Volumetric and Ultrasonic Behaviour of 1-Heptanol with Some Chloroethanes and Chloroethenes at 303.15 K

Abstract

Excess volumes (V^E ) and deviations in isentropic compressibilities (K_s ) were reported over the entire mole fraction range for mixtures of 1-heptanol with 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene, at 303.15 K. The values of V^E and K_s are positive for the systems, 1-heptanol + 1,2-dichloroethane, +1,1,1-trichloroethane, + trichloroethene and + tetrachloroethene. Inversion in sign of V^E and K_s from positive to negative is observed in mixtures of 1-heptanol with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The experimental data were used to explain the effect of successive chlorination and unsaturation of ethane molecule on V^E and K_s .     

Densities and Viscosities of the Ternary Mixture (Benzene + 1-Propanol + Ethyl Acetate) at 298.15 K

Abstract

Densities and viscosities of the ternary mixture (benzene + 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) and the corresponding binary mixtures (benzene + 1-propanol, benzene + ethyl acetate and 1-propanol + ethyl acetate) have been measured at the temperature 298.15 K. From these measurements excess volumes, V^E , excess viscosities, η^E, and excess Gibbs energies of activation for viscous flow, G*^E , have been determined. The equation of Redlich-Kister has been used for fitting the excess properties of binary mixtures. The excess properties of the ternary system were fitted to Cibulka's equation.     

Excess Molar Volumes of n-Pentanol + Cumene,n-Pentanol + 1,4-Dioxane and Cumene + 1,4-Dioxane at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Molar excess volumes (V^E ) and partial molar excess volumes ( ^VE ) are reported for non-electrolyte binary mixtures of n-pentanol + cumene, n-pentanol + 1,4-dioxane and cumene + 1,4-dioxane at four temperatures and over the whole concentration range. In these systems, the n-pentanol is a highly polar molecule with association in its pure state, while the others two show little polarity without association in their pure states. The results of V^E are discussed in terms of the interactions between components. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson model of solution thermodynamics has been used to predict V^E . This work shows the importance of the three contributions δV _int, δV _p? and δV_F to V^E .     

Excess Volumes of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane with Normal Alkanols at 303.15 K

Abstract

New experimental data for excess volume of five binary mixtures are reported at 303.15 K. The mixtures contain 1,1,1-trichloroethane as common component and 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol as noncommon components. V^E exhibits inversion in sign in all mixtures except that containing 1-pentanol. In this mixture V^E is positive over the whole range of composition. The results have been interpreted in terms of the relative strength of structure breaking and structure making effects.     

Thermodynamics of Mixtures with Strongly Negative Deviations from Raoult's Law. VII. Excess Molar Volumes at 25°C for 1-Alkanol + N-Methylbutylamine Systems—Characterization in Terms of the ERAS Model

Excess molar volumes, V ^E _m, at 25^°C and atmospheric pressure, over the entire composition range for binary mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol with-methylbutylamine are reported. They are calculated from densities measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. All the excess volumes are large and negative over the entire composition range. This indicates strong interactions between unlike molecules, which are greatest for the system involving methanol, characterized by the most negative V ^E _m. For the other solutions, V ^E _m at equimolar composition, is approximately the same. The V ^E _m curves vs. mole fraction are nearly symmetrical. The ERAS model is applied to 1-alkanol + N-methylbutylamine, and 1-alkanol + diethylamine systems. The ERAS parameters confirm that the strongest interactions between unlike molecules are encountered in solutions with methanol. The model consistently describes V ^E _m and excess molar enthalpies H ^E _m of the mixtures studied.     

Topological and thermodynamic investigations of binary mixtures: Molar excess volumes, molar excess enthalpies and isentropic compressibility changes of mixing

Molar excess volumes, V^E, molar excess enthalpies, H^E, and speeds of sound, u, of o-toluidine (i) + cyclohexane or n-hexane or n-heptane (j) binary mixtures have been determined over entire range of composition at 308.15 K. Speeds of sound data have been utilized to predict isentropic compressibility changes of mixing, of (i + j) mixtures. The observed V^E, H^E and data have been analyzed in terms of Graph theory. The analysis of V^E data by Graph theory reveals that o-toluidine exists as an associated molecular entity and (i + j) mixtures contain 1:1 molecular complex. It has been observed that V^E, H^E and values calculated by Graph theory compare well with their corresponding experimental values. The observed data have also been analyzed in term of Flory theory.     

Volumetric and Transport Properties of Ternary Mixtures Containing 1-Butanol or 1-Pentanol,Triethylamine and Cyclohexane at 303.15 K: Experimental Data,Correlation and Prediction by the ERAS Model

The excess molar volumes, V _m^E, viscosity deviations, Δη, and excess Gibbs energies of activation, ΔG ^*E, of viscous flow have been investigated from density and viscosity measurements for two ternary mixtures, 1-butanol + triethylamine + cyclohexane and 1-pentanol + triethylamine + cyclohexane, and corresponding binaries at 303.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the entire range of composition. The empirical equations due to Redlich-Kister, Kohler, Rastogi et al., Jacob-Fitzner, Tsao-Smith, Lark et al., Heric-Brewer, and Singh et al. have been employed to correlate V _m^E, Δη and ΔG ^*E of the ternary mixtures with their corresponding binary parameters. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular interactions between the components of the mixture. Further, the Extended Real Associated Solution, ERAS, model has been applied to V _m^E for the present binary and ternary mixtures, and the results are compared with experimental data.     

