FCC硫转移剂MgAlCuFe复合氧化物的结构与性能:金属盐前体的影响

分别以硝酸盐、盐酸盐和硫酸盐为金属盐前体,采用共沉淀法合成了MgAlCuFe类水滑石前驱体,经过700℃焙烧6h后,制得三种新型FCC硫转移剂.运用X射线衍射、热重、氮气吸附和红外光谱对这三种硫转移剂的结构和性能进行了表征,并采用改装的WRP-3热重天平评价了其氧化吸硫和还原脱硫的性能.结果表明,三种金属盐均可得到结构规整的类水滑石前驱体,经过焙烧后得到复合氧化物MgAlCuFe.与采用盐酸盐和硫酸盐作前体相比,由硝酸盐制得的硫转移剂具有较大的比表面积,其饱和吸附硫容和氧化吸硫速率均较高,6min可达到1.54g/g的饱和吸附能力,同时具有较强的还原脱硫能力.     

含钯类水滑石衍生复合氧化物Pd/M3AlO(M=Mg,Co, Ni,Cu, Zn)催化剂上氯苯的催化氧化

采用共沉淀法制备了系列含Pd类水滑石材料, 类水滑石基体为M3Al-HT (M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), 经焙烧制备出含Pd类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化剂. 通过X射线衍射(XRD), 热重-差热分析(TG-DTG), H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR), O2程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)和N2吸脱附等表征技术手段研究了不同二价金属元素对含Pd类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化剂物理化学性质及其对挥发性有机污染物氯苯催化氧化性能的影响. XRD和TG-DTG结果表明, 不同二价金属元素, 除Cu外, 都能形成类水滑石层状结构, Pd在不同类水滑石前驱物中均能良好分散. 不同的二价金属元素对催化剂性能的影响不同, 其中Pd/Co3AlO催化剂表现出最高的氯苯催化氧化活性, 其起燃温度和全转化温度分别为182和283 ℃. H2-TPR和O2-TPD测试表明, Pd和类水滑石衍生复合氧化物存在着协同作用, Pd的引入促进了复合氧化物的还原, 从而影响氧化物的氧化还原性能. Pd/M3AlO系列催化剂的活性主要受催化剂的氧化还原性能及其表面活性氧物种的影响.     

含硫液体烃燃料水蒸气重整制氢Ⅰ. Pt/Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9催化剂的制备、表征和抗硫性能

 以柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成的具有萤石结构的Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(CGO)复合氧化物为载体,用初湿浸润法制备了负载型Pt催化剂. 纯异辛烷的重整反应结果显示, 600和800 ℃焙烧的催化剂达到了热力学平衡转化, 1000 ℃焙烧会导致Pt的聚集和氧化物的严重烧结,因而催化剂活性较差. 抗硫测试表明, 800 ℃焙烧的催化剂抗硫性能最好,在300 μg/g硫存在下, 100 h内异辛烷均接近完全转化; 在500 μg/g硫存在下催化剂仍表现出良好抗硫性能. 程序升温还原和X射线分析结果显示, 800 ℃焙烧时Pt与CGO载体间的相互作用最强,同时催化剂具有良好的热稳定性,这是催化剂具有抗硫性能并且抗硫作用持久的根本原因. 反应条件下噻吩硫完全转化成H2S, 硫的转化可能是通过氧化-还原机理进行的.     

