限制在一维谐振势下的三维自由电子气的一些热力学性质

利用围路积分表达的计算系统热力学势的一个公式,得到被一维谐振子势限制、有垂直磁场作用的三维自由电子气的在任意温度下的热力学势的精确解析表达式.然后利用其研究了不同温度和尺度区域内磁化强度、磁化率和比热随磁场强度的变化情况.研究表明,低温下磁化强度、磁化率和比热随磁场强度变化出现振荡现象,其中比热还会出现两种不同的振荡模式.     

准稳态法测量纳米颗粒悬浮液的热物性

通过添加亲水性分散剂,经超声振动制备了粒径为50 nm CuO纳米颗粒悬浮液。理论和实验分析了运用准稳态法测量纳米颗粒悬浮液有效导热系数和比热容等热物性的可行性。加热密度为100～500 W/m~2时,热物性测量结果的合理性和重复性都较好;而加热密度较小时离散性较大。实验表明,常温下2~(wt)％的CuO纳米颗粒悬浮液的有效导热系数约为纯水的1.08倍,比热容约为纯水的1.02倍。     

最近邻强交换相互作用对spin-1纳米管热力学性质的影响

利用有效场理论研究了纳米管上最近邻强交换相互作用下Blume-Capel模型的内能、比热和自由能,得到了系统的内能、比热和自由能与最近邻强交换相互作用、晶场强度和温度的关系.结果表明:最近邻强交换相互作用、晶场强度和温度等诸多因素相互竞争,使系统表现出比J_1=J_2=J=1时的BC模型更为丰富的热力学性质;系统内能随温度的变化曲线表现出不连续性;比热随温度的变化出现奇异性;一定条件下,基态时的自由能会发生突变.     

Quenched bond-dilute Ising ferromagnet in square lattice: Thermodynamical properties

Within an effective field framework which substantially improves the Molecular Field Approximation, we calculate the phase diagram, magnetization, specific heat and susceptibility associated with the quenched bond-dilute Ising ferromagnet in square lattice. The results are qualitatively (and within certain extent quantitatively) satisfactory; in particular the effects, on the specific heat and susceptibility, of the (eventually) coexisting finite and infinite clusters are exhibited.     

最近邻弱交换相互作用对纳米管中Blume-Capel模型热学性质的研究

利用有效场理论研究了纳米管上最近邻弱交换相互作用下spin-1纳米管中Blume-Capel模型的内能、比热和自由能,得到了系统的内能、比热和自由能与最近邻弱交换相互作用和晶场的关系。结果表明：最近邻弱交换相互作用和晶场强度等诸多因素相互竞争,使系统表现出比 = = =1时的BC模型更为复杂的热学性质;系统内能随温度的变化曲线表现出不连续性;比热随温度的变化出现奇异性;高温对自由能的影响更加明显。     

Synthesizing primary molecular relaxation processes in excitable gases using a two-frequency reconstructive algorithm

Identifying molecular relaxation processes in excitable gases remains challenging. An algorithm that reconstructs the primary relaxation processes is presented. Based on measurements of acoustic attenuation and sound speed at two frequencies, it synthesizes the entire frequency dependence of the complex effective specific heat of the gas, which is the macroscopic "footprint" of relaxation effects. The algorithm is based on the fact that for a simple relaxation process, such as occurs in many polyatomic gases at temperatures around 300 K, the effective specific heat traces a semicircle in the complex plane as a function of frequency. Knowing the high-frequency or instantaneous value of the specific heat provides the capability to not only sense the presence, but also infer the nature and, for mixtures of unlike-symmetry molecules, the concentration of foreign molecules leaking in a host gas.     

Heavy fermion quantum criticality

During the last few years, investigations of rare-earth materials have made clear that heavy fermion quantum criticality exhibits novel physics not fully understood. In this work, we write for the first time the effective action describing the low energy physics of the system. The f fermions are replaced by a dynamical scalar field whose nonzero expected value corresponds to the heavy fermion phase. The effective theory is amenable to numerical studies as it is bosonic, circumventing the fermion sign problem. Via effective action techniques, renormalization group studies, and Callan-Symanzik resummations, we describe the heavy fermion criticality and predict the heavy fermion critical dynamical susceptibility and critical specific heat. The specific heat coefficient exponent we obtain (0.39) is in excellent agreement with the experimental result at low temperatures (0.4).     

