Density, Viscosity, Velocity and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) 200 with Ethanolamine, m-Cresol and Aniline at 298.15 K

Densities, absolute viscosities, ultrasonic velocities and refractive indices of binary mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) 200 with ethanolamine, m-cresol and aniline have been measured at 298.15 K, under atmospheric pressure, over the entire composition range. The experimental data have been used to calculate acoustic impedance, specific heat ratio and relative association for these binary mixtures. Excess molar volume, deviation in viscosity, deviation in refractive index, deviation in isentropic compressibility, excess acoustical impedance and excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow have been plotted to determine the nature and extent of interaction present in the solutions. The results have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The results have been explained in terms of specific intermolecular and intramolecular interactions present in the mixtures and are found to support each other. The isothermal compressibility for the binary mixtures was predicted by an equation based on Flory??s statistical theory and three rigid sphere equations.     

Study of Molecular Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Aniline with Carboxylic Acids at 293.15 K, 303.15 K and 313.15 K

Ultrasonic velocity, density, refractive index and viscosity of binary mixtures of aniline with acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) have been measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K over the entire composition range. Further, the specific heat ratio, heat capacity, effective Debye temperature and pseudo-Gruensisen parameter and non-linearity parameter have been evaluated using ultrasonic absorption data. The deviation in isentropic compressibility, excess molar volume, excess intermolecular free length, deviation in molar refraction, deviation in viscosity, relaxation time, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy of activation have been calculated from the experimental data and fitted with the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. A comparative study has also been made between experimental and theoretically calculated values of densities using the HBT and Rackett density models. Mixing rules for the prediction of refractive index, e.g. Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L), Eykmen (Eyk), Weiner (W), Heller (H), Gladstone-Dale (G-D), Arago-Biot (A-B) and Newton (N) have been applied to these binary mixtures.     

Effect of temperature and concentration on density,viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of the pentan-1-ol + nitrobenzene mixtures

Density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity values for pentan-1-ol (1) + nitrobenzene (2) mixtures were measured at temperatures of 303.15 to 313.15 K. The new equations have been developed for viscosity and ultrasonic velocity by the use of statistical software Design Expert. The excess values like excess molar volume, viscosity deviation and ultrasonic velocity deviations have been calculated from density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity respectively. The excess values were correlated using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations.     

Thermophysical Properties of the Ternary System 2-Methoxyethanol + Acetonitrile + 1,2-Dichloroethane, and the Binary Systems at 25°C

Excess molar volumes, change of refractive indexes, and deviation of dynamic viscosity of the 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol + 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane binary systems and the excess molar volumes of 2-methoxyethanol + acetonitrile + 1,2-dichloroethane ternary system have been determined at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure, by measuring densities, refractive indexes, and viscosities over the entire range of composition. These derived data of binary and ternary mixtures were fitted to Redlich–Kister and Cibulka equations, respectively. An estimation of excess volumes is also evaluated using a modified Heller equation, which depends on the refractive indexes of the mixture. A comparison of the predictions by different methods with the experimental values of the physical properties has been made.     

The variation of viscosity, refractive indices, compressibility, intermolecular free length, and excess molar volume of the acetophenone—ethyl acetate solutions at 303.15–323.15 K

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices and ultrasonic velocities of the binary mixtures of acetophenone with ethyl acetate were measured over the entire mole fractions at 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K. From the experimental results, excess molar volumes V ^E, viscosity deviation ??_??, refractive index deviation ??n _D , deviations in isentropic compressibility ???? _s and excess intermolecular free length ??L _f are calculated. The viscosity values were fitted to the models of Krishnan-Laddha and McAllister. The thermophysical properties under study were fit to the Jouyban-Acree model. The excess values were correlated using Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. The data obtained fitted with the values correlated by the corresponding models very well. The results are interpreted in terms of molecular interactions occurring in the solution.     

Thermo-physical properties of the binary mixture of benzaldehyde with bromobenzene at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15?K

The values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity for the binary liquid mixture of benzaldehyde with bromobenzene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15?K. These values have been used to calculate the excess molar volume (V ^E), deviation in viscosity (????), deviation in velocity (?U), deviation in isentropic compressibility (??? _s), excess internal pressure (???), excess intermolecular free length (?L _f), and excess acoustic impedance (?Z). McAllister??s three-body-interaction model is used for correlating kinematic viscosity of binary mixtures. The excess values were correlated using the Redlich?CKister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. The thermo-physical properties (density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity) under the study were fitted to the Jouyban?CAcree model.     

