用胶束荧光法监测丹参酮ⅡA的血药浓度

以十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＬＳ）为胶束试剂,在优化的实验条件下,对兔体血浆中丹参酮ⅡＡ的血药浓度进行了２４ｈ的连续监测,检出限为１．２＊１０＾－９ｇ／ｍＬ,血中丹参酮ⅡＡ的含量在２．８１＊１０＾－６－０．３０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ之间。该法简便、灵敏、效果良好。     

流动注射化学发光测定盐酸土霉素

水浴加热后的盐酸土霉素在磷酸介质中,过氧化氢存在下与高碘酸钠反应产生强烈的化学发光。结合流动注射技术建立了一种测定盐酸土霉纱的化学发光新方法。方法的线性范围为１．０＊１０＾－８－６．０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ盐酸土霉素。检出限为４．３＊１０＾－９ｇ／ｍＬ,ＲＳＤ为２．５％（Ｃｓ＝２．０＊１０＾－６ｇ／ｍＬ;ｎ＝１１）。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定临床样品微量砷和硒

研究了氢化物原子荧光法测定临床床样品全血，血清，胎盘，头发，指甲和尿液中微量Ａｓ和Ｓｅ的方法。线性范围为Ａｓ１．３＊１０＾－９－２．５＊１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ，Ｓｅ２．８＊１０＾１０－７．５＊１０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ；相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１３）Ａｓ２．６－３．６％，Ｓｅ２．８－４．２％；Ａｓ、Ｓｅ的标准加入回收率为９６．７－１０４．２％，用于６种临床样品中Ａｓ、Ｓｅ测定，获得满意的结果。     

HPLC-化学发光法测定注射液中的氢化可的松

样品经ＨＰＬＣ分离后,利用氢化可的松对Ｃｅ（ＩＶ）－ＳＯ＾－２３化学发光体系的增敏作用,在色谱柱为Ｃ１８氰基柱,水：乙腈８０：２０（体积分数）为流动相的条件下,实现了对氢化可的松的分离与测定,方法的线性范围为４＊１０＾－６－１＊１０＾－３ｇ／ｍＬ,检出限为９＊１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ,相对标准偏差３．６％（ｎ＝１１）。     

用二安替比林对二乙氨基苯基甲烷和高碘酸钾催化光度法测定痕量钌

在磷酸介质和９０℃水浴条件下,Ｒｕ（Ⅲ）对高碘酸钾氧化二安替比林对二乙氨基苯基甲烷（ＤＡＥＡＭ）的显色反应强催化作用,建立了动力学光度法测定痕量钌的新方法。方法的线性范围为０－１．６μｇ／Ｌ＾－１和１．６－４．４μｇ．Ｌ＾－１;检出限为８．３４＊１０＾－８ｇ．Ｌ＾－１;对３μｇ．Ｌ＾－１Ｒｕ（Ⅲ）测定的ＲＳＤ为１．７９％（ｎ＝１１）本催化反应表观活化能为９１．６７ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１,表观速率常数为３．５３＊１０＾－３ｓ＾－１。考察了４０多种共存离子的影响,大多数常见离子干扰测定。方法用于矿样中痕量钌的测定,结果满意。     

偶合反应化学发光法测定痕量银的研究

本将Ａｇ（Ⅰ）催化Ｓ２Ｏ＾２－８氧化Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）生成ＭｎＯ＾－４的催化反应与ＬｕｍｉｎｏｌＭｎＯ＾－４－ＯＨ＾－的化学发光反应相偶合，建立起一种新的灵敏测定痕量银的化学发光分析法，在所研究的优化条件下，该法测定银的选择性较好，检测限达到３．２×１０＾－１２ｇ／ｍＬＡｇ线性浓度范围为１．０×１０＾－１１－１．０×１０＾－５ｇ／ｍＬＡｇ，用于水样分析，结果较为满意。     

液相化学发光法测定微量硒

以碘－鲁米诺化学发光反应作指示反应,利用硒（Ⅳ）对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－ＫＩ反应的催化作用,提出了测定微量硒的新方法。方法的检出限为２．３＊１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍＬ,线性范围为１．０＊１０＾－１０－１．０＊１０＾－７ｇ／ｍＬ。该方法简单,快速,准确度较高,用于茶叶和人发中硒的测定,结果满意。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiOx-FeOy体系氧化动力学

用电动势和化学分析方法研究了富钛还原熔渣－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ－ＴｉＯ２－ＦｅＯｙ体系的氧化动力学,得出了氧在熔渣中的扩散速率常数分别为０．６６＊１０＾－５ｍ．ｓ＾－１和１．９８＊１０＾－５ｍ．ｓ＾－１,研究表明：固体电解质构成的氧浓差电池法得出的结果不仅可靠,且方法快速,简便。     

碳糊电极的吸附／萃取行为及电化学测定美托托宁

报道了碳糊电极测定吲哚类神经化学物质美拉托宁（ＭＬＴＮ）的灵敏电化学分析方法。该经物在电极上开路吸附／萃取预富集后,进行阳极溶出伏安测定,在０．７０Ｖ附近显示了氧化溶出峰。ＭＬＴＮ在２．０＊１０＾－６－１．０＊１０＾－２ｇ／Ｌ范围内峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,检测限可达１．５＊１０＾－７ｇ／Ｌ。该法具有较强的抗干扰能力,在适当条件下ＶＢ６不干扰ＭＬＴＮ的测定。直接测定片剂中的ＭＬＴＮ含量,平均回收率为９８％。本文了探讨了有机化合物在碳糊电极上的富集和溶出机理,发现碳糊电极对有机药物具有强烈的萃取和吸附作用,计时库仑法研究表明萃取在富集过程中起着主要作用。     

流动注射化学发光传感器测定抗坏血酸

基于抗坏血酸抑制ＫＭｎＯ４－鲁米诺体系化光反应这一效应，设计出一种简便，快速，灵敏度高的消耗型化学发光抗坏血酸传感器。该传感器线性响应范围为１．０＊１０＾－５－４．０＊１０＾－３ｇ／Ｌ；相对标准偏差为２．３％（１．０＊１０＾－４ｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝１１）；     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.