等热流条件下潜热型功能热流体换热强化机理研究

本文分析了潜热型功能热流体强化换热的物理机制，并基于等效比热模型，对等热流条件下圆管内该类流体层流流动换热强化的各因素进行了敏感性分析．同时，改进了内部流动传统的Ｎμ定义，使之能更有效地表征功能热流体换热强化程度     

Experimental and theoretical studies on high-temperature thermal properties of fibrous insulation

In the present paper, an experimental apparatus has been developed to measure heat transfer through high-alumina fibrous insulation for thermal protection system. Effective thermal conductivities of the fibrous insulation were measured over a wide range of temperature (300-973 K) and pressure (10⁻²-10⁵ Pa) using the developed apparatus. The specific heat and the transmittance spectra in the wavelength range of 2.5-25 μm were also measured. The spectral extinction coefficients and Rosseland mean extinction coefficients were obtained from transmittance data at various temperatures to investigate the radiative heat transfer in fibrous insulation. A one-dimensional finite volume numerical model combined radiation and conduction heat transfer was developed to predict the behavior of the effective thermal conductivity of the fibrous insulation at various temperatures and pressures. The two-flux approximation was used to model the radiation heat transfer through the insulation. The experimentally measured specific heat and Rosseland mean extinction coefficients were used in the numerical heat transfer model to calculate the effective thermal conductivity. The average deviation between the numerical results for different values of albedo of scattering and the experimental results was investigated. The numerical results for ω=1 and experimental data were compared. It was found that the calculated values corresponded with the experimental values within an average of 13.5 percent. Numerical results were consistent with experimental results through the environmental conditions under examination.     

Phase transitions in NM-TM spinglasses

The co-operative spin-freezing caused by RKKY and DM-interactions leads to finite discontinuities in the EA-order parameter because of the co-existence of an effective single impurity effect and a spinglass effect. Derived expressions for specific heat and susceptibility yield a multiple order (first and third) phase transition. This third order transition may be reconciled with the observed “knees” in the specific heat and discontinuities in the susceptibility slope at T_f.     

Effective theory of excitations in a Feshbach-resonant superfluid

A strongly interacting Fermi gas, such as that of cold atoms operative near a Feshbach resonance, is difficult to study by perturbative many-body theory to go beyond mean-field approximation. Here I develop an effective field theory for the resonant superfluid based on broken symmetry. The theory retains both fermionic quasiparticles and superfluid phonons, the interaction between them being derived nonperturbatively. The theory converges and can be improved order by order, in a manner governed by a low energy expansion rather than by a coupling constant. I apply the effective theory to calculate the specific heat and discuss the theory with a recent heat capacity experiment.     

稀释晶场对纳米管上Blume-Capel模型磁化性质的研究

利用有效场理论研究了纳米管上稀释晶场中Blume-Capel模型格点的磁化强度、内能、比热和自由能,得到了系统格点的磁化强度、内能、比热和自由能与温度和稀释晶场的关系.结果表明:稀释晶场取值概率和晶场强度等诸多因素相互竞争,使系统表现出比含恒定晶场作用的Blume-Capel模型更为丰富的磁学特性;稀释晶场会抑制系统格点的磁化强度,导致其基态饱和值小于1;温度较低时,系统格点的磁化强度表现出复杂性;晶场较强时,系统的内能、比热和自由能也呈现出不同的磁学性质.     

New aspects on the electron-phonon system at finite temperatures with an application on lead and mercury

The paper deals with the influence of the electron-phonon interaction on the properties of the conduction electrons in lead and mercury. The quasi-particle properties are considered in detail using Green’s functions. Special attention is given to temperature effects in the effective mass as measured in cyclotron resonance or the electronic specific heat. It is shown that such a temperature dependence in the effective mass for lead and mercury should be possible to verify with the present experimental technique. The electronic specific heat in the normal state is far from linear inT atT ～T _c, a fact which has some consequences for the interpretation of experiments on the thermodynamics of the superconducting state.     

