\Sigma \Psi _j \left( {a_j^T t} \right)} \right| \leqslant \varepsilon ,$$ where a _j ^T =(a_1j, a_2j, ..., a_pj)∈ ?^p, all the coefficients a_ij are constant, t=(t₁, t₂, ..., t_p) ∈ ?^p, \(a_j^T t = \sum\limits_{i - 1}^p {a_{ij} t_i } ,p \geqslant 2\) and the relation (*) is satisfied for all Inequality (*) is connected with certain characterization theorems of probability theory and statistics. For simplicity, it is assumed that the ψ_j(x) are continuous functions, x∈?¹. The following basic ressult is obtained.     

Separate asymptotics of two series of eigenvalues for a single elliptic boundary-value problem

The spectral problem in a bounded domain Ω?Rⁿ is considered for the equation Δu= λu in Ω, ?u=λ?υ/?ν on the boundary of Ω (ν the interior normal to the boundary, Δ, the Laplace operator). It is proved that for the operator generated by this problem, the spectrum is discrete and consists of two series of eigenvalues {λ _j ⁰ } _j=1 ^∞ and {λ _j ^∞ } _j=1 ^∞ , converging respectively to 0 and +∞. It is also established that $$N^0 (\lambda ) = \sum\nolimits_{\operatorname{Re} \lambda _j^0 \geqslant 1/\lambda } {1 \approx const} \lambda ^{n - 1} , N^\infty (\lambda ) \equiv \sum\nolimits_{\operatorname{Re} \lambda _j^\infty \leqslant \lambda } {1 \approx const} \lambda ^{n/1} .$$ The constants are explicitly calculated.     

A Congruence Connecting Latin Rectangles and Partial Orthomorphisms

A partial orthomorphism of ${\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ is an injective map ${\sigma : S \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ such that ${S \subseteq \mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ and ??(i)?Ci ? ??(j)? j (mod n) for distinct ${i, j \in S}$ . We say ?? has deficit d if ${|S| = n - d}$ . Let ??(n, d) be the number of partial orthomorphisms of ${\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ of deficit d. Let ??(n, d) be the number of partial orthomorphisms ?? of ${\mathbb{Z}_n}$ of deficit d such that ??(i) ? {0, i} for all ${i \in S}$ . Then ??(n, d) =???(n, d)n ²/d ² when ${1\,\leqslant\,d < n}$ . Let R _{k, n} be the number of reduced k ×?n Latin rectangles. We show that $$R_{k, n} \equiv \chi (p, n - p)\frac{(n - p)!(n - p - 1)!^{2}}{(n - k)!}R_{k-p,\,n-p}\,\,\,\,(\rm {mod}\,p)$$ when p is a prime and ${n\,\geqslant\,k\,\geqslant\,p + 1}$ . In particular, this enables us to calculate some previously unknown congruences for R _{n, n} . We also develop techniques for computing ??(n, d) exactly. We show that for each a there exists??? _a such that, on each congruence class modulo??? _a , ??(n, n-a) is determined by a polynomial of degree 2a in n. We give these polynomials for ${1\,\leqslant\,a\,\leqslant 6}$ , and find an asymptotic formula for ??(n, n-a) as n ?? ??, for arbitrary fixed a.     

Mixed-mean inequality for submatrix

For an m × n matrix B = (b _ij ) _m×n with nonnegative entries b _ij , let B(k, l) denote the set of all k × l submatrices of B. For each A ∈ B(k, l), let a _A and g _A denote the arithmetic mean and geometric mean of elements of A respectively. It is proved that if k is an integer in ( $\tfrac{m} {2}$ ,m] and l is an integer in ( $\tfrac{n} {2}$ , n] respectively, then $$\left( {\prod\limits_{A \in B\left( {k,l} \right)} {a_A } } \right)^{\tfrac{1} {{\left( {_k^m } \right)\left( {_l^n } \right)}}} \geqslant \frac{1} {{\left( {_k^m } \right)\left( {_l^n } \right)}}\left( {\sum\limits_{A \in B\left( {k,l} \right)} {g_A } } \right),$$ with equality if and only if b _ij is a constant for every i, j.     