Density and relative permittivity of (pyridine + 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol,and 2-butoxyethanol) binary mixtures at 298.15 K

The densities and relative permittivities of binary mixtures of pyridine with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol have been measured as a function of composition, at T = 298.15 K. From the experimental data the excess molar volume (V^E) and the deviation in the relative permittivity (Δε) from a mole fraction average have been calculated. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.     

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocity studies of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K

Densities, viscosities, and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of trichloromethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol have been measured over the entire range of composition, at (298.15 and 308.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity, the excess molar volumes (V^E), deviations in viscosity (Δη), and deviations in isentropic compressibility (Δκ_s) have been calculated. The excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity and deviations in isentropic compressibility have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The Jouyban-Acree model is used to correlate the experimental values of density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity.     

Excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of acrylic esters with hexane-1-ol at 303.15 and 313.15 K

Densities and viscosities for the four binary liquid mixtures of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate with hexane-1-ol at temperatures 303.15 and 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure were measured over the entire composition range. These values were used to calculate excess molar volumes and deviation in viscosities which were fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. Recently proposed Jouyban Acree model was also used to correlate the experimental values of density and viscosity. The mixture viscosities were correlated by several semi-empirical approaches like Hind, Choudhary–Katti, Grunberg–Nissan, Tamura and Kurata, McAllister three and four body model equations. A graphical representation of excess molar volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibility shows positive nature whereas deviation in viscosity shows negative nature at both temperatures for all four binary liquid mixtures. Positive values of excess molar volumes show that volume expansion is taking place causing rupture of H-bonds in self associated alcohols. The results were discussed in terms of molecular interactions prevailing in the mixtures.     

Refractive properties of binary mixtures containing 2-methoxyethanol and diethylamine,triethylamine, and propylamine

Refractive indexes (n _D ) of numerous binary mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol + diethylamine, 2-methoxyethanol + triethylamine, and 2-methoxyethanol + propylamine, between 288.15 and 308.15?K, are reported. Furthermore, the excess molar refraction (R ^E ) and deviation from ideality refractive index (Δn _D ) have been examined, in order to identify the presence of intermolecular complexes in these binary liquid mixtures.     

Volumetric,Acoustic and Refractive Index for the Binary System (Butyric acid + Hexanoic acid) at Different Temperatures

In this paper density, sound velocity, and refractive index for the binary system (butyric acid + hexanoic acid) were measured over the entire composition range and at 5 K intervals in the temperature range 293.15–313.15 K. The excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities, excess isentropic compressibilities, deviation in refractive indices, molar refractions, and deviation in molar refractions were calculated by using the experimental densities, sound velocities, and refractive indices, respectively. The Redlich–Kister equation was used to fit the excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in refractive index and deviation in molar refraction data. The Lorentz–Lorenz approximation was used to correlate the excess molar volume from the deviation in refractive index and also to predict the density from refractive index or the refractive index from density of the binary mixtures. Four sound velocity mixing rules were tested and the best model for the systems studied in this work was the Berryman mixing rule. The thermodynamic properties are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the components of the mixtures.     

Physical properties and phase equilibria of the system isopropyl acetate + isopropanol + 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Densities, refractive indices and dynamic viscosities of binary and ternary mixtures composed of isopropyl acetate, isopropanol, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C₈mim][NTf₂]) have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes and dynamic viscosity changes of mixing have been calculated and correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation. Isobaric vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data have been determined experimentally for these binary and ternary systems at 101.32 kPa. The equilibrium data have been adequately correlated by means of Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC equations for the liquid phase activity coefficient.     

Mixing properties and modelling of methanol with chlorobenzene and bromobenzene at 293, 303, and 313 K

Refractive index, ultrasonic velocity and density for the binary mixtures of methanol with chlorobenzene and bromobenzene at 293, 303, and 313 K have been measured over the entire composition range. The values of refractive index (n), ultrasonic velocity (u), and density (ρ) were used to compute deviation in molar refraction (ΔR _m) and deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δκ _s). The results of deviation were fitted to the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to derive the binary coefficients and standard deviation. Both the systems exhibited negative values of ΔR _m and Δκ _s over the entire composition range. The density, ultrasonic velocity and refractive index were correlated to first order polynomial with respect to mole fraction. Experimental data of physical properties (refractive index, isentropic compressibility and density) were compared with the results obtained by theoretical estimation procedures.     