Topological and thermodynamic investigations of molecular interactions of aniline and o-toluidine with chloroform

Molar excess volumes, V^E, molar excess enthalpies, H^E, and speeds of sound data, u, of chloroform (i) + aniline or o-toluidine (j) binary mixtures have been measured as a function of composition at 308.15 K. Isentropic compressibility changes of mixing, have been determined by employing speed of sound data. Topological investigations of V^E data reveals that aniline, chloroform and o-toluidine are associated entities and these (i + j) mixtures contain a 1:1 molecular complex. The IR studies lend further support to the nature and extent of interaction for the proposed molecular entity in the mixtures. H^E and values have also been calculated by employing Moelwyn-Huggins concept [Polymer 12 (1971) 387] taking topology of the constituents of the mixtures. It has been observed that calculated H^E and values compare well with their corresponding experimental values. The observed V^E, H^E and data have also been analyzed in terms of Flory theory.     

Excess Molar Volumes and Excess Partial Molar Volumes of Triethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether–n-Alcohol Mixtures at 25°C

The excess molar volumes V ^E have been measured for binary mixtures of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol as a function of composition using a continuous–dilution dilatometer at 25°C at atmosphere pressure. V ^E are negative over the entire range of composition for the systems triethylene glycol monomethyl ether + methanol, + ethanol, and + 1-propanol, and positive for the remaining systems, containing 1-pentanol and + 1-hexanol. V ^E increases in a positive direction with increasing carbon chain length of the n-alcohol. The excess partial molar volumes V _i ^E of the components were evaluated from the V ^E results. The behavior of V ^E and V _i ^E with composition and the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule is discussed.     

Excess volumes of quinoline with nitroalkanes: Interpretation by the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory

Excess volumes of V ^E of binary liquid mixtures of quinoline with each of the nitroalkanes have been measured at 30°C as a function of composition using a continuous dilution dilatometer. The excess volumes are negative over the whole mole-fraction range for all the mixtures except quinoline + nitromethane, which exhibits positive V ^E over the whole range. V ^E results have been analyzed in the light of the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory, which divides V ^E into three contributions. The agreement between experimental and theoretical values is reasonably good.     

Density and excess molar volumes of binary mixtures of sulfolane with methanol,n -propanol,n -butanol,and n -pentanol at 298.15–323.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Densities, ρ and excess molar volumes, V?^E of the binary mixtures of sulfolane, +methanol, +n-propanol,?+n-butanol, and +n-pentanol were measured at temperatures 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15?K, respectively, covering the whole composition range except methanol at 303.15–323.15?K. The V ^E for the systems were found to be negative and large in magnitude. The values of V ^E of the sulfolane, +n-butanol and sulfolane, +n-pentanol mixtures are being positive at lower and higher mole fractions of the alkanols (x ₂). The magnitudes of the V ^E values of the mixtures are in the order sulfolane?+?methanol?>?sulfolane?+?n-propanol?>?sulfolane?+?n-butanol?>?sulfolane?+?n-pentanol. The observed values of V ^E for the mixtures have been explained in terms of (i) effects due to the differences in chain length of the alcohols, (ii) dipole–dipole interactions between the polar molecules, and (iii) geometric effect due to the differences in molar volume of the component molecules. These are more noticeable in the case of lower alcohols. All these properties have been expressed satisfactorily by appropriate polynomials.     

Volumes of mixing of n-octylacetate + n-alkanes: an interpretation in terms of the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory

The results of measurements of molar excess volumes V^E at 303.15 K over the whole mole fraction range for eight mixtures: n-octylacetate + n-hexane; +n--heptane; + n-octane; +nn-nonane; + n-decane; +nn-dodecane; + n-tetradecane and + n-hexadecane are presented. The experimental values of V^E show a regular pattern of behaviour for the eight sets of binary mixtures. The magnitude of V^E for this class of mixtures decreases as the n-alkane chain-length decreases. In order to explain the observed behaviour, the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory is used to predict the total V^E and the three different contributions to V^E. Agreement between the theoretical and experimental V^E is reasonable for the eight systems     

A Study of Excess Molar Enthalpies and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures of 1-Chloropentane + 1-Alkanol (from 1-Butanol to 1-Octanol) at 25°C.

Excess molar enthalpies H ^E _mand excess molar volumes V ^E _m at 25°Cand normal atmospheric pressure for the binary mixtures 1-chloropentane + 1-alkanol(from 1-butanol to 1-octanol) have been determined using a Calvet microcalorimeterand from density measurements using a vibrating tube densimeter. The H ^E _m valuesfor all the mixtures are positive and V ^E _m values are positive or negative dependingon the mole fraction of the chloroalkane. Experimental H ^E _m results are comparedwith the predictions of UNIFAC group-contribution models proposed by Dang andTassios and by Larsen et al., and are discussed in terms of molecular interactions.     