Self-interacting diffusions: a simulated annealing version

We study asymptotic properties of processes X, living in a Riemannian compact manifold M, solution of the stochastic differential equation (SDE) $$dX_t = dW_t(X_t) - \beta(t)\nabla V\mu_t(X_t)dt$$ with W a Brownian vector field, β(t) = alog(t + 1), $\mu_t = \frac{1}{t} \int_0^t \delta_{X_s}ds$ and $V\mu_t(x) = \frac{1}{t}\int_0^t V(x, X_s)ds$ , V being a smooth function. We show that the asymptotic behavior of μ _t can be described by a non-autonomous differential equation. This class of processes extends simulated annealing processes for which V(x, y) is only a function of x. In particular we study the case $M = {\mathbb{S}}^n$ , the n-dimensional sphere, and V(x, y) = ?cos(d(x, y)), where d(x, y) is the distance on ${\mathbb{S}}^n$ , which corresponds to a process attracted by its past trajectory. In this case, it is proved that μ _t converges almost surely towards a Dirac measure.     

On coefficients of null-series and on sets of uniqueness of trigonometric and Walsh systems

В работе доказываютс я следующие утвержде ния. Теорема I.Пусть ? _n ↓0u \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\varepsilon _n^2 = + \infty } \) .Тогд а существует множест во Е?[0, 1]с μЕ=0 такое что:1. Существует ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {a_n W_n } (t)\) с к оеффициентами ¦а _n ¦≦{in¦n¦, который сх одится к нулю всюду вне E и ε∥a_n∥>0.2. Если b _n ¦=о(ε _n )и ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {b_n W_n (t)} \) сх одится к нулю всюду вн е E за исключением быть может некоторого сче тного множества точе к, то b _n =0для всех п. Теорема 3.Пусть ? _n ↓0u \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \frac{{\varepsilon _n }}{{\varepsilon _{2n} }}< \sqrt 2 \) Тогд а существует множест во E?[0, 1] с υ E=0 такое, что:

1. Существует ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {a_n e^{inx} ,} \sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\left| {a_n } \right|} > 0,\) кот орый сходится к нулю в сюду вне E и ¦a_n≦¦n¦ для n=±1, ±2, ...
2. Если ряд \(\sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^{ + \infty } {b_n e^{inx} } \) сходится к нулю всюду вне E и ¦b_v¦=о(ε ¦n¦), то b_n=0 для всех я. Теорема 5. Пусть послед овательности S⁽¹⁾={ε ₀ ⁽¹⁾ , ε ₁ ⁽¹⁾ , ε ₂ ⁽¹⁾ , ...} u S²=ε ₀ ⁽²⁾ , ε ₁ ⁽²⁾ . ε ₂ ⁽²⁾ монотонно стремятся к нулю, \(\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \varepsilon ^{(i)} /\varepsilon _{2n}^{(i)}< 2,i = 1,2\) , причем \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \varepsilon _n^{(2)} /\varepsilon _n^{(i)} = + \infty \) . Тогда для каждого ε>O н айдется множество Е? [-π,π], μE >2π — ε, которое является U(S¹), но не U(S¹) — множеством для тригонометричес кой системы. Аналог теоремы 5 для си стемы Уолша был устан овлен в [7].

     

Existence and asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the very fast diffusion equation

Let n ≥ 3, 0 < m ≤ (n ? 2)/n, p > max(1, (1 ? m)n/2), and ${0 \le u_0 \in L_{loc}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)}$ satisfy ${{\rm lim \, inf}_{R\to\infty}R^{-n+\frac{2}{1-m}} \int_{|x|\le R}u_0\,dx = \infty}$ . We prove the existence of unique global classical solution of u _t = Δu ^m , u > 0, in ${\mathbb{R}^n \times (0, \infty), u(x, 0) = u_0(x)}$ in ${\mathbb{R}^n}$ . If in addition 0 < m < (n ? 2)/n and u ₀(x) ≈ A|x|^?q as |x| → ∞ for some constants A > 0, q < n/p, we prove that there exist constants α, β, such that the function v(x, t) = t ^α u(t ^β x, t) converges uniformly on every compact subset of ${\mathbb{R}^n}$ to the self-similar solution ψ(x, 1) of the equation with ψ(x, 0) = A|x|^?q as t → ∞. Note that when m = (n ? 2)/(n + 2), n ≥ 3, if ${g_{ij} = u^{\frac{4}{n+2}}\delta_{ij}}$ is a metric on ${\mathbb{R}^n}$ that evolves by the Yamabe flow ?g _ij /?t = ?Rg _ij with u(x, 0) = u ₀(x) in ${\mathbb{R}^n}$ where R is the scalar curvature, then u(x, t) is a global solution of the above fast diffusion equation.     

Estimates of capacities associated with Besov spaces

Definition

Let A??ⁿ, 0<β≤∞. Define $$h_{\varphi ,\beta } (A) = \inf \left( {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{ + \infty } {\left( {m_j \varphi (2^{ - i} } \right)^\beta } } \right)^{1/\beta } $$ where the infinum is taken over all coverings of A by a countable number of balls, whose radii r_j do not exceed 1, while m_i is the number of balls from this covering whose radii r_j belong to the set (2^?i?1, 2^?i], i∈N₀.

