Metal and organo-complex promoted synthesis of fused five-membered O-heterocycles

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and an important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal and organo-complex promoted synthesis of the heterocycles. The methodologies used earlier for its synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist due to their high cost, highly sophisticated instrumentation and problematic methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of fused five-membered O-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are metal and organo-complex promoted have been known to be very efficient. The present review article covers the different applications of metals and organo-complexes in the formation of fused five-membered oxygen containing fused heterocycles. The fascinating research that has been done in this area is enclosed in this review.     

Ag-mediated synthesis of six-membered N-heterocycles

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and an important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles. The methods used earlier for the synthesis of heterocycles were significant in the organic synthesis and developing cost-effective, improved and facial methods were beneficial to construct the complex architectures. For the both stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of six-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Ag-mediated have known to be very efficient. The present review covers the applications of Ag in the formation of six-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles.     

Applications of palladium dibenzylideneacetone as catalyst in the synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by N, O, and S containing heterocycles and recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal became highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of palladium dibenzylideneacetone as a catalyst.     

Palladium acetate and phosphine assisted synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heterocyclic compounds and much research has been performed for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal became highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of palladium acetate and phosphine as a catalyst.     

Cu-assisted C–N bond formations in six-membered N-heterocycle synthesis

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal-catalyzed synthesis of the heterocycles. The methodologies used earlier for its synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Cu-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The presented review covers the varied applications of Cu as a catalyst and its importance in the formation of six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The fascinating research that has been done in this area is also enclosed in this review.     

Multiple nitrogen-containing heterocycles: Metal and non-metal assisted synthesis

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by N-, O-, and S-containing heterocycles and recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal and nonmetal became highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of multiple-nitrogen containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of metal and nonmetal. It describes the formation of five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic rings.     

Recent developments in the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered polyheterocycles using rhodium catalysts

The nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-heterocycles possess a number of pharmacological activities and recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. In few past years, metals are applied for the production of these heterocycles. These synthetic strategies involving metal catalysts became highly significant in the synthetic organic chemistry. This review article features the applications of rhodium metal catalysts for the preparation of five-membered N-polyheterocylces.     

Synthetic routes to seven and higher membered S-heterocycles by use of metal and nonmetal catalyzed reactions

Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur containing heterocycles have a wide range of biological activities. Metal and nonmetal catalysts are used in organic reactions with high activity. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of heterocycles in the last decades. The metal and nonmetal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles is becoming an important and highly rewarding protocol in organic synthesis. In this review article, the synthesis of seven and higher-membered S-heterocycles is presented with the application of metal and nonmetal catalysts for the period from 1968 to 2018.     

Application of titanium catalysts for the syntheses of heterocycles

The metal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles is becoming an important and highly rewarding protocol in organic synthesis. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. Titanium-mediated cyclization reactions have been recognized as some of the simplest and useful tools for regio- as well as stereoselective syntheses of five-membered N-heterocycles. This review summarizes the applications of titanium catalysts with emphasis of their synthetic applications for different heterocylces. This review covered interesting discoveries in the past few years.     

Mercury-catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles

Due to significant biological activity associated with N-, O- and S-heterocycles, a number of reports for their synthesis have appeared in recent decades. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. This review summarizes the applications of mercury metal with emphasis of their synthetic applications for heterocylces. In summary, this review article describes the synthesis of different sized heterocyclic rings containing different heteroatoms.     

Application of silver-promoted reactions in the synthesis of five-membered O-heterocycles

The investigation of facial protocols for chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of the present review is to focus on the applications of silver-promoted reactions for the synthesis of oxygen containing five-membered heterocycles which have significance in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and among others.     

Enantioselective Reactions of N‐Acyliminium Ions Using Chiral Organocatalysts

N‐acyliminium ions are reactive intermediates that can act as electron‐deficient electrophiles toward weak or soft nucleophiles, thereby providing useful methods for both intermolecular‐ and intramolecular carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. Nucleophilic additions to N‐acyliminium ions constitute an important method for providing α‐functionalized amino compounds and many other biologically active nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. The development of efficient catalytic asymmetric reactions is a key objective in modern organic chemistry and is very important for the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Various methods are available for this purpose and mostly rely on the use of chiral catalysts for enantioselective synthesis. This review deals with one aspect of such catalysis, which has emerged only in the past few years, and its applications in enantioselective reactions of N‐acyliminium ions to provide various nitrogen‐containing heterocycles.     

Synthesis of Fused Five-Membered N,N-Heterocycles Using Microwave Irradiation

The development of new strategies for the synthesis of fused heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of fused five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms is presented, focusing on the developments in the past 5–10 years. This contribution covers the literature concerning the total synthesis of fused five-membered N,N-heterocycles.     

Synthesis of seven and higher-membered heterocycles using ruthenium catalysts

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur containing heterocycles and many methods are explored for the preparation of these heterocyclic compounds. Metal catalysts are used in organic reactions with high activity. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal catalysts became very important in organic synthesis. New protocols have been investigated for the synthesis of heterocycles in the last decades. In present review article I have concentrated on the synthesis of seven and higher-membered heterocylces in the presence of ruthenium catalyst.     

Synthesis of Five-Membered N,N,N- and N,N,N,N-Heterocyclic Compounds: Applications of Microwaves

The development of new strategies for the synthesis of small-sized heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of microwave irradiation to the synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing three and four nitrogen atoms is presented, focusing on the developments in the past 5–10 years. This contribution covers the literature concerning the total synthesis of N,N,N- and N,N,N,N-heterocycles. The literature data are summarized based on the size and type of cycles.     

Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Five-Membered 1,3-N,N-Heterocycles by Microwave Irradiation

The development of new strategies for the synthesis of small-sized heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms is presented, focusing on the developments in the past 5–10 years. This contribution covers the literature concerning the total synthesis of five-membered 1,3-N,N-heterocycles.     

Cobalt-catalyzed C–N,C–O,C–S bond formation: synthesis of heterocycles

In recent decades, a large number of reports related to the synthesis of N-, O- and S-containing heterocycles have appeared owing to a wide variety of their biological activity. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of heterocycles in the last decades. Metal and non-metal catalysts are used in organic reactions with high activity. These synthetic strategies are becoming important and highly rewarding protocols in organic synthesis. In this review article, the synthesis of heterocycles is presented with the application of cobalt metal as a catalyst. It describes the formation of different sized heterocyclic rings containing different heteroatoms.

     

Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of five-membered heterocycles

In recent decades, a large number of reports related to the synthesis of N-, O- and S-containing heterocycles have appeared owing to a wide variety of their biological activity. The investigation of methods for the chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of present review is to focus on the applications of nickel for the synthesis of five-membered heterocylces.     

Nitrogen heterocycles as potential monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Synthetic aspects

The present review highlights the synthetic methods of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) belonging to a group of nitrogen heterocycles such as pyrazoline, indole, xanthine, oxadiazole, benzimidazole, pyrrole, quinoxaline, thiazole and other related compounds (1990–2012). Moreover, it emphasizes salient findings related to chemical structures and the bioactivities of these heterocycles as MAO inhibitors. The aim of this review is to find out different methods for the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles and their bioactivity related aspects as MAO inhibitors.