卷烟烟气中酚类化合物的分离及分子组成研究

通过酸碱固相萃取结合NaOH溶液萃取的方法成功分离得到了卷烟主流烟气和侧流烟气粒相物中的酚类化合物,并用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICRMS)的方法分别对这一组分进行表征。GC-MS结果显示,卷烟烟气中的酚类化合物主要包括苯酚、烷基苯酚、甲氧基苯酚、萘酚等。除此之外,还有很多酚类化合物无法通过GC-MS的方法对其进行分析。FT-ICRMS结果显示烟气中酚类化合物包含O_(1-7)、N1O_(1-7)、N_2O_(1-6)、N_3O_(1-4)等类型,其中O_2类化合物的丰度最高,其次是O_3类和O_1类。O_1酚类化合物主要集中在DBE=7、9和12,结构可能为几种烷基取代的稠环酚类,N_1O_1酚类化合物主要集中在DBE=6、9和10,结构可能为含有氰基或吡咯基团的酚类化合物。通过此方法还可以对卷烟烟气中的醇类,酰胺类等化合物的分子组成进行分析。     

气相-质谱联用法测定主流烟气中几种芳香胺

采用固相萃取(SPE)-气相(GC)-质谱(MS)选择离子监测(SIM)法测定主流烟气中4种芳香胺(1-萘胺、2-萘胺、3-氨基联苯、4-氨基联苯)。探讨了萃取方式、萃取液浓度、萃取时间、pH等因素对分离检测的影响。对影响提取主流烟气中芳香胺的参数进行优化,在优化的条件下,用5%HCl在室温下超声萃取40 min,烟气中的芳香胺生成胺盐,用50%NaOH调胺盐pH至12以上,将胺游离出来。用五氟丙酸酐酰化,florisil SPE柱纯化后,上GC/MS检测。在优化的条件下,15 min内可实现4种芳香胺的分离检测。1-萘胺、2-萘胺、3-氨基联苯、4-氨基联苯的检测限分别为0.12、0.09、0.13、0.10 ng/mL,相对标准偏差在3.2%~4.7%之间;标准回收率在93.72%~104.22%之间,方法用于卷烟主流烟气中几种芳香胺的测定。     

含萘磺酰基N_3O_2大环化合物与DNA相互作用的光谱法研究

以8,1 1,14-三氮杂-5,6:16,17-二苯并-1,4-二氧杂环十七烷为原料,合成了含萘磺酰基的N_3O_2大环化合物,其结构经~1H NMR,MS,元素分析等表征.通过紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了N_3O_2大环化合物与小牛胸腺DNA的作用机制.结果表明:N_3O_2大环化合物通过嵌插方式与DNA结合,结合常数为K_(298.2 K)~■=20706.9 dm~3·mol~(-1),K_(308.2 K)~■=12416.9 dm~3·mol~(-1),二者结合为焓驱动反应.     

褐煤中有机氮的赋存形态分布和分子结构特征

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了先锋褐煤(XL)、小龙潭褐煤(XLT)和胜利褐煤(SL)及其萃取残渣表面有机氮的形态分布。结果表明,三种萃取残渣表面五种有机氮的含量分布各异,但均以吡咯型氮为主。考察了在300℃下Na OH催化的褐煤萃取残渣的超临界甲醇解反应,XL、XLT和SL萃取残渣超临界甲醇解所得石油醚可溶物的收率分别为46.0%、43.8%和47.6%(质量分数)。用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FTICR/M S)分析石油醚可溶物中的含氮化合物(NCCs)。结果表明,NCCs主要包括N_1、N_1O_1-N_1O_5、N_2、N_2O_1-N_2O_4、N_3O_2和N_5O_2-N_5O_4类化合物。根据不饱和度和碳原子数的分布推测了NCCs的分子结构特征,表明绝大部分NCCs含羟基和羧基等含氧官能团,氮原子主要以吡咯、吡啶和氨基的形式存在于芳环结构中,以1-3个芳环的结构为主。褐煤中的-C-O-桥键的断裂是生成NCCs的一个重要路径。     