Cu-Mg/Al复合氧化物催化碳颗粒物燃烧性能的研究

恒定二价与三价阳离子比为3(nM2+/nM3+=3),采用共沉淀法制备不同Cu含量的系列水滑石前驱物, 800 ℃焙烧4 h形成复合氧化物(CuO质量百分数分别为0％、5％、10％、15％、20％、30％、40％)用作柴油车排放碳颗粒物燃烧的催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、TG-DSC、FT-IR、TPR等表征手段研究了Cu、Mg含量对材料前驱物物化性能的影响及对其衍生复合氧化物催化碳颗粒物燃烧性能的影响．结果表明,Cu、Mg含量对材料的热稳定性、比表面和催化氧化活性有显著的影响. Mg有助于提高催化剂的热稳定性; Cu含量增加,催化剂比表面下降,但比表面不是影响催化剂活性的主要因素. CuO含量为15％时,催化剂具有最好的催化活性和稳定性,碳颗粒物的起燃温度(T10)和半转化温度(T50)分别为336 ℃和409 ℃.在CuO含量≤30％时可以形成结构完整的水滑石前驱物, CuO含量为40％时出现Cu(OH)2杂相; CuO含量< 20％时,经高温焙烧可得到均匀的复合氧化物, CuO含量≥20％时出现CuO偏析． TPR结果表明焙烧温度和复合氧化物的组成决定了材料的可还原性能．     

含硫液体烃燃料水蒸气重整制氢I．Pt／Ce0．8Gd0．2O1．9催化剂的制备、表征和抗硫性能

以柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成的具有萤石结构的Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9（CGO）复合氧化物为载体，用初湿浸润法制备了负载型Pt催化剂．纯异辛烷的重整反应结果显示，600和800℃焙烧的催化剂达到了热力学平衡转化，1000℃焙烧会导致Pt的聚集和氧化物的严重烧结，因而催化剂活性较差．抗硫测试表明，800℃焙烧的催化剂抗硫性能最好，在300μg／g硫存在下，100h内异辛烷均接近完全转化；在500μg／g硫存在下催化剂仍表现出良好抗硫性能．程序升温还原和X射线分析结果显示．800℃焙烧时Pt与CGO载体间的相互作用最强，同时催化剂具有良好的热稳定性，这是催化剂具有抗硫性能并且抗硫作用持久的根本原因．反应条件下噻吩硫完全转化成H2S，硫的转化可能是通过氧化-还原机理进行的．     

插层结构水滑石前驱体制备Cu/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂及其甲醇合成催化性能

分别采用共沉淀法、离子交换法和焙烧复原法制备Cu(C2O4)22?络合阴离子插层ZnAl-LDH水滑石纯物相前驱体,经焙烧得到片层结构的Cu-ZnAl-LDO催化剂.通过XRD、TEM、ICP、H2-TPR、N2O-H2氧化还原滴定及N2物理吸附-脱附等方式对前驱体和催化剂进行表征分析,考察了不同制备方法对插层结构催化...     

Cu/Co/Fe水滑石衍生的复合氧化物催化高氯酸铵热分解的研究

以Cu/Co/Fe水滑石(Cu/Co/Fe-LDHs)为前驱体经过焙烧制备了Cu/Co/Fe复合氧化物(Cu/Co/Fe-MOs)。利用DTA和TG-MS研究了Cu/Co/Fe-MOs作为新型催化剂对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。结果表明,Cu/Co/Fe-MOs呈现为CuFe2O4和(CoFe2)O4晶相,具有70~110 m2.g-1的比表面积。晶粒大小均匀,尺寸在20~30 nm。添加4wt%的400℃焙烧得到的Cu/Co/Fe-MOs催化剂使高氯酸铵热分解反应的温度降低了139℃。Cu/Co/Fe-MOs是通过吸附在金属氧化物表面的超氧离子(O2-)来加速高氯酸铵热分解的。     

CuZnAl类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化环己醇脱氢反应的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同CuZnAl配比的类水滑石,通过不同温度焙烧制备其衍生复合氧化物.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、差热热重(TG-DTA)、N2吸附-脱附和CO2程序升温脱附法(CO2-TPD)对类水滑石和衍生复合氧化物进行了表征.将所得复合氧化物用于环己醇脱氢制备环己酮的反应中考察其催化活性.实验结果表明:CuZnAl类水滑石衍生复合氧化物对该反应具有很高的催化活性,在反应温度220℃时以CuZnAl[n(Cu)/n(Zn)/n(Al)=1.34/0.66/1.0]类水滑石为前躯体,400℃焙烧所得的衍生复合氧化物表现出最佳的催化活性,环己醇转化率高达94.9%,环己酮的选择性近100%.     