Refractive Properties of Binary Mixtures Containing 2-Methoxyethanol and n-Butylamine,Isobutylamine, sec-Butylamine and tert-Butylamine

Refractive index (n) and related properties such as molar refraction (R) have been investigated for 2-methoxyethanol (ME) + n-butylamine (n-BA) and 2-methoxyethanol (ME) + isobutylamine (iso-BA), 2-methoxyethanol (ME) + sec-butylamine (sec-BA) and 2-methoxyethanol (ME) + tert-butylamine (tert-BA) binary mixtures over the entire composition range, at different temperatures in the range 291.15 ≤? T/K ≤? 313.15. Furthermore, the excess molar refraction (R^E ) and deviation from ideality refractive index (Δn) have been examined, in order to identify the presence of intermolecular complexes in these binary liquid mixtures. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of specific intermolecular interactions between species.     

Acoustical and excess thermodynamic studies of mixtures of 2-pyrrolidone with 1,3-propanediol and water as well as 1,3-propanediol with water at 308.15 K

The density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocity (u) of three mixtures consisting of 2- pyrrolidone with 1,3-propanediol (PD) and water and also of PD and water have been measured as a function of mole fraction at 308.15 K. The experimentally collected data has been used to calculate the excess molar volume (V^E), deviation in viscosity (Δη), deviation in ultrasonic velocity (Δu), isentropic compressibility (κ_s), deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δκ_s) and excess Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG*^E). The Redlich–Kister polynomial equation has been used to fit the derived parameters. The variation in excessive thermodynamic properties as a consequence of possible molecular interactions is discussed.     

Mixing properties of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamonium methylsulfate,water, and methanol at 298.15 K. Data treatment using several correlation equations

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure are reported for the binary and ternary mixtures formed by tris(2-hydroxyethyl) methylamonium methylsulfate, water, and methanol. Excess molar volumes and viscosity logarithm variations have been calculated from the physical properties of the pure compounds and their mixtures. The UNIQUAC volume and area parameters have been determined for the tris(2-hydroxyethyl) methylamonium methylsulfate ionic liquid. All properties changes of mixing have been fitted using two polynomial models and the UNIQUAC equation. An evaluation of the correlation capacity has been analyzed for the three models.     

Studies of Associated Solutions: Evaluation of Thermodynamic Parameters of Blends of 2-Methylaniline and Substituted Ethanols at Various Temperatures

Densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u), and viscosities (η) are reported for binary mixtures of 2-methylaniline with substituted ethanols (2-phenylethanol, 2-chloroethanol and 2-aminoethanol) over the entire composition range of mole fraction at T?=?(303.15–318.15) K and at atmospheric pressure, 0.1 MPa. The excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility and deviation in viscosity are calculated from the corresponding experimental densities, speeds of sound and viscosities. The excess properties are correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial smoothing equation. Excess partial molar volumes and excess partial molar isentropic compressibilities were calculated for all the binary systems throughout the composition range and also at infinite dilution. The variations in these properties with composition, for all the binary mixtures, suggest that loss of dipolar association, difference in size and shape of the component molecules, dipole–dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding between molecules of 2-methylaniline with 2-phenylethanol, 2-chloroethanol and 2-aminoethanol are involved.     

Studies on the internal structure of the binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylacetamide with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol by means of measuring their densities and relative permittivities at 298.15 K

ABSTRACT

The densities and relative permittivities of binary mixtures of N,N-dimethylacetamide with 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol have been measured as a function of composition, at T = 298.15 K. From the experimental data the excess molar volume (V^E) from a mole fraction and the excess relative permittivity (ε^E) from a volume fraction average have been calculated. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of studied binary mixtures.     

Excess molar volumes,viscosity, refractive index,and Gibbs energy of activation of binary biodiesel + benzene,and biodiesel + toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K

Excess molar volumes (V ^E), viscosities, refractive index, and Gibbs energies were evaluated for binary biodiesel + benzene and toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K. The excess molar volumes V ^E were determined from density, while the excess Gibbs free energy of activation G*^E was calculated from viscosity deviation Δη. The excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviation (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation (G*^E) were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and estimate the standard deviations between the experimental data and calculation results. All mixtures showed positive V ^E values obviously caused by increased physical interactions between biodiesel and the organic solvents.     

Density,speed of sound,and refractive index measurements for the binary systems (butanoic acid + propanoic acid,or 2-methyl-propanoic acid) at T = (293.15 to 313.15) K

Density, speed of sound, and refractive index for the binary systems (butanoic acid + propanoic acid, or 2-methyl-propanoic acid) were measured over the whole composition range and at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. The excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities, excess isentropic compressibilities, molar refractions, and deviation in refractive indices were also calculated by using the experimental densities, speed of sound, and refractive indices data, respectively. The Redlich–Kister smoothing polynomial equation was used to fit the excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility and deviation in refractive index data. The thermodynamic properties have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the components of the mixtures.