Densities and Viscosities for the Binary Mixtures (2-Methyl-1-Chloropropane + Isomeric Butanol) at 298.15 and 313.15 K

Abstract

This paper reports excess volumes, V^E , and viscosity deviations, Δ\eta, for binary mixtures of 2-methyl-1-chloropropane with an isomer of butanol at the temperatures 298.15 K and 313.15 K. These properties were obtained from density and viscosity measurements. The results are correlated by means of a Redlich-Kister type equation, and interpreted in terms of molecular interactions. The systems show positive values of V^E except in a short range of compositions for mixtures containing primary butanols (1-butanol at both temperatures and 2-methyl-1-propanol at 298.15 K), whereas Δ\eta presents negative values at both temperatures over the whole composition range.     

Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile with n-Alkanols at 25°C

Molar excess volumes of acetonitrile with ten n-alkanols (from methanol to decanol) were determined from density measurements at 25°C and normal atmospheric pressure, using a vibrating-tube densimeter. V ^E for acetonitrile + methanol mixtures are negative over the entire range of mole fractions. The ethanol and propanol mixtures exhibit sigmoidal curves and positive values are obtained for all remaining mixtures. The results for V ^E were compared with those obtained using several theoretical models.     

Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures of 1-Heptanol or 1-Nonanol with n-Polyethers at 25°C

Excess molar volumes V ^E _m at 25°C and atmospheric pressure over the entirecomposition range for binary mixtures of 1-heptanol with 2,5-dioxahexane, 2,5,8-trioxanonane,5,8,11-trioxapentadecane, 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane,or 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecane, and mixtures of 1-nonanol with 2,5-dioxahexane,3,6-dioxaoctane, 2,5,8-trioxanonane, 3,6,9-trioxaundecane, 5,8,11-trioxapentadecane,2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane, or 2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecane are reportedfrom densities measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter.V ^E _m curves are nearlysymmetrical at about 0.5 mole fraction. Excess molar volumes are usually positive,indicating predominance of positive contributions to V ^E _m from the disruption ofH bonds of alcohols and from physical interactions. When chain lengths ofboth components of the mixture are increased, the contribution from interstitialaccommodation appears to be sufficiently negative, such that V ^E _m becomes negative(e.g., l-nonanol + 5,8,11-tetraoxapentadecane).     

Excess Molar Volumes and Partial Molar Volumes of Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether + n-Alkanol Mixtures at 25°C

The excess molar volumes V^E for binary liquid mixtures containing dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol have been measured using a continuous dilution dilatometer over the whole mole fraction range at 25°C at atmospheric pressure. V^E are negative over the whole composition range except for the systems containing 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, or 1-heptanol which are positve at every composition. V^E increases in a positive direction with increase in chain length of the n-alcohol. The results have been used to estimate the excess partial molar volumes V_i^E of the components. The change of V^E and V_i^E with composition and the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule are discussed as a basis to understand some of the molecular interactions present in the mixtures:     

Excess Molar Volumes and Excess Partial Molar Volumes of Triethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether–n-Alcohol Mixtures at 25°C

We have measured excess molar volumes V^E _m of binary mixtures of triethylene glycol monoethyl ether with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol over the full range of compositions at 25°C. The measurements were carried out with a continuous-dilution dilatometer. The excess molar volumes V^E _m are negative over the entire range of composition for the systems triethylene glycol monoethyl ether + methanol, + ethanol, and + 1-propanol and positive for the remaining systems, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether + 1-pentanol, and + 1-hexanol. The excess V^E _m increases in the positive direction with increasing chain length of the n-alcohol. The measured excess volumes have been compared to our previous published data with an effort to assess the effects of replacing methyl by ethyl groups and of inserting oxyethylene groups. The results have been used to estimate the excess partial molar volumes V^E _m,i of the components. The behavior of V^E _m and V^E _m,i with composition and the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule is discussed.     

Excess molar volumes,viscosity, refractive index,and Gibbs energy of activation of binary biodiesel + benzene,and biodiesel + toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K

Excess molar volumes (V ^E), viscosities, refractive index, and Gibbs energies were evaluated for binary biodiesel + benzene and toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K. The excess molar volumes V ^E were determined from density, while the excess Gibbs free energy of activation G*^E was calculated from viscosity deviation Δη. The excess molar volume (V ^E), viscosity deviation (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation (G*^E) were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and estimate the standard deviations between the experimental data and calculation results. All mixtures showed positive V ^E values obviously caused by increased physical interactions between biodiesel and the organic solvents.     

Density,viscosity and refractive index for ethyl tert -butyl ether + 2-butoxyethanol mixtures

Densities (ρ) at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K, viscosities (η) at 293.15, 298.15, and 303.15 K and refractive indexes (n) at 298.15 K of binary mixtures of ethyl tert-butyl ether (1) + 2-butoxyethanol (2), are reported. The excess molar volumes (V ^E) and the viscosities, and refractive index deviations (Δln η and Δn) were calculated from these experimental data. The results are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions.