A further study of the substrate specificity in the reduction of 20-oxosteroids with a culture ofActinomyces roseochromogenus

Conclusions A culture ofActinomyces roseochromogenus ATCC 3347 reduces 17-hydroxy- and 16, 17-epoxy-20-oxopregnenes to the corresponding 20-alcohols, but is incapable of reducing 17-acetoxy-, 17-methyl-, and 16-methylprogesterones or 17-unsubstituted 20-oxopregnenes. The results obtained show that the presence of the side chain in a conformation favorable for the formation of 20-alcohols in the reduction of 20-oxosteroids with complex metal hydrides is in itself insufficient for the reduction of the 20-oxosteroids by a culture ofActinomyces roseochromogenus, which also reduces the 20-oxo group of 17-pregnenes.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 38–47, 1970     

Continuum composition models to describe multicomponent reaction kinetics

Some principles of the construction of kinetic models for multicomponent processes of oil-refining and petrochemistry are suggested in terms of the continuum mixture composition concepts. The results of computer simulation of industrial gasoline fraction hydrocracking processes are presented.

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Steroids LI. The transformation of a series of 20-oxosteroids by a culture of Bacillus megaterium VNIKhFI-1

Summary The substrate specificity of an intact culture ofBacillus megaterium in relation to steroids of the pregnane series with a dihydroxyacetone side chain and without it, and also with steroids containing a 16,17-epoxy ring, has been studied.It has been shown that a culture ofBac. megaterium performs the reduction of a 20-oxo to a 20-hydroxy group only in the case of ⁴-3-oxo-steroids containing a 16,17-epoxy ring.The necessity of a dihydroxyacetone side chain for the -reduction of a 20-oxo group has been established.S. Ordzhonikidze All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (VNIKhFI). Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 742–747, November–December, 1975.     

Cell-Specific Gene Transfer by α-Cyclodextrin Conjugates with Mannosylated Polyamidoamine Dendrimers

To improve the activity and the cell specificity of gene transferof polyamidoamine starburst dendrimer, we prepared -CyD conjugates with mannosylateddendrimers (generation 2 (G2), man--CDE conjugates) having various degrees of substitution(DS) of mannose residue. The man--CDE conjugates (DS 1, 3 and 5) formed complexeswith plasmid DNA (pDNA), but man--CDE conjugate (DS 8) did not. The gene transferactivity of man--CDE conjugates (DS 1, 3 and 5) and -CDE conjugate was augmented with an increasein the charge ratio of vector/pDNA, without showing cytotoxicity. Man--CDE conjugates(DS 3 and 5) showed higher gene transfer activity than -CDE conjugate in A549 cells, whichrecognize mannose, but man--CDE conjugates (DS 1 and 8) showed almost comparable gene transfer activityto -CDE conjugate (G2). On the other hand, no appreciable enhancing effect of man--CDEconjugates (DS 3 and 5) on the transfer activity was observed in NIH3T3 cells, which do not recognizemannose. These findings suggest that man--CDE conjugates (DS 3 and 5) can be new preferablecell-specific non-viral vectors of pDNA to cells which recognize the mannose moiety.     

Steroid saponins and sapogenins ofAllium IX. The structure of aginoside

Summary From a methanolic extract of the skins of the bulbs ofAllium giganteum Rgl, a new steroid glycoside has been isolated — aginoside, which is (25R)-5-spirostan-2, 3, 6-triol 3-0-{[0--D-xylopyranosyl-(13)-]-[0--D-glucopyranosyl-(12)]-0--D-glucopyranosyl-(14)-0--D-galactopyranoside}.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 480–486, July–August, 1976.     

Oligosaccharides ofSaponaria officinalis

Conclusions It has been found that the roots ofSaponaria officinalis L. contain three oligosaccharides.Two of them have been isolated: gentiobiose and the pentasaccharide saponarose. It has been shown that the latter is O--D-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)-O--D-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)-O--D-galactopyranosyl-(1 3)-O--D-galactopyranosyl-(1 1)--D-glucopyranoside.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 469–473, 1969     

Steroid compounds of marine sponges. VII. Preparation of derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol sulfates and structure-activity interrelationships among these compounds

Five new sulfated derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol have been obtained: 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate); 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate) 23-palmitate; 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 3-(sodium sulfate); 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 6-(sodium sulfate); and 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 2,6-di(sodium sulfate). The inhibiting and membranolytic properties of the polysulfated steroids from sponges and their derivatives have been studied. It has been shown that physiological activity in this series of compounds depends on biphilicity.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 441–445, July–August, 1986.     

Glycosylation of triterpenoids of the dammarane series. VII. Dammar-24-ene-3α,12β,17α,20(S)-tetraol β-D-glucopyranosides

Glucosides have been synthesized from dammar-24-ene-3,12,17,20(S)-tetraol (betulafolienetetraol), isolated from the leaves ofBetula pendula. Condensation with -acetobromoglucose in the presence of silver oxide and silicate has given acetylated betulafolienetetraol 3- and 12- mono- and 3,12- and 3,20-di-O--D-glucopyranosides, the total yield of which amounted to 75–80%. The structures of the semisynthetic glycosides have been established on the basis of the results of IR,¹H and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 225–229, March–April, 1988.     

New polyhydroxysteroids from the far-eastern starfish Henricia sp.

From the far-eastern starfishHenricia sp. we have isolated and characterized the new polyhydroxysteroid (24S)-5-cholestane-3,4,6,8,15,24-hexaol and three new glycosides: (24S)-5-cholestane-3,4,6,8,15,24-hexaol 3-O-(2,4-di-O-methyl--D-xylopyranoside) (henricioside H₁), 24-methyl-5-cholesta-4,22E-diene-3,6,8,15,16,26-hexaol 3-O-(2,3-di-O-methyl--D-xylopyranoside) (henricioside H₂), and the 22,23-dihydro derivative of henricioside H₂ (henricioside H₃).Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 249–253, March–April, 1993.