天然多糖作为核酸载体的研究

基因治疗这种堪称革命性的治疗方法,开拓了治疗癌症的新思路,其最关键性问题是实现核酸药物靶向肿瘤组织并精准治疗。核酸药物直接递送存在核酸酶降解代谢、细胞膜上的负电荷排斥现象以及稳定性差等问题,所以核酸药物需要载体协助,成功的载体递送除能使核酸药物在肿瘤区域大量富集外,还要起到药物控释作用,而天然多糖除无毒、生物相容度高、易修饰的特点外,它本身就具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种生物活性。本篇总结了最具代表性的五种多糖的结构特征及在核酸药物递送方面的应用,继而归纳了多糖的常用的纳米级载体形式,为构建天然多糖递送核酸的新型载体并将其应用到免疫抗肿瘤治疗研究中奠定基础。     

北五味子中的一个新单萜苷

红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）为菊科红花属一年生草本植物的干燥花,是活血通经、去痰止痛的药食同源中药,红花的有效成分为查耳酮类、脂肪酸、多糖和其它一些类化合物,其中红花多糖能促进淋巴细胞转化,增加脾细胞对羊红细胞空斑形成的细胞数量,对抗强的松龙的免疫抑制作用等,是一种新的、值得进一步研究的免疫调节剂,目前,人们正深入研究红花多糖的其它药用价值,但对其结构的研究国内外尚未见报道。     

6-叠氮-6-脱氧凝聚多糖的选择性一步合成

由于含氨基或氨基衍生物的多糖对细胞表面及细胞之间的生理功能具有特殊的作用,在研究细胞之间有效作用的促进剂和抑制剂方面具有潜在的应用价值,因而叠氮化多糖作为制备氨基多糖及其衍生物的中间体受到人们的重视,含乙酰氨基的天然多糖（如Chitin）和氨基多糖（如Chitosan）,由于具有抗感染和医治创伤作用,广泛用于医疗领域,含氨基和硫酸酯的多糖肝素有很好的抗凝血作用和降血脂活性,已用于动脉硬化病的治疗,我们发现含乙酰氨基的硫酸化核聚糖具有很高的抗艾滋病毒活性,而且没有抗凝血的副作用。     

DNA加合物检测

DNA加合物是一类极其重要的、具有多种标志作用的生物标志物,可应用于环境致癌物的暴露监测、基因毒性测定、个体敏感性和环境致癌物与基因的相互作用研究、癌症风险评价、环境致癌因素筛查以及癌症预防研究等.可靠、灵敏、准确的分析检测技术是DNA加合物作为生物标志物得到广泛应用的关键.当前DNA加合物分析、检测的方法主要包括:32P后标记法、免疫分析法、免疫毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光法、液相色谱串联质谱法、微分离.质谱联用法等.本文对这些分析技术和方法及其在DNA加合物检测方面的应用做一简要综述.     

大叶金花草中碱溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

蕨类多糖复合物具有多种生理活性和药理活性,如抗肿瘤、免疫促进、抗凝血、抗补体、抗溃疡、抗炎、抗病毒和降血糖等[1]。目前对蕨类植物多糖的研究较少,主要有紫萁多糖[2,3]、芒萁多糖[4]、半边旗多糖[5]、毛叶蕨多糖[6]、海金沙多糖[7]等。大叶金花草是鳞始蕨科植物乌蕨(Sten     

金属介导的免疫调控与干预:金属免疫学的兴起与展望

金属元素是生命体的重要组成部分,金属离子及金属蛋白在包括物质存储运输、能量转化传递、信号转导调控、分子合成降解等在内的几乎所有生命过程中都发挥着重要作用.金属在免疫系统,尤其是免疫应答的调控过程中也扮演关键角色,其调控的异常往往导致疾病的发生.近年来,免疫相关的肿瘤治疗方案让人们看到了治愈癌症的希望.金属元素在免疫应答和肿瘤治疗中的重要作用正逐渐受到关注,是未来发展的重要方向;然而,目前大多数研究仅仅停留在现象描述阶段,难以在分子层面阐明机制.本文简要介绍了金属元素在免疫应答过程中的关键作用以及在癌症免疫治疗中的重要应用,阐述了"金属免疫学"(Metalloimmunology)这一正在兴起的前沿交叉领域的研究范畴、科学价值和发展趋势.     

