基于固相基质的流动注射液滴荧光法用于双组分药物的快速检测

以葡聚糖凝胶作为固相基质,结合流动注射技术发展了一种新型的液滴荧光法用于药物中双组分的快速检测.填充葡聚糖CMC-25微珠的离子交换柱用于维生素B6和氧氟沙星的快速分离,基于二者均发射较强的内源荧光,采用液滴荧光法,结合固体基质流动注射分析法,对双组分药物.维生素B6和氧氟沙星进行快速检测.在优化的实验条件下,维生素B6和氧氟沙星分别在5.84×10-8～1.93×10-6 mol/L和5.00×10-9～1.00×10-7 mol/L范围内,体系的荧光强度与浓度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994和0.9951,检出限分剐为3.60×10-8 mol/L和1.74×10-9 mol/L.该方法具有较高灵敏度与选择性以及较好的精密度和重复性.将所建立的方法用于药片中维生素B6和氧氟沙星的测定,回收率在9r7%～104%,相对标准偏差小于2%.     

气相色谱法测定室内空气中苯系物含量的研究

优化了固体吸附/热解吸-气相色谱法测定室内空气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、异丙苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯等8种苯系物的方法。结果表明,目标物色谱峰分离度均大于1.5;在10～500 ng范围内,8种苯系物质量与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数r为0.999 7～0.999 9;该方法的检出限为0.50～3.48ng,当采气量为2L时,最低检出浓度为0.25×10~(-3)～1.74×10~(-3)mg/m~3,相对标准偏差为1.2%～9.1%(n=6),回收率在94.0%～99.5%之间。该方法分离效果好,灵敏度高,精密度好,结果准确,可用于室内空气中苯系物含量的检测。     

毛细管电泳对叶下珠中有机酸的分离检测

建立了同时分离测定叶下珠中阿魏酸、丁二酸、鞣花酸、咖啡酸、原儿茶酸、没食子酸的毛细管电泳方法.采用反向检测,考察了缓冲溶液的pH值和浓度、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的浓度、有机溶剂的种类和浓度及分离电压的影响.以0.3 mmol/L CTAB,25%(体积分数)乙腈,25 mmol/L硼砂-磷酸盐溶液(pH 6.2)为背景电解质,操作电压为-22 kV的条件下,6种有机酸得到基线分离.6种有机酸除丁二酸(线性范围为5.0×10-4 ～1.0×10-2 mol/L)外均在2.0×10-6 ～1.0×10-4 mol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系和重复性,相对标准偏差小于4.1%.与正向检测相比,反向检测所需的分析时间更短、分离效率更高.所建立的方法已成功用于微波辅助提取不同产地叶下珠中有机酸含量的测定.     

毛细管电泳法测定石榴皮中鞣花酸与安石榴苷含量

建立了毛细管电泳紫外检测法测定石榴皮中鞣花酸和安石榴苷含量的方法,并对不同产地石榴中的石榴皮鞣花酸和安石榴苷含量进行测定。研究了运行缓冲液pH值和浓度、运行电压等对电泳的影响,得到最优化的测定条件为:50 mmol/L的硼砂-硼酸缓冲液(pH 8.7),分离电压20 kV,电动进样9 s/20 kV。在最优条件下,检测波长260 nm,上述两种组分可在12 min内完全分离。结果显示,鞣花酸和安石榴苷的线性范围分别为5.0×10-7～5.0×10-5g/mL和2.0×10-6～5.0×10-5g/mL,检出限分别为1.0×10-7g/mL和1.3×10-6g/mL,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)分别为2.4%和2.2%,平均回收率分别为101%和98%。采用高效液相色谱法进行比对,t-检验表明两组数据无显著性差异。该法简便、快速、准确,已成功应用于实际样品的测定。     