Theorem 1

Let p≤1, θ=∞, and let the function ?(t)t^lp?n increase. Then the following conditions are 2quivalent;

1. for any compact set K, K??ⁿ, if $\overline {cap} (K, X) = 0$ , then h_?,∞(K)=0;

Theorem 2

Let θ<1. Then for any set A the inequalities $c_1 \overline {cap} (A,X) \leqslant h_{t^{n - lp} ,\theta /p} (A) \leqslant c_2 \overline {cap} (A,X)$ hold. Bibliography:6 titles.     

Følner sequences and Hilbert’s Irreducibility Theorem over Q

Letf(X; T ₁, ...,T _n) be an irreducible polynomial overQ. LetB be the set ofb teZ ⁿ such thatf(X;b) is of lesser degree or reducible overQ. Let ?={F _j}{F _j } _j?1 ^∞ be a Følner sequence inZ ⁿ — that is, a sequence of finite nonempty subsetsF _j ?Z ⁿ such that for eachvteZ ⁿ , $\mathop {lim}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap (F_j + \upsilon )} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}} = 1$ Suppose ? satisfies the extra condition that forW a properQ-subvariety ofP ⁿ ?A ⁿ and ?>0, there is a neighborhoodU ofW(R) in the real topology such that $\mathop {lim sup}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap U} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}}< \varepsilon $ whereZ ⁿ is identified withA ⁿ (Z). We prove $\mathop {lim}\limits_{j \to \infty } \frac{{\left| {F_j \cap B} \right|}}{{\left| {F_j } \right|}} = 0$ .     

Generalized higher order spt-functions

We give a new generalization of the spt-function of G.E. Andrews, namely $\operatorname {Spt}_{j}(n)$ , and give its combinatorial interpretation in terms of successive lower-Durfee squares. We then generalize the higher order spt-function $\operatorname {spt}_{k}(n)$ , due to F.G. Garvan, to ${}_{j\!}\operatorname {spt}_{k}(n)$ , thus providing a two-fold generalization of $\operatorname {spt}(n)$ , and give its combinatorial interpretation. Lastly, we show how the positivity of _j spt _k (n) can be used to generalize Garvan’s inequality between rank and crank moments to the moments of j-rank and (j+1)-rank.     

On restricting Cauchy–Pexider functional equations to submanifolds

Sufficient geometric conditions are given which determine when the Cauchy–Pexider functional equation f(x)g(y) = h(x + y) restricted to x, y lying on a hypersurface in ${\mathbb{R}^d}$ has only solutions which extend uniquely to exponential affine functions ${\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{C}}$ (when f, g, h are assumed to be measurable and non-trivial). The Cauchy–Pexider-type functional equations ${\prod_{j=0}^df_j(x_j)=F(\sum_{j=0}^dx_j)}$ for ${x_0, \ldots,x_d}$ lying on a curve and ${f_1(x_1)f_2(x_2)f_3(x_3)=F(x_1+x_2+x_3)}$ for x ₁, x ₂, x ₃ lying on a hypersurface are also considered.     

A note on uniqueness problem for meromorphic mappings with 2N + 3 hyperplanes

In this paper,a uniqueness theorem for meromorphic mappings partially sharing 2N+3 hyperplanes is proved.For a meromorphic mapping f and a hyperplane H,set E(H,f) = {z|ν(f,H)(z) 0}.Let f and g be two linearly non-degenerate meromorphic mappings and {Hj}j2=N1+ 3be 2N + 3 hyperplanes in general position such that dim f-1(Hi) ∩ f-1(Hj) n-2 for i = j.Assume that E(Hj,f) E(Hj,g) for each j with 1 j 2N +3 and f = g on j2=N1+ 3f-1(Hj).If liminfr→+∞ 2j=N1+ 3N(1f,Hj)(r) j2=N1+ 3N(1g,Hj)(r) NN+1,then f ≡ g.     

On the uniqueness of symmetric bases in finite dimensional Banach spaces

Suppose{e _i} _i=1 ⁿ and{f _i} _i=1 ⁿ are symmetric bases of the Banach spacesE andF. Letd(E,F)≦C andd(E,l _n ² )≧n' for somer>0. Then there is a constantC _r=C_r(C)>0 such that for alla _i∈Ri=1,...,n $$C_r^{ - 1} \left\| {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {a_i e_i } } \right\| \leqq \left\| {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {a_i f_i } } \right\| \leqq C_r \left\| {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {a_i e_i } } \right\|$$ We also give a partial uniqueness of unconditional bases under more restrictive conditions.