水溶性C60-β丙氨酸衍生物清除超氧阴离子自由基O-·2及对小鼠胸腺细胞生长影响的研究

合成具有特殊生物活性的富勒烯衍生物及其生物活性的研究是近年来十分活跃的研究领域.许多实验显示C 60衍生物在抗爱滋病毒、神经保护、抗菌、 DNA切割和光动力学治疗等方面具有良好的应用前景[1]. 其中C 60衍生物对自由基的清除显得十分重要[2].     

碱促进剂在Ru/CNFs催化山梨醇氢解制备二元醇中的作用

研究了NaOH,KOH,Mg（OH）₂,Ba（OH）₂和CaO等5碱促进剂在Ru/CNFs催化山梨醇氢解过程中的作用机制.结果表明,这些碱均能显著提高山梨醇的转化率,但生成二元醇的选择性随碱种类而有所差异,其中以CaO促进的催化剂二元醇选择性最高.CaO提供了用以催化C—C键断裂的OH^-,同时与中间产物形成络合物从而影响反应历程.提出了CaO作为促进剂时山梨醇氢解生成二元醇的反应历程,并由此进一步优化了山梨醇浓度、Ru催化剂用量和碱促进剂用量之间的匹配以达到更高的二元醇产率.     

桑白皮水提取多糖组分的分离纯化和结构特征

桑白皮为桑科植物桑Morus alba L的干燥根皮, 是临床上常用的中药. 采用沸水提取获得桑白皮中的多糖, 用乙醇沉淀、阴离子交换柱层析、凝胶过滤层析等方法进行分离和纯化, 从水提粗多糖中得到均一多糖CMA-a-1, CMA-a-5和CMA-b1-1. 应用糖组成分析、甲基化分析及IR, NMR等光谱学方法研究桑白皮多糖的结构及性质. 结果表明, CMA-a-1, CMA-a-5均为淀粉类多糖, 前者结构类似于支链淀粉, 但O-6位上取代的支链中含有1,6-连接葡萄糖, 平均链长为23; 而后者更接近于直链淀粉, 平均链长为30. CMA-b1-1为以1,2-连接的鼠李糖及1,4-连接的半乳糖醛酸为主链的RG-I型果胶类多糖, 具有多种形式的由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、木糖等构成的支链. CMA-b1-1对SMMC7721肝癌细胞生长具有抑制作用, 对L02正常肝细胞生长则没有抑制作用. 本研究表明桑白皮水提多糖中主要是淀粉类和果胶类多糖.     

肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA的结构分析

肉苁蓉为稀有的名贵中药材 ,具有补肾、益精、润肠及抗衰老等功效 [1] .研究表明 ,肉苁蓉多糖具有延缓皮肤衰老、增强机体免疫功能、促进人体外成纤维细胞的生长及促进创伤愈合 [2 ] 等生理活性作用 .对于肉苁蓉多糖的深入研究尚未见报道 ,为探讨多糖的生物活性与结构的关系 ,本文对肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分进行结构分析 .有关肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分的分离纯化过程见文献 [3].1　实验部分1 .1　试剂与仪器　 Sephadex G- 75 ( Pharmacia公司 ) ;二甲基亚砜 (江苏洪声化工厂 ) ;Shimadzu高压液相色谱 (日本岛津 ) ;Vavian 340 0…     

Total synthesis of FR901483

[structure: see text]. The total synthesis of FR901483, a structurally novel immunosuppressant, has been accomplished by the use of technology recently developed in this laboratory for the oxidative cyclization of phenolic oxazolines to spirolactams. Our approach may reflect the biosynthetic pathway leading to the natural product.     