介孔Fe-Cu复合金属氧化物纳米粉催化剂催化低温CO氧化（英文）

以环氧丙烷为凝胶剂,采用简便低廉的无表面活性剂的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Cu/Fe摩尔比的高比表面积介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物纳米粉末.运用微反应器-色谱体系考察了它们在低温CO氧化反应中的催化性能.采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、热重-差热分析、程序升温还原、傅里叶变换红外光谱和透射电镜对所制样品进行了表征.结果表明,这些介孔Fe-Cu复合氧化物催化剂具有纳米晶结构、窄的孔径分布和高的比表面积,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出高的活性和稳定性.CuO的添加影响了Fe2O3的结构和催化性能.当CuO含量为15 mol%时,催化剂具有最高的比表面积和催化活性,在低温CO氧化反应中表现出较高的催化稳定性.     

金属Sr、Fe掺杂对LaCoO3催化氧化碳烟及抗硫性能影响

利用柠檬酸-EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)配位法制备了La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3催化剂,展现出较好的催化氧化碳烟(soot)活性和抗硫性能。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅利叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和SO2程序升温脱附(SO2-TPD)等研究了Sr、Fe掺杂对催化剂物理化学性质及抗硫能力影响。当Sr掺杂LaCoO3时有利于形成较多的表面吸附氧(O2^-、O^-)和氧空位,且低温氧化还原性能亦有较大改善,提高了催化氧化碳烟活性,其Ti(起燃温度)和Tm(最大碳烟燃烧速率温度)分别为284和347℃。当催化剂同时掺杂Sr、Fe时,其低温氧化还原性能进一步改善,并形成较多Fe^4+离子,有利于提高催化氧化碳烟活性。催化剂SO2中毒失活主要来源于Co^2+/Co^3+和表面吸附氧的硫酸化(SO3^2-、SO4^2-)。XPS和SO2-TPD结果表明,LaSrCoFeO3抗硫性主要来源于Fe^3+与SO2结合形成的硫酸盐物种,降低了SO2对活性组分表面吸附氧和Fe^4+毒化。TPO(程序升温氧化)结果表明,硫化后的LaSrCoFeO3-S仍具有较好的催化氧化碳烟活性,其Tm仅为361℃,表明Sr、Fe同时掺杂具有较好的低温催化氧化碳烟活性和良好的抗硫性能。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Kinetics and mechanisms of chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of cysteine and glutathione

Chlorine dioxide oxidation of cysteine (CSH) is investigated under pseudo-first-order conditions (with excess CSH) in buffered aqueous solutions, p[H+] 2.7-9.5 at 25.0 degrees C. The rates of chlorine dioxide decay are first order in both ClO2 and CSH concentrations and increase rapidly as the pH increases. The proposed mechanism is an electron transfer from CS- to ClO2 (1.03 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) with a subsequent rapid reaction of the CS* radical and a second ClO2 to form a cysteinyl-ClO2 adduct (CSOClO). This highly reactive adduct decays via two pathways. In acidic solutions, it hydrolyzes to give CSO(2)H (sulfinic acid) and HOCl, which in turn rapidly react to form CSO3H (cysteic acid) and Cl-. As the pH increases, the (CSOClO) adduct reacts with CS- by a second pathway to form cystine (CSSC) and chlorite ion (ClO2-). The reaction stoichiometry changes from 6 ClO2:5 CSH at low pH to 2 ClO2:10 CSH at high pH. The ClO2 oxidation of glutathione anion (GS-) is also rapid with a second-order rate constant of 1.40 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). The reaction of ClO2 with CSSC is 7 orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding reaction with cysteinyl anion (CS-) at pH 6.7. Chlorite ion reacts with CSH; however, at p[H+] 6.7, the observed rate of this reaction is slower than the ClO2/CSH reaction by 6 orders of magnitude. Chlorite ion oxidizes CSH while being reduced to HOCl, which in turn reacts rapidly with CSH to form Cl-. The reaction products are CSSC and CSO3H with a pH-dependent distribution similar to the ClO2/CSH system.