热管吸液芯的研究进展

文中对热管内吸液芯的研究进展进行了阐述,着重从对热管传热性能起主要影响作用的比表面积、孔隙率、渗透率、有效毛细半径、密度、有效导热系数等结构参数方面进行了分析,最后介绍了多孔泡沫金属这一新型的热管吸液芯,并指出了今后的研究方向.     

On gas phase transitions in a 2D nanopore

A gas distribution function for a 2D nanopore was derived, making possible calculations of thermodynamic characteristics such as pressure and heat capacity. The dependence of pressure and heat capacity on the least nanopore size was considered suggesting the presence of specific phase transitions in the gas in a certain temperature range. The phase transitions are associated with size quantization which results in “effective” interaction (attraction) between gas molecules.     

最近邻原子间交换相互作用对纳米管上Blume-Capel模型磁热性质的影响

利用有效场理论研究了纳米管上最近邻原子间交换相互作用对Blume-Capel模型格点的磁化强度、内能、比热和自由能的影响,得到了系统格点的磁化强度、内能、比热和自由能与交换相互作用和晶场强度的关系.结果表明:最近邻交换相互作用和晶场强度等诸多因素相互竞争,使系统表现出丰富的磁学特性;正晶场对系统磁化强度具有促进作用;负晶场对系统磁化强度具有抑制作用;负晶场作用下,系统发生一级相变;晶场强度参数和交换相互作用不同时,系统的内能、比热和自由能也呈现出奇异性.     

The effective length of a flat plate heat pipe covered partially by a strip heater on the evaporator section

An approximate method is presented for calculating the effective length of a flat heat pipe when a strip heater is partially covering the evaporator section. For a specific width of the strip heater, the optimal position to achieve a minimum effective length is found when the heater is placed symmetrically at the centre of the evaporator section. In this position, a higher value of the capillary heat transport limit can be achieved as compared to the case where the heater is placed on one side of the evaporator section.     

Effect of disorder on the magnetic properties of a partially filled skutterudite

The magnetic properties of the partially filled skutterudite Eu(0.5)Co(4)Sb(12) are investigated by a model Hamiltonian, with special emphasis on the effect of ordering and disordering occupancy of the filler atoms Eu on the magnetic properties. The magnetization, magnetic specific heat and entropy are calculated within the mean-field approximation. By introducing the position disorder of the filler atoms, the critical temperature T(C) above which the magnetization disappears is changed. The magnetization curve near T(C) also becomes concave compared to the convex magnetization of the ordered system. The filler disordering also leads to a kink in the isothermal magnetization curve and a valley in the magnetic specific heat near T(C). The effective magnetic field acting on the localized spin of the filler atoms has a competitive effect with the disorder and therefore makes the valley disappear.     

A study of the optimum interaction between the working fluid and the absorbent in absorption heat pump systems

The operating efficiency of an absorption heat pump is critically dependent on the chemical, thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid, the absorbent and their solution. The desirable properties are discussed in the light of the operating parameters and the thermodynamic limits. Deviations from ideality are considered with specific reference to water/salt systems. Plots of the heat of hydration and heat of solution against the effective ionic radius, the lowering of vapour pressure against the heat of solution and the solubility against the melting point have been made for aqueous alkali metal halide solutions. It is demonstrated that an optimisation procedure is necessary to select suitable working fluid-absorbent combinations from the hundreds of possible combinations based on the operating conditions and the field of application.     

Blume–Emery–Griffiths纳米管的热力学与相变性质

利用有效场理论研究了圆柱形纳米管上Blume-Emery-Griffiths系统的热力学与相变性质,得到了系统的磁化强度、磁化率、比热和相图.讨论了四次交换作用与二次交换作用的比值 与晶格场对系统热力学量和相图的影响.研究发现:系统存在三临界点,且三临界点由参数 和晶格场共同决定,即若确定了参数 ,则三临界点所对应的晶格场也能确定.随着参数 的增加,系统出现三临界点时所对应的温度和晶格场也相应增大.