Enantioselective total synthesis of FR900482

The development of two approaches for the enantioselective total synthesis of FR900482 is described. A precursor for the formation of the benzazocine ring was assembled effectively by a modification of the Sonogashira coupling of an aryl triflate with a chiral acetylene unit derived from tartaric acid and the subsequent novel ketone formation via conjugate addition of pyrrolidine to the o-nitrophenylacetylene derivative. The first-generation approach to the key pentacyclic intermediate of our racemic total synthesis utilizes an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction of an omega-hydroxynitrobenzenesulfonamide to form the benzazocine ring and a stepwise sequence to construct the hydroxymethyl group at the C(7) position. The key intermediate could be synthesized in optically pure form via formation of the characteristic hydroxylamine hemiacetal and a stereoselective epoxide formation. In the second-generation approach, the N-hydroxybenzazocine ring could be constructed directly from an omega-formylnitrobenzene derivative by intramolecular reductive hydroxylamination. The crucial stereoselective hydroxymethylation and the formation of the hydroxylamine hemiacetal could be performed efficiently by a one-pot sequence. After leading to the pentacyclic key intermediate, the total synthesis of (+)-FR900482 was accomplished by a modification of our protocol established in the racemic total synthesis. Stereochemical issues involved in the hydroxymethylation at the C(7) position and formation of the hydroxylamine hemiacetal are also discussed in detail.     

碳-13核磁共振法研究小皮伞多糖结构

采用＾１３Ｃ核磁共振法测定和确定了小皮伞多糖中的大分子葡聚糖,葡甘聚糖等３种多糖的一级结构,这些结果与组成分析和甲基化分析结果是一致的,确定了毫克级直接用＾１３Ｃ核磁共振法分析和检测多糖结构的方法。     

Stereocontrolled total synthesis of potent immunosuppressant FR901483

A total synthesis of the potent immunosuppressant FR901483 (1) has been accomplished. The key feature of our convergent synthesis is the stereoselective incorporation of the p-methoxybenzyl and methylamino groups within the core moiety 10. Tricycle 10 was itself constructed by an intramolecular aldol reaction of the symmetrical keto-aldehyde 7. [Structure: see text]     

Total synthesis of FR901464: second generation

FR901464, a potent cell cycle inhibitor, was synthesized in a convergent manner using natural chiral pool, l-threonine, ethyl (S)-lactate and 2-deoxy-d-glucose as starting materials.     

Synthesis of a promising immunosuppressant: FR252921

A concise and highly convergent synthesis of the promising immunosuppressant FR252921 was achieved by using optically active titanium complexes to control the configuration of the three stereogenic centers.     

Efficient approach to the Azaspirane core of FR 901483

[reaction: see text] An efficient approach to the azaspirane core of FR 901483 is described employing lithiated methoxyallene as a crucial C3 building block and a suitably protected enantiopure ketimine as the second component. The resulting dihydropyrrole derivative was smoothly converted into a spiro keto aldehyde which under acidic conditions provided a novel azanorbornane derivative 15. Under basic reaction conditions, the desired 5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.0(1,5)]dodecane skeleton 16 was generated. The ratio of diastereomers strongly depends on the reaction conditions employed with l-proline in DMSO providing the highest selectivity in favor of one azaspirane product.     

Flexural and tensile moduli of flexible FR4 substrates

A flexible FR4 substrate is not only a core part of current integrated circuit assemblies, but also a promising material for flexible electronics applications. The thin composite sheet typically contains a single-ply of glass fabric which is impregnated with epoxy resin. The single-ply reinforcement leads to large heterogeneity along the through-thickness direction, which causes different behavior in the flexural and tensile moduli. However, no comparative study between the flexural and tensile moduli has been presented for commercialized flexible FR4 substrates. In this study, the flexural and tensile moduli of flexible FR4 substrates were measured using a three-point bending test and a direct tensile test, respectively. Three FR4 substrates were prepared with a different number of glass fabric plies and different types of epoxy resin, with a total thickness ranging from 100 to 150 μm. The effect of the span-to-depth ratio on the flexural modulus was first examined in order to obtain the true flexural modulus from the three-point bending test. For comparison, the strain was accurately measured using a video extensometer to obtain the tensile modulus. In-plane anisotropy and temperature dependence were also investigated for both the flexural and tensile moduli.