3-羟基-1-(2,6,6-三甲基-3-环己烯基)-1-丁酮的合成及其向卷烟烟气释放δ-突厥酮的研究

以亚异丙基丙酮,1,3-戊二烯为原料经Diets-Alder反应合成了4-乙酰基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烯(4),4再与乙酸乙酯在乙醇钠的存在下缩合得到1-(2,6,6-三甲基-3-环己烯-基)-1,3-丁二酮(5),5用硼氢化钠还原合成了3-羟基-1．(2,6,6-三甲基-3-环己烯基)-1-丁酮。其结构经GC—MS和^1H NMR证实。将此目标化合物用作香料成分加入卷烟,用GC—MS检测其烟气成分,发现此化合物在卷烟燃吸时能发生裂解反应,向烟气释放具有致香作用的δ-突厥酮。     

3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇质谱碎裂中[C8H7]^+的结构及分子内质子迁移反应

报道了3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇的常规电子轰击质谱(EIMS)。利用碰撞诱导解离(CID)技术研究了质谱碎裂过程中产生的[C8H7]^+的气相离子结构。同时, 氘代同位素交换、亚稳(MI)和CID实验进一步证实了m/z 103离子的形成并不是分子离子的质谱碎裂中顺次失去甲基自由基和中性CO分子的直接氢迁移的协同反应, 而是在失去CO分子前后发生了二次质子迁移反应的逐步过程。在此基础上提出了一种独特的双分子质子键合复合物中间体的碎裂机理。     

卷烟主流烟气中碳中心自由基的自旋标记荧光表征

以自旋标记荧光探针4-((9-acridinecarbonyl)amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl(TEMPO-9-AC)研究了卷烟主流烟气中的碳中心自由基。以吸烟机抽吸卷烟,以弱荧光的TEMPO-9-AC作为捕集剂捕集卷烟主流烟气中的碳中心自由基,生成稳定的强荧光的碳中心自由基捕集加合物,以高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS/MS)对其结构进行了确认,并建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)的定量方法。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.318 nmol/cig,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%～9.7%;利用TEMPO-9-AC捕集体系鉴别出了10种碳中心自由基;对5种代表性卷烟烟气中的碳中心自由基进行了定量计算,获得了它们在主流烟气中碳中心自由基的含量数据,并发现碳中心自由基总量与焦油释放量之间具有高度的相关性。本法检出限低,重复性好,适用于卷烟主流烟气中碳中心自由基的结构验证及释放量的检测分析。     

超临界流体色谱与气相色谱-质谱联用测定卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类化合物的研究

建立了一种卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类香气化合物的超临界流体色谱/气相色谱-质谱测定方法。将捕集卷烟主流烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片用超临界流体萃取醛酮类香气成分后,通过配备高效分离柱的超临界流体色谱(SFC)先对香气成分进行划段,分离后的各段馏分再用GC-MS分析。结果表明:经SFC分离后的各段化合物之间基本不重叠,解决了GC-MS峰容量有限的问题,且分离出的醛酮类香气成分数量远多于直接进样分析法;样品直接进样后经GC-MS分析仅鉴定出29种醛酮类化合物,其中醛类7种、酮类22种;而经SFC分段后再用GC-MS分析,可鉴定出57种醛酮类化合物,包括13种醛类和44种酮类。3种不同焦油量卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类化合物种类和含量存在较大差异,每种卷烟主流烟气中分别含有不同特有醛酮类化合物。该研究为卷烟主流烟气中醛酮类香气成分的测定提供了新方法。     

含柔性侧基聚亚胺酮的合成与性能研究

以1,4-双-(4′-溴苯酰基)苯和含柔性侧基的芳香环二胺基化合物6-[2-(2-十一烷基-1-咪唑基)乙烷]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺为单体,通过钯催化的胺基化反应缩聚合成了新型含柔性侧基的聚亚胺酮(PIK-T),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.对PIK-T的DSC,TG和GPC分析结果表明,由于主链的芳香环及...     

黄连中小檗碱及其同分异构体的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾多级串联质谱对黄连经水提、醇沉、薄层色谱分离后，得到的组分进行了详细研究，并对其中小檗碱及其同分异构体表小檗碱的分子离子[M ]进行了源内碰撞诱导解离(CID)，在不同源内CID能量(25％，50％)下碰撞诱解离时存在区别，并提出其碎裂机理方面的解释。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。