双波长荧光法同时测定水溶解态的茚、萘和菲

建立了一种同时测定水体中多组分溶解态多环芳烃的新方法。为消除共存组分干扰,利用三维荧光谱确定茚、萘和菲的最佳测量点为A(λex250.0nm,λem308.0nm)、B(λex225.0nm,λem335.0nm)、C(λex250.0nm,λem364.0nm);萘和菲相应的最佳参比波长分别为292.5nm和286.7nm,所建方法用于水体中茚、萘和菲的同时测定。其线性范围分别为:2.00×10-7～2.00×10-5mol/L、5.00×10-8～3.50×10-6mol/L和1.00×10-8～1.00×10-6mol/L;检出限分别为:8.63×10-9、1.01×10-8和5.29×10-10mol/L;相对标准偏差分别为:1.1%、1.0%和0.7%(n=7)。方法用于自来水样和海水样的测定,结果满意。     

事蔬菜中残留三嗪农药的检测

建立了同时检测西红柿中11种三嗪除草剂残留量的高效液相色谱-紫外检测-质谱定性法.样品经纯水-甲醇提取,C12固相萃取柱净化,然后采用高效液相/紫外/质谱检测法测定,液相外标法定量.对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了研究和优化.11种三嗪除草剂在0.02×10-6～1.0×10-6 g/mL范围内的线性良好,相关系数为0.998 7～0.999 9,在0.01～0.1μg/g范围内,平均添加回收率在72.1%～101.0%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.1%.方法简便、快速、净化效果好.     

Ce(Ⅳ)-罗丹明6G化学发光体系与毛细管电泳联用同时测定氯丙嗪和异丙嗪

提出了一种毛细管电泳化学发光联用技术同时测定氯丙嗪和异丙嗪。在酸性条件下,氯丙嗪和异丙嗪能被Ce(Ⅳ)氧化,然后将能量转移给荧光发射体-罗丹明6G,并以化学发光形式释放能量。基于此,结合流动注射技术,以10 mmol/L KH2PO4/H3PO4(pH3.5)为运行缓冲液,实现了两种药物的分离。方法的线性范围分别为4.0×10-8~2.0×10-6g/mL和2.0×10-8~2.0×10-6g/mL,检出限分别为5.6 ng/mL和3.4 ng/mL,对2.0×10-6g/mL异丙嗪平行测定了9次,相对标准偏差为2.8%。方法可用于同时测定人血清中的氯丙嗪和异丙嗪。     

对硫磷在单壁碳纳米管/金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子复合材料修饰电极上的电化学响应及其测定

制备了单壁碳纳米管/金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子复合材料修饰玻碳电极,用循环伏安法研究了对硫磷在该电极上的电化学行为。该电极对对硫磷具有较好的富集和催化特性,在优化条件下,对硫磷的浓度与其峰电流在2.0×10-9～1.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其检出限为1.0×10-9 mol/L。对1.0×10-7 mol/L的对硫磷溶液平行测定9次的RSD为3.9%(n=9)。用该电极对不同蔬菜样品中的对硫磷进行测定,平均回收率在96.0%～105.5%之间,相对标准偏差在3.3%～3.9%之间。     

土壤中17种有机氯农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱测定法

采用专用索氏提取器、正己烷萃取、Elite-5MS弹性石英毛细柱分离、GC-ECD测定了土壤中17种有机氯农药残留量.方法的检出限为0.4×10-10～2.0×10-10 g,回收率范围在76.0%～108.9%之间,相对标准偏差为0.66%～9.10%.该方法适用于土壤有机氯农药残留量的分析.     

对硫磷在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其分析研究

研究了对硫磷在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)修饰碳糊电极(CPE)上的电化学行为,发现PVP能显著提高对硫磷的氧化还原峰电流.据此建立了一种直接测定对硫磷的电分析方法.对硫磷氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.5×10-8～1.0×10-6mol/L及1.0×10-6～1.0 × 10-5mol/L 范围内呈良好的线性关系,开路富集5 min后,检出限为7.5×10-9mol/L.在1.0×10-5mol/L的对硫磷试液中连续测定10次,其RSD为2.8%.用此方法测定了蔬菜中的对硫磷.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.